Luptpray Aadikalin Jain Tattvagyanna Gudh Sanketo

Author(s): Bansidhar Bhatt
Publisher: Bansidhar Bhatt
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/249691/1

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luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tatvajJAnanA gUDha saMkto* (jaina AgamonuM aitihAsika vizleSaNa) baMsIdhara bhaTTa prAstAvika : bhAratano prAcIna vaidika dharma ane I.sa. pUrve Azare cothI sadIthI astitvamAM AvelA jaina ane bauddha dharmo, A traNe dharmonI vicArasaraNImAM kyAM paraspara sAmya maLI Ave che ane kyAM, konI, konA para kaI rIte asara thavA pAmI che te viSe chellI eka sadIthI lagabhaga 50-60 vidvAnonAM nAnAM moTAM 70-80 saMzodhano prasiddha thayAM che. AvA saMzodhana-sAhityanA itihAsanI rUparekhAno kAMI paricaya ApavAnuM ahIM Avazyaka nathI. paraMtu, jaina-jainetara dharmomAM samaviSamatA darzAvavA ke jaina dharmanA AdikALanI vicArasaraNI prakAzamAM lAvavA pAchaLa AmAMnA keTalAka mukhya vidvAnonuM kayuM agatyanuM dRSTibiMdu hatuM te ahIM saMkSepamAM spaSTa karavuM Avazyaka che. 1885 mAM enTra laoNyamAne jaina AgamomAMthI - rAjakanImAMthI pAyAsI-kathA ane jJAtAdharmakathAmAMthI draupadI-kuSNanI kathAo, tema ja suryaprajJaptimAMthI jyotiSazAstra ane aprApya bAramA aMga daSTivAdanI kAlpanika viSayAnukramaNImAMthI taMtrazAstra vagere viSayavastunI samAnatA brAhmaNa paraMparAnAM kayAM zAstromAM maLI Ave che te jaNAvyuM. 1902 mAM epha. oTTo zrADare prAcIna jaina ane bauddha sAhityamAM maLI AvatA kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, ajJAnavAda, vinayavAda, jevA viSayo viSe carcA karatAM prasaMgopAtta brAhmaNa paraMparAnA sAhityamAM maLI AvatA te te viSayonA keTalAka vicAro sAthe sAmya darzAvyuM. 1915 mAM heramAna olvenabarge upaniSadonA ane bauddhonA vicAronI je tulanA karI che te jaina vicArasaraNI mATe eTalI ja AvakAradAyaka thaI paDI che. 1935 mAM e.ema. ghATagee jaina AgamomAM uttarAdhyayana, upAsakadazA, bhagavatI (vyAkhyAprajJapti), jJAtAdharmakathA vageremAM, ane bauddha sAhityamAM tathA jAtakakathAomAM maLI AvatI samAnatA viSe lekha lakhyo, ane jaina AgamonAM vRttAMto jAtakakathAo karatAMya prAcIna ane maulika che tema jaNAvyuM. ahIM ghATagee jAle zArapenTIaranI (1922) uttarAdhyayananI AvRttino upayoga karyo hovA chatAM paNa, uttarAdhyayananAM Adi-mULa jainetara jAtakakathAomAM rahyAM che tevuM puravAra karatI zArapenTIaranI saMzodhana prakriyAmAM kayAM doSa rahI gayo che te (ghATagee) darzAvyuM paNa nathI ane AgaLa saMzodhana paNa karyuM nathI, tathA zArapenTIare keTalIka jAtakathAonI ane bauddhagraMthonI, to keTalIka uttarAdhyayananI gAthAomAM aneka rIte sAmya darzAvyAM che te bAbate koI ullekha karyo nathI ! 1957 mAM goviMda caMdra pAMDenI studies in the Origins and History of Buddhism nAme eka kRti prakAzita thaI. bhAratIya vidvAnone tenA viSayavastanAM vivecana eTalAM AkarSaka thaI paDayAM ke tenI 1974 mAM bIjI ane 1983 mAM trIjI AvRtti prasiddhimAM AvI. A kRtimAM pAMDee vaidika ane jaina-bauddha vicAromAM jaNAtI samaviSamatA viSe vistArathI carcA karI. tathA saMsAratyAganA AdarzanI praNAlI vaidika vicAradhArAthI bhinna che, ane Aryo bhAratamAM AvyA te pahelAMthI te Adarzano Adisrota zramaNa ke Ahata paraMparAmAMthI cAlyo Avato hato, je Aje jaina-bauddha sAhityamAM sau prathama vAra pratibiMbita thayo che, tevuM siddha karavA prayAsa karyo che. zramaNa paraMparAnA AgrahI bauddha ane jaina vidvAnone upakAraka viSayasAmagrI pUrI pADatI pAMDenI A kRti eka zAstragraMtharUpa thaI paDI che. 1957 pachIthI prastuta muddAonI carcA karatAM prakAzita thayelAM keTalAMka mukhya saMzodhanonA ullekha karI, pAMDee potAnI kRtinI navI AvRttiomAM te te saMzodhano para kyAMya samIkSA karI hoya tevuM jaNAtuM nathI. 