Jain Journal 1996 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 32

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anusvāra], "vi [after vowels] for api; "dāņim (idānīm). At the beginning of the sentence avi resp. stands idānīm.
aya becomes e in verb forms as in nedu3 (nayatu); M. kahei, Mg. kadhedi (kathayati); ava becomes o: odaradi [9] (avatarati); M. oāra (avatāra); Mg. odala (avatara), onomāliā (navamālikā); *bhodi M. hoi (bhavati).
JAIN JOURNAL VOL-XXX No. 4, April 1996
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A long vowel in a closed syllable becomes shortened: kavva (kāvya); "gimha (griṣma); mamsa (māmsa); also in cases like "puttāṇam (putrāṇām), mālam (mālām) sahim (sakhim). Just as e and o before double consonants – jěvva, jõvvaṇa (eva, yauvana) · -as also before kkhu (=khalu) and tti(=iti); for ex, asamaě kkhu (asamaye khalu), mahanto [Mg. mahante] kkhu (mahantaḥ khalu), bamhanotti (brāhmaṇa iti). Besides, there is khu after anusvāra and *kkhu after a short vowel: mā khu (mā khalu), kim khu, M. tam khu (tat khalu); na kkhu (na khalu). In M. after all vowels khu becomes hu: na hu, mā hu, ko hu; but Mg. sě kkhu (sa khalu), āadā khu (āgatā khalu). tti also stands after short and long vowels: esa tti (eṣā iti), duhida tti (duhitā iti), Kandappakeli tti (Kandarpakeli iti); ti stands after anusvāra : kim ti (kim iti). Like that in M.
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eva after short vowels and e, o (which then become shortened) becomes jjeva or jjěvva, Mg. yyěvva; other long vowels remain retained; jěvva or jeva stands after ansusvāra : for ex. ajjassa jjěvva (āryasya eva); idha jjeva (iha eva), muhě jjeva (mukhe eva), idõ jjěvva (ito eva); tadhā jeva (tathā eva), devi jeva (devi eva), tam jĕvva [jeva] (tam eva). Mg. mama yyěvva (mama eva), damsaantě yyěvva (darśayanto [=darśayann] eva), disanti yěvva (dṛśyamānaiva).
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3. Sandhi Rules. In compositions similar vowels as in Sanskrit become contracted; so a a+a a become °*ā, i, i+i i become °*i; u ū+u ū become ū, whereby before consonant group or double consonants there must, happen shortening: jammantare (janmāntare). -- a ă + a dissimilar vowel gives rise, as in Sanskrit the guna of the second vowel: 'mahesi from mahā + isi (=maharși). One takes note of cases like M. gaïnda (gajendra), narinda; Mg. nalinda (narendra); 'mahinda (mahendra), niluppale (nilotpala) 'mahusava (mahotsava)
ii u ūremain unchanged before a dissimilar vowel as a Rule[10]: santiudaa (sāntyudaka), Uvvasiakkhara (Urvasyakṣara), M. rattiandhaa (rātryandhaka).
Udvṛtta-vowels i.e. such as remain left after the fall of consonants, do not admit of any further change: jaï (yadi), not je; ogaa (gaja), not gā!
Inside of sentences the final and the initial vowels usually remain
3. But jaadu (jayatu): see § 26, 1. paragraph.