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p. 121
SAV.
4.
THE OFFENCES (paḍisevaṇā; pratisevană, fem., nt.).
The order adopted by the Jainas in describing the offences to be confessed and expiated varies according to the text. In certain circumstances (for example in confession), it is fixed and obligatory (infra). In the Mahānistha, the seventh lesson considers the faults which are likely to occur in conjunction with the various "obligations" (avassaya) which must be observed as the day progresses,
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21;
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P. 122
The treatises on discipline generally classify the transgressions according to the penances which they demand (supra), for the latter conform to the former and are closely linked to them:
padisevana vviya payacchittam.
(prāyaścittam pratisevana-rupam, Vav Pith Bh 52 b; Ţ 20 a 10).
It will be remembered that the penalty is, however, adapted to suit the offender (Vav Pith Ţ 60 a 13; cf. supra 92). The relative character of the sentence is commonly and variously expressed in the K, Vav. Sometimes the atonement is said to be "appropriate" aha'riham payacchittam (K 4, 25; Vav 6, 10 f.; 7, 1); sometimes the sterectype formulae insist on the cause-and-effect relationship: "in consequence, supression of seniority, or isolation", tap-pattiyam chee va parihāre vā (Vav 4, 13; 14; 6, 5); and again : "suppression of seniority, or the isolation, which result from it" (that is to say, they are proportional to the duration of the offence), se' s'antara chee va parihare va, expressed in skr. by svakṛtād antarāt ...... (K 2, 4-7; Vav 1, 21: 22 f.; 4, 11; 12; 15 f.; 5, 11; 12; var. se s’antara cheo và parihāro vā, Vau 3, 2).
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However, even in the treatises which are based on religious Tradition (suya), the total amount of the prescribed penance is occasionally stipulated in more positive form - K, Vau enjoin one month of parihara without mitigation (Vav, 6, 8); four months with mitigation (K 4, 11; 12); four heavy months (K 1, 38; 3, 34; 2, 18; 4, 9-10; 5, 1-4; 6–10; Vav 6, 9).
As for the Nistha - which, although it is later, itself follows the suya - it devotes nineteen of its twenty lessons to the enumeration of transgressions according to the various degrees of parihara which they entail. To review them would be tantamount to translating the treatise almost in its entirety.
Finally, the Vav Bh T constantly indicate, in connection with each infraction, the parihara which it necessitates (most often four heavy or light months).
Thus everything proceeds as if there existed a sort of scale of atonements,
