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OCTOBER, 1885.)
CHINGHIZ KHAN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
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(i.e., Ho-kiu-yen in the district of Tai-yuen- fu in Shan-si) and Yen-chau in the southern part of Shan-tung), and gained a victory in which the Kin general Uyen Weiku was killed. Two months later Mu-khu-li secured Lan-chan and Kiang-chau, but he failed to capture Ho-chong-fu, which resisted all his efforts.
Hitherto we are told the Mongols had waged war mercilessly, and their officers had permitted the greatest atrocities. Shi-tian-ni, a Chinese, who served among them, having gained considerable influence over Mu-khu-li, urged upon him that this method of waging war made the Mongol name to be detested, and made people dread to become their subjects. Mu-khu-li, having listened to this counsel, published everywhere a strong prohibition of pillage and slaughter, and also ordered all his prisoners to be released, so that they could return home and work in the fields. This clemency produced a good effect and caused wide-spread gratification.
In the eighth month of 1220 Mo-khu-li, who had gone towards Moan-ching, sent three thousand horsemen under a Mongol named Monku- puhos to capture Tao-ma-kuan, one of the mountain fortresses of Pe'chihli. This general having defeated a body of Kin troops, Wu-sien, who commanded at Ching-ting-fu, and who had gown weary of resisting the invaders, made his peace with them and surrendered that important town." Wu-sien was now appointed deputy governor of the western division of Hope, with the Chinese general Shi-tian-ni, already named, as his colleague. Shi-tian-ni had joined the Mongol service on the occasion of the first invasion of China. His father, who was a native of Yung-tsing, having noticed that the invaders spared the districts where they were not resisted, went with a large number of people in 1213 and submitted to Mu-khu-li, who was then encamped near Chochau, a few leagues to the south-west of Peking. Mu-khu-li wished to make him commander of a tuman, and on his refusal he gave the post to his son Shi-tian-ni."
The Kin Emperor Utubu now determined
to again open negociations for peace. He sent Ukulun Chong-tuan with an offer to recognize Chinghiz Khan as his elder brother and to behave towards him as a younger brother. Mu-khu-li replied that some time before the Mongols had asked him to cede to them the countries of Ho and Sa, promising on this condition to suspend hostilities. This offer had been rejected. "Now," he continued, " that we have conquered these countries and there only remain some towns of Kwang.si which are not ours, if you will surrender them we will recognize you as Prince of Ho-non." This offer was rejected," and Mu-khu-li marched upon Shan-tung. Yan-slii, who commanded in Chang-te-fu and in seven other districts in the south of Pe'chihli, in the portion of Ho-nan north of the Yellow River and the province of Shan-tung, submitted to him. De Mailla says he controlled 3 towns of the first order, and 6 of the second, with 300,000 families. Mu-khu-li duly confirmed him in his post. He then secured Tsi-nan-fu, the capital of Shan-tang."
The Kin Emperor had appointed a vigorous man named Su-ting as his chief minister in the place of the disgraced Kaoki. He speedily raised an immense army in Shan-tung, which prevented the Sung Emperor and the king of His from joining in an attack upon the province of Shen-si. The Kin army in Shan-tung was encamped at Hoang-lingkang, and its general detached 20,000 footsoldiers to attack Ma-khu-li in the neighbourhood of Tsi-nan, who defeated his asailants, and then assailed in turn the main army of the Kin, which was ranged on the southern bank of the Yellow River in the district of Tsao-chau-fu. He dismounted his cavalry and attacked the enemy sword in hand, broke their ranks and drove many of them into the river, where a vast number of them were drowned. He then advanced upon Chou-kieou, which he captared, and passing by Shen-chau laid siege to Tong-ping in Shan-tung (called Tong-chang-fu by Gaubil). This place offered a stubborn resistance, so after besieging it for a month he left a small force to blockade it
1s De Mailla, Vol. IX. Pp. 92 and 93 ; Ganbil, p. 45.
10 i.e., of the country north of the river, by which the district north of the Yellow River is generally meant, I but here apparently the northern part of Pe chihli is alone included in the term.
* D'Ohsson, Vol. I. p. 361 ; Douglas, p. 89. 1 D'Ohsson, Vol. I. p. 361. » Do Mailla, Vol. IX. pp. 93, 94. * D'Ohsson, Vol. I. Pp. 362-3 ; De Mailla, Vol. IX.
p. 94.