1965 mAM dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNIAe Ama ja jaina tana nAme eka kati hiMdI bhASAmAM prasiddha karI ane 1985 mAM Beginnings of Jaina bhyo. je. vidyAbhavanamAM "bhAratIya saMskRti vyAkhyAna mALA'nA upakrame tA. 25-2-1993 nA roja apAyela vyAkhyAna. *prophesara, vesTaphAliyA yunivarsiTI, yunsTara (jarmanI) luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ]

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Philosophy in the Acaraiga nAme eka lekha lakhyo, jemAM jaina darzananA siddhAMtonI AcArAMgamAM maLI AvatI prAthamika bhUmikA darzAvatAM, sAthe sAthe aupaniSada vicArasaraNIno paNa kAMIka ullekha karyo. A ja arasAmAM, 1961thI ladavIga AlsadorTe ghaNA lekho lakhI jainonA uttarAdhyayananAM ghaNAM adhyayanono uddabhava mULa prAcIna jAtakakathAomAMthI thayo che tema darzAvI jArla zArapenTIaranI uttarAdhyayananI AvRttimAM rahI gayelA doSo dUra karyA. 1967 thI jApAnanA hAjIme nAkAmurAe jApAnI bhASAmAM prAcIna bhAratIya dharmonI samIkSA karI ane 1983 mAM AcAra, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASitAni, tattvArthasUtra, ityAdi jaina zAstragraMthomAMthI ane keTalAka bauddha zAstragraMthomAMthI paraspara zabdasAmya sAthe vicArasAmya paNa darzAvyuM. 1978mAM ke.ke. dIkSite pazcimanA keTalAka vidvAnonAM maMtavyo sAthe jaina AgamomAM maLatI vicArasaraNInI prAcInatA darzAvavA carcA karI. jainonA AgamomAM AcAra, sUtakatAMga, dazavaikAlika ane uttarAdhyayana prAcIna gaNAya che. temAM AcArano pahelo zrutaskaMdha sauthI prAcIna che. A badhAnuM adhyayana karatAM sAmAnya kakSAnA vAcakane paNa eka satyanI to avazya ane saheje jhAMkhI thaI jAya che ke je siddhAMto mATe jaina darzana jANItuM thayuM che te siddhAMto, jevA ke jIvaajIvAdi 7-9 tattvo, 5 samitio, 5 astikAyo, 3 gupti, 5 jJAna, 8 karmaprakRti, 4 kaSAyo, saptabha ane naya, uparAMta, 24 tIrthakaronI kalpanA ke temanAM nAmono ullekha, ItyAdi ityAdi AcAranA pahelA zrataskaMdhamAM to maLatAM ja nathI, paNa bIjA prAcIna AgamomAMye te badhAM daSTigocara thatAM nathI. paraMtu, jaina tattvadarzana saMbaMdhI koI koI vicAro je saMketarUpe prAcIna jaina AgamomAM Ama tema gUDha vikharAyelA paDayA che, temane saMzodhano dvArA prakAzamAM lAvavAnI dizAmAM hajI sudhI koIpaNa vidvAne zarUAta karI nathI. A vicAro prAcInatama che ane tatkAlIna aupaniSada darzana sAthe zabdasAmya ke vicArasAmya dharAve che eTaluM ja nahIM, paraMtu te Aje maLI AvatA pracalita jaina darzanathI taddana bhinna tarI AvatA eka ajJAta prAcInatama jaina darzananI koI navI ja dizA sUcave che. 1989mAM iTalIthI prasiddha thayelA mArA lekhamAM jaina darzananA AvA gUDha vicAro meM prakAzita karyA hatA (bhaTTa 1989), te huM ahIM vistArathI rajU karavA mAguM chuM. 7 01. jaina Agamo jaina AgamonI viSaya-gUMthaNI taddana aTapaTI ane kilaSTa che. temAMnA koI eka muddAnI apekSAe itara muddAnI prAcInatA puravAra karavAnuM kArya paNa eTaluM ja aTapaTuM ane vikaTa banI jAya che. tema chatAM, prAcIna puravAra thaelA jaina Agama graMthonI ane temAMnA keTalAka vibhAgonI ke phakarAonI spaSTa samajI zakAya e rIte meM samIkSA karI che. ahIM carcA karavAmAM AvatA vibhAgonI AvAM viziSTa daSTibiMduthI koI vidvAne samIkSA karI nathI. A prakArano abhyAsa A lekhamAM koI eka sUtragraMthane kadAca saMpUrNa na AvarI zake, to paNa je navA dRSTikoNathI ahIM enI samIkSA karavAmAM AvI che te bhaviSyamAM