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guilty of faults committed under constraint. In such a case, it is of little importance whether or not he is conscious of his actions:
ceyaņam aceyaņam vā paratantattena do vi tullaim (Vav Bh 2, 139 a)
If he is physically deficient, or if he is possessed by a yakşa, or if he is manipulated by his family, he is considered to be under the control of others and his actions are considered to be independent of his own will. Thus he is obviously innocent, and will be just as innocent from a reli gious point of view: loko yo yatrânātmavasatayā pravartate tam tatra nirdosam abhimanyate, tato loke tatha-darśanatas tam api kāya-vyasana-hetum nirdosani abhimanyatām (T IV 35 a; Bh 2, 141), Actions done under constraint do not produce any karman (aphala), on condition, naturally, that one bas pot actively consented to them (asaijjamāne) (Bh 2, 322).
This question is debated at lepgth in the commentaries. The teacher
as that if a religious is, for example. suffering from a mental illness, his conduct is predetermined. He does not accumulate any karman and has therefore not bing to expiate: (kşi pta-citte caritram avasthitani ato nâsau prāyaścitta-bhāg ili, Ţ IV, 33 6 13; kşipta-cillasya rāga-dveşābhāvataḥ karmapacajābhāvaḥ, ibid, 34 a 12).
To illustrate his arguments, the teacher gives the example of the marionettel whose many actions are in fact caused by someone else and bring it no benefit:
kunamāņi vi ya cittha paralantă naţtiya bahuvihão kiriya-phalena jujjai na jahā, em eva evam pi
(yathā nartaki yantra-kāsţhamazi paratantra...) (Bh 2, 137). " P. 129 Tbis is the point of view maintained by the teacher against the codaka
and, naturally, he wins the argument (IV 33 b ff.).
Consequently, on the one hand, the companions of a religious who has lost his reason are required to guard him or to watch him closely, since there would be added to any penance which their negligence might earn them, the penances necessary to atone for the transgressions and crimes committed by the sick man (murders, arson, theft...) (T IV 30 b - 33 a), Moreover, they take extreme care, whatever their "commensality" (sambhoga), to avoid all possible faults when they receive or procure for bim food, ordinary objects, a bed, etc. (Bh 2, 130). .
On the other hand - and in spite of what some authorities say-when the unfortunate monk has regained the liberty of action which he had momentarily lost, ope must remember that he has sinned without either 1 Cliche ? Draupadi also uses the image of the marionette when she denounces "the
tyranny of the divinity" and deplores the creature's lack of liberty, Moh.3, 31, 22; cf. 36.
