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OCTOBER, 1885.]
CHINGHIZ KHAN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
267
CHINGHIZ KHAN AND HIS ANCESTORS.
BY HENRY H. HOWORTH, F.S.A.
(continued from p. 179.) XXXI.
tribute, and accordingly in 1217 & Kin When Chinghiz Khân retired from China he army crossed the Hoai, captured several towns, deputed his most trusted general Mu-khu-li to and ravaged the country. Hearing that the complete the conquest of the Kin Empire. "I Mongols were again in motion Utubu repented have conquered," he said, "the Chinese pro- this movement, and sent envoys to the Sung vinces north of the Tai-hang Mountains. It is for Emperor, to propose an alliance against the you to subdue the country south of that chain." invaders. This the latter, who knew his And he invested him with a golden paizah, enemy's embarrassment, naturally refused to or official tablet, which constituted him his entertain. vicegerent in China. Douglas says he gave Setting out from Yen-king, or Peking, in him a chariot and a banner of nine pennons. He 1218 Mu-khu-li marched upon the towns of also commanded that the same honours were Sui-ching and Li-chau. The latter resisted to be paid to him as to himself. Maps of China bravely, and in consequence he would have were ordered to be prepared by hing-shing, slaughtered its inhabitants, but Chao-tien, one or surveyors, preparatory to the new campaign. of his officers, who was born there, and whose
Mu-kho-li set out with 23,000 Mongols and family was inside, threw himself at his feet Turks, viz., 10,000 Onguts, 1,000 Kushikuls (?), and in tears offered his own life to redeem the 4,000 Uruts, 2,000, Inkirasses under Tutu place. Mu-khu-li, touched by this, pardoned Gurkan, 1,000 Mangkuts under Munkaka it. He then marched eastwards and succesKaljah, 3,000 Kunkurats under Alji Noyan, and sively captured the towns of Tsi-nan, Lin-tsi, 2,000 Jelairs under Thalisun the brother of Teng-chau, and Lai-chau. Douglas tells us Mu-khu-li, together with two divisionsof Khitans that he conquered Ta-ming-fu, Tung-chau and and Churchis, commanded respectively by two Ting-chau in Chih-li and Etu-chau, Litsil. generals belonging to the two nations, called chau, Tang-chau and Lai-chan in Shan-tung, Oyar 'and Tughan, who both received the and also secured the cities of Mien-ching, Lu title of leaders of tumans, i.e. of 10,000, which, and Me. The losses among the Kin generals in Chinese, is wang-shai."
from death and desertion were numerous." D'Ohsson says that after Chinghiz Khan's The most important event of the campaign withdrawal most of the positions he had con- was undoubtedly the capture of Ta-yuan-fu, quered had been reoccupied and fortified by the capital of Shan-si. This important capital the Kin troops, and the Mongols in fact only was then governed on behalf of the Kin retained Chung-tu and the northern borders by Ukulan-t'eshing, and he defended it of Pe'chihli and Shan-si. Meanwhile the im- skilfully. The Mongols pressed their attack prudent Kin Emperor Utubu quarrelled with chiefly against the north-west bastion, which his southern neighbour, the Sung Emperor, they at length forced. Still the place held out. who ruled the country south of the river Hoai in Ukulun-te'shing then made a barricade with Ho-nan, with his capital at Hang-chan, the chief a number of carts bound together, behind town of Che'kiang. The latter had seized the which he sustained three assaults, but evenopportunity of the Mongol attack to refuse to tually the Mongols poured in such a shower of pay the tribute, which had been hitherto stones and arrows that the garrison was exacted from him by the Kin ruler; and Utubu obliged to surrender. Its brave commander was now persuaded by his prime minister hanged himself. Chuku-kaoki to send an army to exact this Ping-yang, which had a weak garrison, was Erdmann gaya Uirata.
Douglas, op. cit. pp. 84 and 85. De Mailla, Vol. IX. pp. 79 and 80: Gaubil, p. 82; . The Kang-mu tells us that Mu-khu-li, having con. Erdmann, p.834; D'Ohsson, Vol. I. p. 162; Douglas, p. 84. quered the towns of Yen, i.e. of the provinces of Chih-li 3 D'Ohason, Vol. I. p. 855.
and Shan-tang, marched towards Tai-ho-ling, south-east • The modern Gan-su-hien.
of Ms-i-hien of Tai-tong-fu, and having entered the $1.6. Li-hien in the district of Pao-ting-fu in district called Ho-tong he secured the towns of Tai-chau Pe'chihli.
and Teih-chau, whence he proceeded to attack Tai-yuan. • De Mailla, Vol. IX. pp. 80 and 81.
De Mailla, Vol. IX. pp. 82-83.