jaina darzananA bIjA koI muddAonI paNa samIkSA A prakAre AgaLa vadhAravA eka navo mArga cIMdhaze ema huM mAnuM chuM. A samIkSAmAM jaina vicAronA vikAsanAM sopAnonI eka aitihAsika paraMparAno paNa khyAla ApavAmAM Avyo che; ane brAhmaNa vicAradhArA sAthenA tenA ghaniSTha saMbaMdho ane samAnatA paNa spaSTa karavAmAM AvyAM che. digaMbara jainonA prAcIna graMtho ahIM vivecana mATe svIkRta zvetAMbaronA Agama graMtho karatAM navA che, jethI digaMbara graMthone A lekhamAM mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. huM 1. mAcAra : prathama zrutaskaMdha - bahAcaryA (AcAra I) jaina AgamomAM jIva viSenI kalpanA AtmatattvanAM gUDha ciMtanomAMthI udbhavI nathI, paraMtu jainonA dainika jIvananA anubhavomAMthI rUDha thayelI che, AvA prakAranA heramAna yAkobInA maMtavya pAchaLa je tathya rahyuM che te tapAsavA mATe jaina zAstragraMthomAM sauthI prAcIna gaNAtA zvetAMbara jainonA AcArAMgasUtranA prathama zrutaskaMdhanI samIkSA Avazyaka thaI paDe che. A zrutaskaMdhane baMbhara (brahmacaryA, juo huM 1.8) kahe che, je I.sa. pUrve Azare trIjI ke bIjI sadI jeTaluM prAcIna kahI zakAya. AcAranA brahmacaryAmAM kula 8 adhyayano maLe che, paNa mahApariNA 2 ]. [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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mahAparijJA nAme tenuM eka adhyayana jaina paraMparAmAMthI lupta thayuM che, tevuM zvetAMbaro mAne che. sugamatAne kAraNe ahIM muni jebUvijayajInI AcArasUtranI AvRttino upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. temAM badhAM sUtronI saMkhyA saLaMga ApavAmAM AvI che. vaLI, saraLatAnA kAraNe, ahIM prAkRta bhASAnAM nAmonuM saMskRta bhASAmAM rUpAMtara karavAmAM AvyuM che tathA prAkata ke saMskRta bhASAnAM nAmo nAgarI lipine badale gujarAtI lipimAM darzAvyAM che. ane gAthA zabda sAmAnya rIte koIpaNa padyaracanA mATe vAparyo che. hu 1.1. AcAra-brahmacaryA-zastrapariNA (AcAra 1) brahmacaryAnA pahelA adhyayana satyapariznA-zastraparikSAmAM kula sAta uddezo (adhyayananA peTAvibhAga) Ave, che. tenA pahelA udezamAM bAkInA cha udezonI pUrvabhUmikArUpe jIvAtmA, hiMsaka karma va.no ullekha karyo che. samagra rIte jotAM, zastraparijJAmAM jIva mATe prANa zabdano ja prayoga maLe che. jo ke zArIrika jIvAtmAnA arthamAM tyAM AyA-AtmA zabda 10 vAra Ave che. jyAre phakta 4 vAra jyAM jIva zabda eka sAmAnya arthamAM vaparAyo che. e badhAM sutro kSepaka che (juo hR.1.1.2). paraMtu prANa zabda zastraparijJAmAM 21 vAra yojavAmAM Avyo che. temAM pazu, paMkhI, vanaspati, ane mAnavajAta samAI jAya che. vaLI, A adhyayanamAM vyaktigata zArIrika jIvAtmAnI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che (jema ke... ne mAyA...mAro AtmA. AcAra 1.1.. anukuLatAne lIdhe A lekhamAM prANa zabda mATe gujarAtImAM sAmAnya arthamAM jIva zabdano upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che.) manuSyane samAraMpA nI - hiMsAtmaka karmanI pariSNA - parijJA (saMpUrNa jJAna ane saMnyAsa) na thAya tyAM sudhI te aneka janmomAMthI pasAra thayA kare che ane vizvane zAre paviti - aneka prakAranAM duHkhasparzanI lAgaNI anubhave che. paNa karma-samAraMbhonuM pUruM jJAna thatAM ja te janma-maraNanA baMdhanamAMthI chUTe che (gatimaranoya. AcAra 1.5-7). ahIM ane anyatra Avato samAraMbha zabda vaidika che. vaidika sAhityamAM yajJanI paribhASAmAM pazuhiMsA mATe hiMsA zabdane badale "pakaDavAnA" arthamAM sAta-Amate jevo zabdaprayoga thato. azokanA zilAlekhomAM (..no tri nIve gAmanuM pavi .) ane gautamadharmasUtramAM (..manAramI..3.24) paNa AraMbha-Alabha zabda hiMsAnA arthamAM vaparAyo che. vaidika yajJanI paribhASAno samAraMbha zabda jainonA AcAramAM zA mATe vaparAyo haze evI mitahAusane zaMkA vyakta karIne A zabdano brage karelo . artha (..to have to do..dazavaikAlika, 6.29, pR. 217) yogya nathI evo abhiprAya vyakta karyo che (zmita hAusena pR.9-10). AnuM kAraNa spaSTa che ke prAcIna jaina vicArakone vaidika vicAradhArA ke yajJayAgAdika kriyAo sAthe koI virodha nahoto. 