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JAINA PSYCHOLOGY
the love for others that grows out of the pleasure or satisfaction we obtain from the presence or companionship of others. Sympathy is also included in it. Disliking is contrary to liking. Disgust is only a developed state of disliking. In it we positively hate the thing we do not like. Fear is an insistent desire to escape. It is directed to some threatening situation, real or imaginary, with which we do not feel safe. Terror and anxiety are the forms of fear. The rapidity of increasing fear leads to terror. The anticipatory danger produces anxiety. Hope is an important emotion which is opposed to anxiety. It is not discussed in the Jaina works on karma separately. The Jaina thinkers mention seven types of fear: fear of our own class, fear of another class, fear of protection, fanciful fear, fear of pain, fear of death, and fear of dishonour. SEX-DRIVE
Sexual emotions are three in number. Two of them, viz., male sex and female sex are quite familiar. The third sex is a mixture of the two. It is the strongest sex-drive according to the Jaina theory of sex. It includes both homosexuality and heterosexuality and is not of the nature of frigidity or impotency. CO-EXISTENCE OF EMOTIONS
Regarding the co-existence of various emotions, we have to state only this much that the different combinations recognized by the Jaina thinkers are not agreeable to us. It is our definite opinion that in any case no two conscious activities can synchronise. Neither two cognitions nor two feelings nor two volitions can occur at the same moment. At a particular moment we are conscious of one and one event only. The moment our conscious activity is drawn towards another event the previous one automatically extinguishes. Hence, it is an impossibility to attend more than one emotion at a particular time. VARIETIES OF ATTITUDE
As regards differences of emotion, attitude, and activity, the Jaina doctrine of karma prescribes six varieties. These varieties of individual differences are very helpful in understanding the nature of human behaviour. It is all due to the varying degrees of the effects of karma. The Uttarādhyayana-sūtra deals with these varieties elaborately. It mentions eleven standpoints: name, colour, taste,
