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TRANSGRESSIONS OF TWELVE VOWS:
When the householder takes these vows he has to know the acts which defile his vow so that he can avoid them. Any intentional violation of the rules of the vow is defilement of the vow. A householder should be aware of the following transgressions or violations (Aticara) of these twelve vows.
(1) Five major violations pertaining to Non-violence
(a) Tying up living beings tightly.
(b) Hitting them with sticks or by any other means.
(c) Piercing or amputating any organ of the body.
(d) Making them carry heavy load.
(e) Withholding their food and drink.
(2) Five major violations pertaining to the vow of truthfulness
(a) Sudden calumniation or saying anything without pre
consideration.
(b) Disclosing secrets of others.
(c) Divulging the confidence of one's spouse
(husband or wife).
(d) Misleading the others and
(e) Preparing false documents.
(3) Five major violations pertaining to the vow ofNon-stealing (a) Abetment of theft or to encourage someone to commit theft.
(b) Receiving or purchasing stolen property.
(c) Violating the rules of the state.
(d) Improper measuring and inaccurate weighing. (e) Dealing in adulteration and counterfeit.
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Jainism and its History
