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there are some minor differences in the exact classification. The following examples will illustrate the two categories:
Ghäti Karma
Kinds or Karma
Knowledge obscuring (Jnänävaraniya)
Perception obscuring NIL (Darshanävaraniya)
Deluding (Mohaniya)
Aghäti Karma
202
Obstructing (Antaräya) NIL
Kinds or Karma
Feeling pertaining (Vedaniya)
Virtuous or Shubha nature
NIL
Physique Determining (Näm)
Status (Gotra) Life Span (Äyu)
Faith deluding (Samyaktva) Laughter (Häsya) Attraction (Rati)
Masculine (Purusha-ved)
Virtuous or Shubha nature Pleasure producing (Shätä Vedaniya)
As stated earlier virtuous Physique Karma includes those categories out of 93 subcategories of this Karma which makes for happiness and satisfaction of the being
Example of virtuous Nämkarma - Celestial and human states of existence
High status (Uchcha)
Heavenly life span
Human life span Animal life span
Non-virtuous or Ashubha nature All five subtypes
All the nine subtypes
All other twenty four subtypes (Note - All 28 subtypes are considered non-virtuous by some scholars)
All five types
Non-virtuous or Ashubha nature Displeasure producing (Ashätä Vedaniya)
The others are non-virtuous or Ashubha categories.
Example - Animal and inferior states fall into non-virtuous group of Näm-karma categories.
Low status (Neech) Hell life span
It may be added that when Karma Bondage occurs it is not compartmentalized in purely happy or purely unhappy types of Bondage. It is combined accruals of Karma into the soul but the categorizations in happy (Shubha or Punya) or unhappy (Ashubha or Päp) types of Bondage are determined by the predominant nature of the Karma bondage. It further depends on the degree of actions (Yoga) and passions (Kashaya) in the soul at that time. If the yoga is Shubha or good and Kashaya is also subdued, the Bondage occurring will be of a happy or Shubha category of Karma, while in the opposite conditions it will be unhappy or Ashubha Bondage.
This distinction and discussion is important, as misunderstanding of this subject has resulted in confusion, controversies and even schism in the Jain philosophy. The happy or Shubha Karma or Punya, though a bondage of the soul, cannot be shunned, but is generally preferable to the unhappy or Ashubha Karma or
JAIN PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICE - 2
