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Äkäshästikäya (Space) - provides the space. There are two subtypes - Lokäkäsh & Alokäkäsh
Käl (Time) - assists in modes of Jivas and Pudgal
The term Astikäya as discussed earlier means aggregate of Pradesha.
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Pudgalästikäya (Matter):
Pudgal is made of Pud + Gal meaning Joining and disintegrating. Pudgal are matters and associated energy. Pudgal are constituted of atoms, which can be perceived by the senses (eye, nose, ear, touch and hearing and have sensory qualities). Karmic matters are also Pudgal. Body, bones, flesh, mental organs, speech, light, and darkness are Pudgal. There are infinite Pudgal in Lokäkäsh. Pudgal has the four properties of color (Varna), taste (Rasa), smell (Gandha), and a kind of palpability (Sparsha, touch). These qualities vary from time to time; for example, a red color being replaced by blue, or a sweet taste by bitter. Body and sense organs are also Pudgal. Out of the six substances, only Pudgals are Rupi (visible); they have form. Other substances are formless; they are invisible.
There are four forms of Pudgal (matter):
• Skandha (whole mass): Any object which is a mass of matter can be called Skandha, e.g., stick, stone, knife, a particle of sand
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Desha (portion of mass): Desha means a part, portion, or division. When a part of the Skandha (Skandha Desha) is separated from the whole, it becomes another Skandha. A hand of a statue when undetached is known as a Desha but when separated from the statue is known as Skandha.
Pradesha (smallest part of matter): The smallest undetached portion (atom/ Paramänu) of Skandha, which cannot be further divided, is called Pradesha.
Associations of Soul and Matter:
Due to the close association with matter (pudgal), Jiva possesses one or more of the five senses (Indriya) Touch, Taste, Smell, Sight and Hearing, along with one or more of the three forces (Bal) of thought, speech and body, life (Äyu) and respiration (Anäpan).
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Paramänu (atom): When the smallest portion of matter is separated from its Skandha, it is called Paramänu. Paramänu cannot be further subdivided, cut, or pierced. Karmic matter is one of the categories of Pudgal. Karmic particles are of the finest matter and not perceptible to the senses. The entire universe is filled with karmic matter.
Also all living beings have Paryäpti (Bio-Potential power), which is a special power through which the Jiva takes in matter (Pudgal) like food and converts it into different kinds of bio-potential power. They are developed since the conception and used during the lifetime. There are six kinds of Paryäptis; Ähär (food), Sharira (body), Indriya (senses), Shväsoshväs (respiration), Bhäshä (speech), and Mana (mind). Präna means Life force, Paryäpti is the reason and Präna is the result. Depending upon the development of the Jiva, there are up to ten kinds of Pränas present in each Jiva. (Touch, Taste, Smell, Vision, Hearing, Respiration, Body, Speech, Mind, and Duration of life). We can say one is living as long as one has Pränas.
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Five Sharira (Bodies):
Every worldly soul possess body. The body is made from various particles of matter. Jain literature defines that there exist five different types of body as follows:
• Audärika body: Gross visible body like body of living beings, earth, sun, moon etc.
Vaikriya body: Protean or changeable body is with super natural powers found in celestial and hellish beings.
Ähäraka body: Conveyance body is transportable and invisible, such a body is acquired by an ascetic endowed with self-restraint and achieved high levels of spiritual stage.
JAIN PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE - 2