7 1.1.1. "cha jIva-nikAyo" (AcAra 1.2-7) zastraparijJAnA bAkInA cha (2-7) udezomAM cha prakAranI hiMsAtmaka kriyAo ane tenI parijJA viSe vivecana thayuM che. ahIM cha samAraMbhonAM varNana vyAvahArika jIvanamAMthI levAmAM AvyAM che. je padArthanA upayogathI te padArthamAM rahetA jIvonI hiMsA saMkaLAyelI hoya tevA padArthanA nAma uparathI e samAraMbhanuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM che. AvA padArthomAM pRthvI, udaka (pANI), agni, vanaspati, trasa-kAya ane vAyunI gaNanA thaI che. zastraparijJA jaNAve che ke keTalAka loko parivaMdana, mAna ane pUjana mATe tathA jAti-maraNamAMthI chUTavA hiMsaka ka Adare che (1.6, 2.13, 3.24, 4.35, 5.43, 6.51, 7.58). A badhA udezomAM phakta sAdhuonAM ja, ane te paNa phakta pAMca karmonI ja carcA che-pApa ke puNyavALAM samagra karmonI ahIM carcA nathI (sarakhAvoH gaYI no tti ane pavathaHIST. vidivaMti- ame bhikSu chIe ema raTyA karI keTalAka...hiMsA Adare che. 2.12, 3.23, 4.34, 5.42, 6.50, 7.57 jainonI ane bauddhonI paribhASAmAM hiMsA zabdanA sthAne vihiMsA zabda pracalita che.). gautama dharmasUtra pra.3 (pR. 35-36)mAM agni prajvalana (3.26), mAMsAhAra (3.30), cAmaDAnAM luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 3

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vastro ke valkala dhAraNa karavA (3.33) bAbate je je ullekho Ave che te zastraparijJAnAM AvAM vidhAno sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. kauSItaki brAhmaNa upaniSadamAM (2.3-5) paNa AvA prakAranuM varNana Ave che. bIjA uddeza pRthvIzastramAM (2.15) kApavAnA arthamAM mad tathA tenI upara AcAra-niryuktimAM (97, pR. 22) chedavAnA arthamAM chid kriyApado yojayAM che. temAM pRthvInI aMdara rahetA jIvonI hiMsAnuM varNana sahaja spaSTa thAya che. AcAra niryukti 103 paNa "pRthvImAM (tanisa) rahetA jIvo" evo pRthvIzastrano artha kare che. AcAra niyukti 95 mAM pRthvIkAya-zastramAM (hRtavRtivisanuddAta...parva tuM samAlo satya) haLa, kulika, kodALI vagere sAdhanonI gaNatarI karI che. vaLI, AcAracUrNie (pR. 19-20) paNa A viSe tevuM ja maMtavya vyakta karyuM che. eTale ke haLa, kodALI jevAM zastrono upayoga karavAmAM pRthvImAM rahetAM jIvajaMtunI hiMsA thAya che tene pRthvIkAya-zastra ke pRthvIkarma-samAraMbha kahe che. A varNanomAMthI pRthvIkAya jIvo hoya tevo artha saMbhavato nathI. | udakazastra (pANI pIvuM, nahAvuM, dhovuM, ityAdi) nAme trIjA udezamAM sUtra 26 (ti pAnAM siyA, nIvA ane IT. juo ha 1.1.2.) paNa De siyA (3-niHsRtA: ke 3-nikatA:) pada dvArA spaSTa kare che ke ahIM "pANImAMthI nIkaLatA" ke "pANImAM rahetA" jIvonI carcA che. temAMthI pANI jIva che evo, eTale ke udakakAya jIvo jevo artha nIkaLato nathI. A kAraNe jaina munio pANIno upayoga na chUTake ja kare che ane viyaDa (vikRta - koI gRhasthIe ukALIne ThArI rAkheluM) pANI pIe che (sarakhAvoH vastrapUta narta upa-manusmRti, 6.46 ane baudhAyana dharmasatra, 2.6.11.24), tevI rIte cotho udeza-agnizastra jaNAve che ke Aga lagADavAthI pRthvI, taNakhalAM, pAMdaDAM, lAkaDAM, gobara ane kAdava jevAmAM bharAI rahelAM (purvi-usiyA tA-fNa patta-fNa0 kuMLi0 noma -La0 vara-0i 4.37) jIvajaMtunI hiMsA