________________
402
VEDANTA-SUTRAS.
who maintain that everything, external as well as internal, is real. What is external is either element (bhûta) or elementary (bhautika); what is internal is either mind (kitta) or mental (kaitta). The elements are earth, water, and so on; elemental are colour, &c. on the one hand, and the eye and the other sense-organs on the other hand. Earth and the other three elements arise from the aggregation of the four different kinds of atoms; the atoms of earth being hard, those of water viscid, those of fire hot, those of air mobile.-The inward world consists of the five so-called 'groups' (skandha), the group of sensation (rûpaskandha), the group of knowledge (vigñânaskandha), the group of feeling (vedanâskandha), the group of verbal knowledge (samgñâskandha), and the group of impressions (samskâraskandha)1; which
pratîtisiddhasya katham sûnyatvam vaktum sakyam ato gñânavad vâhyârtho-pi satya ity ukte tarhi tathaiva so stu, param tu so numeyo na tu pratyaksha ity ukte tathângîkrityaivam sishyamatim anusritya kiyatparyantam sûtram bhavishyatîti taih prishtam atas te sautrântikâh. Anye punar yady ayam ghala iti pratîtibalâd vâhyo rtha upeyate tarhi tasyâ eva pratîter aparokshatvât sa katham parokshox to vâhyo rtho na pratyaksha iti bhâshâ viruddhety âkshipann atas te vaibhâshikâh.
The rûpaskandha comprises the senses and their objects, colour, &c.; the sense-organs were above called bhautika, they here re-appear as kaittika on account of their connexion with thought. Their objects likewise are classed as kaittika in so far as they are perceived by the senses.-The vigñânaskandha comprises the series of self-cognitions (ahamaham ity âlayavigñânapravâhah), according to all commentators; and in addition, according to the Brahmavidyâbharana, the knowledge, determinate and indeterminate, of external things (savikalpakam nirvikalpakam ka pravrittivignânasamgñitam).—The vedanâskandha comprises pleasure, pain, &c. -The samgiâskandha comprises the cognition of things by their names (gaur asva ityâdisabdasamgalpitapratyayah, Ân. Gi.; gaur asva ilyevam nâmavisishtasavikalpakah pratyayah, Go. Ân.; samgñâ yagñadattâdipadatadullekhî savikalpapratyayo vâ, dvitîyapakshe vigiânapadena savikalpapratyayo na grâhyah, Brahmavidyâbh.). The samskâraskandha comprises passion, aversion, &c., dharma and adharma.-Compare also the Bhâmatî.—The vigñânaskandha is kitta, the other skandhas kaitta.
Digitized by Google
