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endurance power. By developing physical endurance power, Jiva is enabled to tolerate the bodily inconveniences with equanimity. There are several ways one can practice the austerity of Käya-klesha:
⚫ Location: This involves practicing Sädhanä while standing.
Yogic posture (Äsana): This involves practicing various yogic postures such as Virtäsan, Vajräsan (diamond posture), Padmäsan (lotus posture), etc.
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Shayan (in lying down position): This involves practicing Käyotsarga (total relaxation by experiencing that body and soul are separate) while lying down on the left or right side.
Ätäpana: This requires standing steadily while facing the sun.
Aprävarana: This means tolerating cold, specially, in the winter season, without any or with few clothes on.
Sharira Parikarma Parityäg: This involves not tending to external appearance of the body. Pratisanlinatä (Controlling of Senses):
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Ordinarily, we use our senses to satisfy our external needs and that is supposed to give happiness. Pratisanlinatä involves restraining the senses from external happiness and diverts their use for spiritual uplift. To control the sensory desires is also Pratisanlinatä. As regard to sensory things, not to see them by eyes, not to hear them by ears, not to smell them by nose, not to taste them by tongue, and not to touch them by skin is called controlling of senses - Pratisanlinatä. One should not develop a possessive attitude to what he sees, to what he listens, to what he smells, to what he tastes and to what he touches. Sense organs are better utilized if they are used for spiritual purposes.
Tapasyäs (Common External Austerities):
Navakärashi
Porisi
Sädha-porisi
Purimuddha
Avadhdha
Biyäsan
Ekäsan
Ayambil
Upaväs
Tivihär Upaväs Chauvihär Upaväs
Tivihär
Chauvihär
Attham
Atthai
Mäsakshaman
One must take food and water forty-eight minutes after sunrise.
Taking food and water three hours after sunrise
Taking food and water four hours and thirty minutes after sunrise
Taking food and water six hours after sunrise
Taking food and water eight hours after sunrise
Taking food twice a day
Taking food only once
Taking bland food only once. The food should not have any taste or spices and should be boiled or cooked. In addition, one shall not take milk, curds, sugar, sweets, ghee, oil, fruits, and vegetables.
One must not take any food for almost thirty-six hours starting from sunset on the previous day to sunrise on the succeeding day.
One may drink only boiled water during Upaväs.
One does not even take water during the Upaväs.
After sunset no food or juice shall be taken, but one may take only water before going to bed.
After sunset no food or water is taken until sunrise the next day.
Upaväs for three consecutive days
Upaväs for eight consecutive days Consecutive Upaväs for one month
JAIN PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE - 2