thAya che. mATe agnikrame samAraMbha na Acaravo, agnizastrano upayoga na karavo. A saMdarbhamAM jIvajaMtune saMpAtimA (juo pizela hu 602) kahyAM che. eTale ke havAmAM UDatAM jIvajaMtu paNa agni sparza thatAM (mA paTTa) marI jAya che. agnikAyazastra ane trasakAyazastramAM (udeza 6) forsiya - zabdaprayoga thayo che. AcAra niyukti 123 paNa jaNAve che ke agnizastrathI pRthvI, pANI ke vanaspatimAM bharAI rahelAM ane trasakAya jIvajaMtu (AgaLa juo) marI jAya che. A jIvo svayaM agnikAya hoya evuM ghaTI zakatuM nathI. vanaspatizastra viSenA pAMcamA udezamAM vanaspatinuM viziSTa prakAre varNana thayuM che. vanaspatinI hiMsAno pratiSedha prAcIna vaidika kALathI thato rahyo che. jema ke, varjayetanavadharma gautama dharmasUtra 3.52). A muddAno AgaLa (g 2.1.2) vicAra karavAmAM Avaze. trasakAyazastra nAme chaThThA udezamAM eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe "jatA" ke "bhaya pAmatA" trasa(kAya) jIvonuM varNana Ave che. temAM (6.52) jaNAvyuM che ke keTalAka pUjA ke pratiSThA khAtara ( trA), mRgacarma, mAMsa ke lohI mATe (gaMINa..saMsAra...soLatAI jIvono vadha kare che (vati). AvA saMdarbhamAM ahIM eka navA vad kriyApadano viziSTa prayoga thayo che. AthI spaSTa kahI zakAya ke ahIM zikAra jevAM hiMsaka karmonI sAthe sAthe bANa ke evuM tra-zastra saMkaLAyeluM che. A zastro eka ThekANethI bIje ThekANe "gati kare che" (traNa) ane jIvono vadha karatAM hovAthI temane "bhaya upajAve che" (tAMti pALa pariso visANu ya 6.49), AthI AvAM zastrone trasakAyazastra kahe che. A udezamAM trasa (kAya) jIvo (tasA pANaT) ane trasakAya zastra, baMne zabdo judA judA saMdarbhamAM saMkaLAyelA che. trasakAyazastra hiMsaka zastranA arthamAM Ave che. paNa pApA IMDAMmAMthI ke vagara IMDa ke garbhamAMthI janmatA (aMDaja, jarAyaja, potaja) cara jIvo mATe vaparAya che. trasa ane sthAvara jevA jIvonA be vibhAgo prAcIna vaidika kALathI cAlyA Ave che. ahIM trasa-eTale ke halanacalana karatA jIvomAM, nAnA jIvoH aMDaja, rasaja (pravAhImAM garamInI vikriyAthI udbhava pAmatAM), svedaja, saMmUUima (? strIpuruSanA samAgama vinA janmatAM? kadAca, samucchinna ? athavA, ThaMDIthI ghaTTa banelo pravAhIno gaThTho ?), udbhijja (vanaspati) ane moTA jIvoH potaja, jarAyuja ane aupapAtika (mukhyatve saMsArI jIvo, deva, manuSya, ItyAdi) uparAMta sthAvara-eTale ke vanaspati jevA sthira jIvo 4 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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(juo AcAra niti 154.). cothA udezamAM agnizastra mATe je arthamAM saMpAtimA zabda Avyo hato te ja arthamAM te sAtamA udeza vAyuzastra mATe paNa yojAyo che. pavana phUMkAya ke havA vegavaMta banatAM - vAyu vAvAthI-havAmAM UDatAM jIvajaMtu marI jAya che (naMti saMpAmA pAchaLa sAva saMpatti 5 7.60), A prakAranA karmasamAraMbhane vAyukAyazastra kahe che. ahIM, vAyu hiMsAnuM eka sAdhana che, paNa te svayaM jIva che tevo artha ghaTI zakato nathI. 7 1.1.2. zastraparijJAnI vicAradhArA ane paribhASA samagra zastraparijJA adhyayanamAM prANa zabdano prayoga vizeSa tarI Ave che. paNa jIva zabda upayogamAM lIdho nathI. upaniSadomAM paNa prANa zabda jIvanA arthamAM vaparAyo che, jema ke sarve prANA: (kauSItaki upaniSada 3.2), proDami prajJAtmi. (koSItaki brAhmaNa upaniSada). prANa zabdaprayoga jIvazabda karatAM prAcIna che. brahmacaryAnA bIjA adhyayana logavijaya (lokaricaya)mAM prANa zabda beyamAM ane cArapagAM prANIo mATe paNa vaparAyo che (juo uddeza 3, sUtro 78-79, sarakhAvo dazavaikAlika 6.11.). Ama, cara ane sthAvara, manuSyo ane pazu,-badhA prakAranA jIvo