________________
101
::
on a religious who dormally lives within his company (according to the rule of the theras) – 'can' on the contrary be prescribed for the parihāriya.
Moreover, it so happens that the commentaries present the sixth as if it were the only atonement. The pupil asks how many prāgaścitias there are. Answer: an infinite number, if one considers the spirit, but a limited number, if one confines oneself to the sülia (that is to say to the Nisiha). Now this last enumerates, as the Bh T recall : 584 cases of parihāra of one month (alleviated or not); 1,368 cases of parihāra of four months. In all, then, there are 1,952 cases, all demanding exclusively the afore-mentioned penance (kiyanti khalu prājaściitāni ? ... arthato a parimitāni, sūtratah punar idam parimānam, Vav Ţ II 80 b - 81 a; cf. Bh 1, 223-2261.
When he submits himself to the sixth atonement, the religious is following, in several respects, the example of Mahāvira : first in being "isolated"
(although still among his companions, infra 171), and then - and the 120 commentaries often insist upon this - in not being bound for more than
six months to this sort of retreat. The maximum duration of the parihara does not indeed exceed that of the longest pedances which the Teacher has performed. Now Vardhamāna had performed penances for six months at the most (Rsabha for twelve months, the intermediate Tırtbamkara for eight months). This is the theoretical explanation of all the various kinds of abatements, reductions, indulgences and remissions allowed to the offender.
It will be seen in addition that the monk parihariya should carry to the second degree, if one can express it thus, respect for purity (infra 188). 1 Compare, in the following formulae, which mean practically the same, the use
of parihara, tapas, prāyascitta : tataḥ param ... parasinin şanmasika-parihira sthāne pratisevite .. ta eva sthitā) san māsā). tata ürdhyam asmin firthe aropanāyāk asambhavāt (T II 53 a II f.) yato 'smakam et hvad eva Bhagavatā Vardhamana-svamina tapo'rham prāyascitiam vyavasthāpitam ... (ibid II 97 a 1). san-māsāt parasya Bhagavad-Vardhamana-svāmi-tirthe tapo-dānasyasambhavāt (ibid III 16 6 5.) prāyascitta-mānam Jinais Tirthakydbhis frividham sodhikaram bhanitam, tad yatha: prathama-tarthakarasya dvadasa māsāh, madhyama-tirthakytām aşau māsāk, Vardha. māna-svāminah sakam san māsā: ito 'dhikam na diyate (ibid, II 79 a 11 ff.; compare I
III 1 69). 2 Cf. the preceding note. In addition, Pith 48 bl: uktam ca cūrngu : cham-māsana
param jam āvajjai tam chandijjai; Bh 1, 220; 278. The penances of the Saviour are given as a model of the sixth atonement when this is the parihāra (supra), and also when it is reduced to the tapas, as in the Jitakalpa : uczate, ila jitakalpo 'yam, yasya Tirthakarasya yarat-pramāram utkrslam tapal-karanan, rasya tirthe tavad eva sega-s dhūnām utky siatn prājascitta-danan. carama-tirthakarasya tu Bhagavato Vardhamana-svāmina utkrs, -lapah sänmasikam, tato 'sya tirthe sarvotky sam api prāyascitta-dānam san masà eveti ... (ibid, II 47 a 7 ff.).
