Jain Journal 1996 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 30

128
JAIN JOURNAL: VOL-XXX No. 4, April 1996
For the examples, it is to be noted that almost always only the actually recorded ones have been admitted, above denotes that the concerned word so runs in Māhārāṣṭi also, as in Śauraseni, while *indicates agreement with Māgadhi. M. and Mg. are abbreviations for Māhārāṣṭri (the language of Mahārāṣṭra, the Marhatta country of today) resp. for Magadhi, the language of Magadha, Ś for Śauraseni. When the sign will be occasionally used for a marker of abbreviation, it will be always clear from the context, what is meant. The same is valid for *which is sometimes added to Sanskrit forms in order to inform [6] an apparent equivalent form though not the expected one; for ex. naia (*nayiya=nitvā). Forms which do not have any supplement (Ś, M or Mg.) are Śauraseni; where several examples from one dialect are given, these are separated by commas, while a semicolon separates dialects. Thus ṇāgadā, M ṇāgaā (nāgatā); necchadi etc., means that nagada the Sauraseni form, nagaa is that of Māhārāṣṭrī; necchadi is then again Sauraseni.
Somewhat more than an elementary knowledge of Sanskrit is presumed. The Indian grammarians also do that -- those who have written on Prakrit which is only reasonable.
prakṛtiḥ samskṛtam; tatra bhavam Prākṛtam ucyate.
Münster W., 24, Sept. 1914 (may it be so)
PHONOLOGY
[7] 1. Śauraseni, the language of Śurasena with its capital at Mathura, has the sound repertory of Sanskrit, lacking, however, in ṛ, ṛ, l, ai, au, simple n, and further y, ś, ș, has also the single voiceless consonants. [Likewise in M, Mg. though Mg. has y resp. yy at the beginning of words, retains s in resp. changed from s and s into ś, and instead of r there stands 1 throughout].
Richard Schmidt.
r becomes a for ex. in tana (tṛṇa), M. ghaa, kaa (ghṛta, kṛta); most frequently becomes i; *ghida, *kida, kisa, *giddha, 'diṭṭhi, siāla, °*hiaa (ghṛta kṛta, kṛśa, gṛddhra, dṛṣṭi, śṛgāla, hṛdaya); particularly after labials it becomes u: nihuda M. nihua (nibhṛta); nivvuda, M. nivvua (nirvṛta); pucchadi, M. pucchai, Mg. puścadi, (pṛcchati); °muṇāla (mṛṇāla); mudanga, M. muinga Mg. midanga (mṛdanga); vuttanta (vṛttänta). Similarly before the suffix ka in jāmādua, M. jāmāua (jāmātṛka); bhādua (bhrātṛka).
Initial becomes either ri as in 'riddhi (ṛddhi), °rikkha (ṛkṣa), risi [Mg. lisi (rşi) beside isi: mahesi, rãesi (maharṣi rājarși) or u: udu, M. uu (ṛtu); ujju (ṛju).