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Kubja-samsthäna Näm-karma makes the body hunchbacked, i.e. hands, feet, head and neck symmetrical but breast and belly unsymmetrical. Vämana-samsthäna Näm-karma makes the body dwarf, i.e. breast and belly symmetrical, hands,
feet etc. unsymmetrical. • Hundak-samsthäna Näm-karma makes the entire body unsymmetrical. The conception of symmetry is explained in the following way. Imagine a man sitting in the Paryanka posture, i.e. crossing the legs and placing the hands over the navel. If straight lines are drawn across the two knees, from the right shoulder to the left knee, from the left shoulder to the right knee, and from the forehead to the hands, one gets four lines. If these are equal to one another, symmetry is apparent; if they are not so, one of the other five Samsthäna results. Heavenly beings have only the first, infernal beings and Jivas who have been produced through coagulation only the 6th figure and in the case of animal, and human beings including Kevalis all 6 Samsthänas are to be found. Colors (Varna) Five
Krishna-varna Näm-karma gives a color that is black like a raja - patta diamond. • Neel-varna Näm-karma gives a color that is dark, blue green, like an emerald. • Lohita-varna Näm-karma gives a color that is red like vermilion. • Haridra-varna Näm-karma gives a color that is yellow like turmeric.
• Sita-varna Näm-karma gives a color that is white, like a shell. Other colors, such as brown etc. are produced by mixing.
Odors (Gandha) Two
• Surabhi-gandha Näm-karma produces pleasant odors (e.g. that of camphor, rose).
• Durabhi-gandha Näm-karma produces unpleasant odors (e.g. that of garlic). Tastes (Rasa) Five
Tikta-rasa Näm-karma gives a bitter taste (like that of the Nimba fruit). • Katu-rasa Näm-karma gives a pungent taste (like that of ginger). • Kashäya-rasa Näm-karma gives an astringent taste (like that of Bibhitaka). • Ämla-rasa Näm-karma gives a sour taste (like that of tamarind).
• Madhura-rasa Näm-karma gives a sweet taste (like that of sugar). The salt taste is produced by a combination of sweet taste with another. Bitter and pungent tastes are considered unpleasant, the others pleasant. Touches (Sparsha) Eight • Guru-sparsha Näm-karma causes a body to be heavy like an iron ball.
Laghu-sparsha Näm-karma causes a body to be light like motes in a sunbeam. Mridu-sparsha Näm-karma causes a body to be smooth like a tendril. Khara-sparsha Näm-karma causes a body to be rough like stone. Shita-sparsha Näm-karma causes a body to be cold like snow.
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