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The scale which "custom" has ratified constitutes the Jiyakappa, where the penalty is, very approximately, the same as in the Vav Puthika. This last thus allows one to get a general view of the relationship between transgressions and penances, as they were commonly admitted in relatively recent times. Here are some of the provisions which it has recorded.
In general, the most vecjal infraction must be confessed. The Puth occasionally exempts from the alojaņā wben ibe fault is sligbt, and on some occasions (7 21 b).
Evidently confession is credited with a primary educative value (cf. Mahānisiha 1, 63 f. *). It purified the imperfect religious (chaunalihassa [=chadmasthikasya] visohi, Jiya 5) and guided him.
In the course of the repentance, sorrow is expressed for faults against the three guptis and the five samitis - on conditon that they are simple (that is to say, that they have been con mitted thoughtlessly (sahasā-kärataḥ) and heedlessly (anabhogo vismsliḥ, Vav Pith Ţ 24 a 6; 7)) and that they have caused no harm to any creature. In addition, ope must confess bad bebaviour (pratitūpa-yoga), indifference to good manners, and transgressions
ich have unintentionally offended against the additional virtues (uttaraguna, infra) :
guttīsu ya samitīsu ja padiruvi-joge taha "pasatihe ya .'.:
vaikkame aņābhoge pāyacchitlam padikkamanam (Vav Pith. Bh 60). The “mixed" penance is imposed : if there is any doubt, when one bas acted thoughlessly, under the influence of fear or of a pbysical weakness, in time of calamity and, finally, when through simple heedlessness, one has offended against the fundamental vows :
sankie sahasāgāre bhay'āure avalīsu ja;
mahayvayâticāre ya ... (ibid 100). “Restitution” consists in giving back an alms which had been accepted in complete good faith, but which was impure (ibid 109 f.).
Kāusagga, the undisturbed abandonment of the body, must be practised
before, during and after the principal acts of the religious life, and in p. 123 various circumstances which might be considered perilous (ibid 111; infra
169). Its duration varies according to the case.
,
According to the Vav Pishikā, the sixth atonernent (lava, lapas) can last 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 days; or 1, 4 or 6 months, mitigated, or not. . The acts of the niggantha are analysed in their constituent elements and it is determined thus to what extent he has sinned or not. The typical example is that of the monk who picks up, or puts down, a stick, He is totally innocent if, for example, in taking hold of it or in laying it down,
