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I, 47.
to increase it, and to enjoy it: these are, successively, the three sorts of activity in regard to wealth.
44. Again, wealth is of three kinds : white, spotted, and black. Each of these (three) kinds has seven subdivisions.
DEBTS; PROPERTY.
53
* 45. White wealth is (of the following seven sorts): what is acquired by sacred knowledge, valour in arms, the practice of austerities, with a maiden, through (instructing) a pupil, by sacrificing, and by inheritance. The gain to be derived from exerting oneself to acquire it is of the same description.
*46. Spotted wealth is (of the following seven sorts) what is acquired by lending money at interest, tillage, commerce, in the shape of Sulka, by artistic performances, by servile attendance, or as a return for a benefit conferred on some one.
* 47. Black wealth is (of the following seven
&c.; increase, through agriculture, lending at interest, trading, and other modes of acquisition; enjoyment of terrestrial and celestial pleasures. A.
44-54. Vishnu, chapter LVIII.
45. What is acquired by sacred knowledge,' i.e. the gains of sacred study. What is gained by the practice of austerities,' i. e. by one who duly performs greater and minor observances, optional and regular rites, and on whom worthy people bestow alms for that reason. What is received 'with a maiden,' i.e. as her marriage portion. The fruit derived from relinquishing white property is of the same kind, i. e. it is pure likewise. Thus A.
46. Commerce,' the sale of merchandise. 'Sulka,' the price obtained for giving a damsel in marriage, whether the transaction be lawful or otherwise. Artistic performances,' the art of painting or another art. 'Servile attendance,' waiting upon, and paying homage to, another man. Wealth obtained by one of these seven modes is called spotted, i. e. of a middling kind. A. Others explain the ambiguous term Sulka differently, as denoting tolls, or a fare for crossing a river, &c.
47. Gambling,' with dice or otherwise. One afflicted with
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