Harmless Soul

Author(s): W J Johnson, Dayanand Bhargav
Publisher: Motilal Banarasidas

Page 21

Early Jainism 7 Dixit speculates that this formulation of the characteristic behaviour of the evil-doer went through a . series of changes in the following manner.14 In the first formulation, the evil-doer either:
1) commits a particular (evil) act, or 2) has it committed by someone else, or 3) approves of (or allows?) an (evil) act when it is
committed by someone else.
In the second formulation, the evil-doer commits an (evil) act either:
1) through body - he does it himself, or 2) through speech - he employs an agent to do it, or 3) through mind - he approves of an (evil) act when it is
committed by another.
The relationship between the two formulations was, according to Dixit, eventually 'forgotten', and it became 'customary to speak of a triple evil act committed in a triple manner'.15 That is to say, an (evil) act committed through:
- by oneself 1) body - by one's agent
- by someone else with one's approval (This corresponds to the second formulation in its entirety.)
- by oneself 2) speech - by one's agent
- by someone else with one's approval
hanamtam vānujāņāi veram vaddhei appaņo || Sūy. 1.1.1.3.|| Bollée's edition, 1977. Tieken 1986, p. 12 ff., offers a different interpretation of this; cf. Bollée's trans., 1977, p. 54. Bollée also gives an alternative translation for veram vaddhei appano - 'his "sin" increases'. Cf. Āy. 1.1.1.5.
14 Dixit 1978, p. 88. 15 Ibid.