Jain Journal 1996 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 16

114
JAIN JOURNAL: Vol-XXX, No. 4. April 1996
forms are not very much regular in Pkt. they are the later tendencies and these have crept into the manuscripts by the copyists who were perhaps influenced by their knowledge of Sanskrit as it is done today.
In Skt. dramas, of course, the form bhodi is more frequent than hodi, even though they are more or less used side by side.
In the Satkhaṇḍāgama we do not come across very often bhodi or hodi, but in the commentary, the form bhodi is more conspicuous than the form hodi. However, unless a statistical account is made we are not sure whether bhodi supersedes the hodi. In the Kasayapāhuḍa the forms hodi, havadi and homti (pl) are found. To me it seems that they are not regular forms in Sauraseni.
Here perhaps a comment on the forms of hodi, bhuvadi, havadi is necessary. The inclusion of these forms by Hemacandra seems to be historical rather than a genuine characteristic feature of Śau. We have come to this conclusion on the basis of the fact that these forms are also
available in Mg. Śau. being a language in the midland, it has perhaps influenced Mg. as well. While, on the contrary, these forms have come down to us from the influence of Mah. as well. As Hemacandra has made a special sūtra for the root √bhū which becomes bha (bhuvo bhaḥ IV. 269) in Śau., it appears that if that is not the dominant feature of Śau., Hemacandra could not have made this sūtra at all. The optional forms based on hu is in a sense a loan from Mah. However, my main intention of mentioning this is to emphasize this point that the genuine Śau. form of the root √bhū would be bho with usual suffixes. As in the Satkhandagama as well as its Dhavala the occurrence of the form bho, bhodi etc. is found side by side with ho, hodi, the Satkhanḍāgama and Dhavala have also the features of Sauraseni.
That in the initial position Śau. retains the sound bh is also proved by the fact that the words bhavat and bhagavat also become bhavam and bhagavam in Śau (bhavad-bhagavatoḥ, IV. 265) where Hemacandra has not suggested any other alternative forms with havam as in the case with the root √bhū. So all these points lead us to this conclusion that in Śau. the retention of initial bh, particularly in the root √bhū, is more logical and historical than the other forms with hu or ho.
(v) Changes of ry to yy
According to Hemacandra (IV.266), in Śau. ry is optionally changed to yy, and naturally the usual change of ry to jj is also found in Śau. e.g. ārya ayya, also ajja, kārya> kayya, kajja, sūrya suyya, sujja.