mATe prANa zabda prayoga thayo che. jaina darzanamAM hiMsA mATe prAcIna zabda prANAtipAta- prANAtipAta pracalita che, temAM paNa prANa zabdathI badhA jIvo AvarI lIdhA che. zastraparijJA jaNAve che ke prANo pRthaka pRthaka - vividha sthaLe rahelA che (saMti paNa putro-siyA 2.11,6.49), zUbIMge 2.11-12ne dhruvanaMDikA tarIke gaNyA che. zastraparijJAnI koI prAcIna vAcanAmAM amuka amuka sthaLe A dhruvanaMDikAnI punarukti thatI rahetI, tevuM vadhAre (pU.30,37) nizcita thAya che, paNa atyAre maLI AvatI AcAranI badhI AvRttiomAMthI vAcanAkAroe AvI dhruvanaMDikA keTalAka pAThamAMthI dUra karI che (bIMga-AcAra, pR.57). A dhruvanaMDikA sUtrakRtAMga I 104. mAM paNa punarAvartana pAmI che. zastraparijJAmAM traNa sthaLe (3.26 bevAra, 6.49, 7.62 cAra vAro AvatA jIva zabda viSe ahIM carcA karavAnI jarUra che. saMti pAna 3nisiyA navA moDA (3.26 prANo, pANImAMthI nIkaLatA jIvo aneka che)mAM prANa zabda jIvanA ja arthamAM hovAthI jIva zabda ahIM nirarthaka thaI paDe che. A sUtra pachI AvatuM sUtradaM ra vastu gaNaIRM drAM navA vihiyA (3.26 bhikSuo mATe ahIM pANIne jIvo kahyA che)mAM eka navuM AgavuM maMtavya" rajU thayuM che, ane te samagra uddeza 3 mAM mULa saLaMga cAlI AvatAM varNanomAM kSati pahoMcADe che. A sUtra maulika nathI, pAchaLathI prakSipta thayuM hoya ema lAge che. chaThThA udezanA sUtra 49 mAM (...paNa saMsAre tti paghuvvata...sabbala paI..bUtAI..nIvA..sattA..) prANa-bhUta-jIva-sattva jevA nirarthaka samAnArtha ""zabdADaMbara" (cliche. kalIze), saMsAra, nittA , paribriA , madamaye kuvavuM jevA navA zabdonI gUMthaNI ane temAMthI vyakta thato navo vicAra, vagere bAbato AkhA zastraparijJAmAM taddana alaga paDI jAya che. vaLI, dareka uddeza saMpUrNa pUro thayA pachI, te udezanA aMte rUti vema jevuM itizrI Ave che. paraMtu 6.49 mAM A praNAlInuM ullaMghana thayuM che. temAM rUti vefma uddezanI aMdaranA bhAgamAM AvyuM che. Ama, isa saMsAre...ti vema (sUtra 49)prakSipta che. temAM sarva pa...ti tema sudhIno bhAga AcAra 4.2.139 mAMthI UtarI Avyo hoya tema jaNAya che. sUtra 7.62 kAMIka vizeSa spaSTatA mAgI le che. zastraparijJAmAM cha javanikAyo-cha prakAranA jIvo-hoya evAM varNana nathI, paraMtu jIvonI hiMsAnA cha prakAranAM varNano che. te hakIkata, uparanAM vivecanothI (ThuM 1.1.1). prakAzamAM AvI zakI. AkhA zastraparijJAmAM kyAMya chajjIvanaya (cha prakAranA jIvo) zabda maLa sAtamA udezane aMte phakta sUtra 62mAM cAravAra Ave che. sAmAnya rIte upara jaNAvyA mujaba dareka uddeza pUrAM thatAM ja aMte rUti vefma jevI itizrI mUkIne te uddeza pUrNa thayo tema darzAvyuM che. te pramANe sAtamA uddezamAM sUtra 61mAM rUti nemi thI te uddeza pUrNa thayo che tevuM nizcita thavA chatAM, sutra 62mAM rUti nemi nuM punarAvartana jovA maLe che ! samagra zastraparijJAnA upadezano niSkarSa darzAvatuM sutra 62 pAchaLathI ahIM prakSipta che (juo ri.7). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ]

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zastraparijJAmAM cha-jIva-nikAyanI-pRthvI(kAya)jIva, udaka(kAya)jIva, agni(kAya)jIva, vanaspati(kAya)jIva, trasakAyajIva ane vAyu(kAya)jIvanI-eka navI vicArasaraNI janmI che evuM jaina TIkAkAro ane teone anusarIne jaina darzananA dareka saMzodhako jaNAve che, te bhUlabhareluM che. jo ke trasakAya jIvo viSe upara spaSTatA karI che (7 1.1.1.) ane vanaspatikAya viSe AgaLa vicAraNA karavAmAM Avaze. dazavaikAlikanA cothA adhyayananAM gadyasUtromAM 3 vAra jIvanikAya zabdane badale navaLiyA (jIvanikA "jIvana nirvAhanuM sAdhana") zabda Ave che. zUbIMge tenI AvRttimAM A bAbatanI