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THEORETICAL PROBLEMS
Traditionally, ten atonements are enumerated :
payacchittam tu dasaviham (Uttar 30, 31).
They are given in a famous gatha' which figures in Vav Pith. Bh 53: aloyana 1 padikamane 2 misa 3 vivege 4 taha viussagge 5
tava 6 cheya 7 mula 8 anavaṭṭhaya 9 ya pārañcie 10 c'eva
(cf. the introductions to K, p. 12; Jiya, p. 1196, n. 1, ubi alia). The list is found again with a slight variation ((tad)ubhaya instead of misa), in Uvav '(30, I'), Jiya (4). They are called "confession, repentance, mixed, restitution, undisturbed abandonment (of the body), mortification, (partial) or radical (suppression) (of religious seniority), demotion, and exclusion".
P. 112
Some of these, it is true, seem more theoretical than real (K p. 15; Lehre § 161). This does not prevent the Digambaras, also, from counting, with some variations, ten expiations - which for the most part correspond to those of the Svetambaras.
payacchillam ti tavo jeņa visujjhadi hu puvva-kaya-pāvam payacchillam patto ti tena vuttam dasaviham tu
aloyana padikamanam ubhaya vivego taha viussaggo
tava chedo mūlam vi ya parihāro c'eva saddahaṇā (Mūlācāra 5, 164 f.). Confusions and re-arrangements probably occurred fairly soon. They led, for example, to a list like that of the Tattvartha : alocana-pratikramanatadubhaya-viveka-vyutsarga-tapaś-cheda-parihārôpasthāpanāni (9 articles, cf.
ZDMG 60, 538).
It will be sufficient here to confine ourselves to the more ancient list of ten expiations, as it is given by the Jiya, Uvav (cf. Deo, Jurisprudence 40).
The first two are quoted often and everywhere. The last four (which however are not mentioned in the non-disciplinary texts, even the canonical ones) are occasionally given in the most ancient disciplinary treatises (Kappa-, Vavahāra-, Nisīha-sutta, cf. Lehre § 161). They give some indications about the fifth (cf. K), but ignore the third and fourth.
As for the sixth (tava), it seems to have been substituted at a fairly early date for a more ancient one called parihara (infra).
The link uniting all these atonements is sometimes very loose and sometimes very close.
Some authorities dispute their total number and hold that the last two demotion" and "exclusion"-form a single atonement (Vav Pith T 36
