Jaina Psychology

Author(s): Mohanlal Mehta
Publisher: Sohanlal Jain Dharm Pracharak Samiti Amrutsar

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JAINA PSYCHOLOGY mature realization' takes place before the actual period of rise commences, whereas 'increased realization' and 'decreased realization' take place after the period of realization begins. These processes and the like make an indication that Freedom of Will occupies an important place in the doctrine of karma of the Jainas.
The process by which the nature, duration, intensity, and quantity of one kind of karma can be transformed into those of another is called 'transformation'. It takes place only between the sub-types of a main type, and not between different main types. It is, however, not possible between the four types of age and between the belief-deluding and conduct-deluding karmas nor between the three sub-types of the belief-deluding karma.
✓ Subsidence' is a process that holds up the states of realization, premature realization, and the like. It is a temporary phase that does not last long. The contrary is the state of elimination, annihilation or destruction (kşaya). In this state the particles of a karma are dissociated from the self. There is a third state as well. It is a complex of three states: elimination, subsidence, and realization (kşayopaśama). In it some karmic particles are annihilated, some of them are held up, while others are in rise.
Under certain circumstances it is not possible to introduce any change whatsoever except 'increased realization' and 'decreased realization. It is due to the 'incapability of all the processes other than increased realization and decreased realization'. Sometimes, however, even these two are impossible because of the 'incapability of all the processes’In this state, there is no possibility of any change whatsoever in the nature, length of duration, intensity of fruition, and quantity of particles of a karma. They are unalterably fixed from the very moment of bondage. In this state, there is no place for Freedom of Will. It is absolutely pre deterministic. ✓ Every type of karma requires some time to produce its effect. It does not give its fruit at the same moment it is bound. In other words, a karma remains ineffective for a certain length of period. This state of karma is nothing but its 'endurance without effect.
1 Karma-praksti (Sankrama-karaṇa), pp. 1-3. ? Ibid., (Bandhana-karaṇa), p. 19 (1). 3 Ibid., 19 (2)