noMdha lIdhI che (pR.240), ane tenA matane amArA vivecanathI puSTi maLe che. A uparAMta, zUbIMge saMzodhanonA AdhAre jaNAvyuM che ke zastraparijJAmAM karmasamAraMbhono mULa krama-pRthvI (uddeza 2), udaka (udeza 3). agni (udeza 4). vAyu (udeza 7), vanaspati (udeza 5), trasakAya (udeza da) - A rIte hovo joIe, je zastraparijJAmAM astavyasta thaI gayo che - uddeza 7 (vAyu) chelle mUkyo che (juo. zUbIMga-AcAra pR.58 ane Avazyaka cUrNibhAga 2, pR. 302). zastraparijJAmAM AtmA zabda upaniSadonI vicAradhArAmAMthI apanAvyo hoya ema lAge che. jo ke zastraparijJAnA A prAcIna adhyayanamAMthI jIva ane AtmA zabda vacceno kAMI bheda spaSTa thato nathI. vaLI, ahIM prANa zabda jIvanA arthamAM Avyo che, jyAre AkhA brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM prANI (prANavALo = jIva) zabda phakta eka ja vAra (no paLAM pAne samArame nAsi 3.2.121 prANIonA prANanI hiMsA na kare ! samaIrame jJAti mATe juo pila hu 460) Ave che. prANa zabdano viziSTa artha pahelAM jIva thato hato, te badalAIne ahIM sAmAnya prANI jevA arthamAM rUDha thayo che. uparyukta sUtra 3.2.121 ahIM ullekha pAmelA tripubha zlokonI eka paMkti che (zabIMgaAcAra pu. 15.54). zastraparijJAnI paribhASAmAM prAsa - sparza ane DisaMveti / TUMkamAM vedanA jevA agatyanA zabdo jovA maLe che, je prAcIna aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAMthI pracalita thayA che (juo, phrAuvAberanI vistRta carcA. 1, pR. 11thI, tathA Alsadorpha iFiparinnA 1.28 para vivecana KI. Sch., pR. 210-211). A badhAM vivecanonA AdhAre ema kahI zakAya ke prAcIna jaina vicAradhArAmAM pRthvI, jaLa, vAyu, agni jevAM tattvone jIvaMta gaNavAmAM AvatAM nahotAM, paNa phakta vanaspati ja jIvaMta che ema manAtuM. tethI zastraparijJA adhyayananA pAMcamA udezamAM vanaspatizAstranuM varNana viziSTa prakAranuM che. tenI tathA yAskanA nikatanI ahIM tulanA karavAthI te spaSTa thaze. nirukata 1.2 jaNAve che keH padmAvavivAra avantIti vALa, gAyoti vipariNamatte vadhataipakSIya vinazyati | pataMjalie paNa tenA mahAbhASyamAM (1.3 1.11) Ano ullekha karyo che. A cha bhAvavikArone zastraparijJAnA vanaspatizAstra sAthe A pramANe sarakhAvI zakAya:nirukata 1.2 (vArSAyaNi) zastraparijJA 5.45 jAyate, nAtidharmapti, vipariNamate, vipariNAmadhammayaM, cyovciyNvadhati, vuDdidhammayaMapakSIyate, chiNNaM milAtivinazyati, aNitiyaM, asaasyNpAMcamA udezamAM vanaspati jIvaMta che tevuM spaSTa varNana thayuM che, ane te para cha bhAvavikAronA vicAranI asara thaI che. prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM vanaspati jIvaMta che tema manAtuM hatuM (juo vejhulera 1986, vAllera RULU; Bewusstsein und Wahrnehmungsvermoegen von Pflanzen aus hinduistischer Sicht - RE daSTie vanaspatinAM aMtaHkaraNa ane iMdriyapratyakSanI kSamatA, grAjha 1989 5. 147-169). vanaspatine kApavAmAM ja ja ja jha sa ha [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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vanaspati-jIvanI hisA thAya che ane te vanaspatimAM vaLagI rahelAM itara jIvajaMtunI paNa hiMsA thAya che evo A uddezano Azaya hoya ema lAge che. zastraparijJAmAM loka zabda jIvonA AzrayasthAna tarIke gaNAya che. 4.32 mujaba lokanuM ane AtmAnuM astitva nakArI zakAtuM nathI (neva sAthe nori mAphaTvenA cheva sattA pramANenA) AtmavAdI lokasa nakAre che ane lokavAdI AtmasattAne nakAre che, tethI pApakarma thAya che, ane baMne te pApakarmamAMthI chUTatA nathI. kAraNa ke lokasattA nakAravAmAM lokamAM rahetA jIvonA astitva viSe bedarakArI thAya che (maye tojo nAsti para rUti mAnI punaH punaH vazamApadane kaTha upaniSada, 1.2.6.) ane AtmasattA nakAravAmAM sarve prANIonI hiMsA thAya che. (lokavAdI ane AtmavAdI mATe juo zrADara pR. 38thI tathA parathI.). loka du:khathI bharapUra che ane sAcuM jJAna temAM thatuM nathI. tenAthI to baMdhana (tha = graMtha) thAya che, moha thAya che, pApakarma thAya che (16) mATe munie karmanI parijJA-viveka jJAna prApta karavuM joIe ke hiMsA kevI rIte thAya che ane te kema TaLe. parijJA eTale zastrano asamAraMbha, jJAna, viveka (salya samAraMbhamApAsa nete gAmA pariduTyA mayaMti 2.16, 3.29, 4.38. 5.46, 6.53, 7.60) AthI karmasamAraMbha na karavo, na karavA devo ke na karAvavo (1.4, 2.13, 17, 3. 24, 30, 4.35, 5.43, 47, 6.51, 54, 7.58, 61), te ja mukhya mArga che. ahIM sarvatra pApakarma upara ja bhAra mUkayo che. A pApa karmo jIvane aneka janmonI paraMparA sAthe joDe che (saMti 1.6, . saMci). sAdhuone potAnAM dainika ke nitya-naimittika karmo to karavAnAM ja rahe che (sarakhAvo Avazyaka cUrNi, mR. 97 nena...zumevu pavati, sumeSa nivRtti). bhikSu thayA pachI bhikSune tenA niyamonuM pAlana Avazyaka che (anupAtriya3.20). teNe saraLa svabhAve, dago karyA vagara vartavuM joIe (3jhuDe...amAthe tramANe 3.19) ane dharmanI AjJAmAM (gAgA-3.22) rahevuM joIe. AvA vicAro AruNi upaniSada (1.5) ane paramahaMsa upaniSadamAM (2:4) mAM Ave che. mumukSue lokamAM rahelAM hiMsAnAM kSetronI vicAraNA karavI joIe ane te rIte azastranAM (ahiMsA) kSetro paNa jANI levAM joIe. AvA sadA apramatta ane saMyamI mumukSune ahIM vIra kahIne prazaMsA karI che (4.32,33). A sUtramAM pahelI vAra nAga-pAsavuM jevo ""zabdADaMbara" (cliche) Ave che je uttarakAlIna jaina darzanazAstrIo mATe vivaraNano moTo viSaya thaI paDayo che. (nAga-pAsa6 nuM punarAvartana AcAra 1.2.1.71 tathA 5.6.175mAM thayuM che.). AcAranA brahmacaryamAM "zabdADaMbara" (cliche) nI yojanA vistRta thaI te pahelAM kIesamasa" (chiasmas: "zabdonI UlaTa-sUlaTa-cokaDI x prakAranI racanA") nI yojanA pracalita hatI, jeno prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM paNa prayoga thato hato. zastraparijJAmAM baMdhananA arthamAM guNa zabdano prayoga thayo che. rU5, zabda, vagere guNanA viSayo che. loko gahasthAzramamAM gaNothI agapta (3tta, asaMrakSita rahe che. teo guNothI AkarSAya che ane bhramita thAya che. (pa.41). pramatta thaI guNomAM racyA rahevuM tenuM nAma hiMsA-daMDa (4.33). je guNa che te Ava-janmamaraNanA pherA che ne puche che vaTTa ne mAvaThTha che ane pa.41- kIsamasa !). guNa zabdathI thatAM AvAM sAMsArika varNano dvArA loka zabdamAMthI saMsAranI bhAvanAno uddabhava thato jaNAya che. saMsArI - gRhastha-dazAmAM loko potAnuM rakSaNa karavA ke dharmapAlana karavA samartha nathI, teo to guNonA AsvAda mAtramAM racyA rahe che. (...pa.41). zastraparissAmAM saMsAra zabda ajJAta lAge che. paNa tene anurUpa paribhASAmAM prAcIna Avarta (vaTTa- 5.41 - janmamaraNanI ghaTamALa) zabdano prayoga thayo che. brahmacaryanuM lokaricaya nAme bIjuM adhyayana jaNAve che ke ajJAnI janmamaraNanA pherAmAM aTavAyA kare che (nAtImAM anupaTTimALe 2.3.77) ke duHkhonA AvartamAM - saMsAracakramAM - bhamyA kare che (tuvaravALameva sAva ajuriyati 2.3.80, 2.6.105, sarakhAvo 5.1.151). karmasamAraMbha luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ]

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graMtha-graMthi (the, gAMTha, baMdhana) che; moH, mRtyu (mA) ane naraka (nira) che. temAM ja loko jakaDAyelA (Tad - fthata, baMdhAyelA) racyA rahe che (2.14, 3.15, 4.36, 5.44, 6.52, 7.59) trIjA adhyayana zItoSNIyamAM AvI sAMsArika dazAne Avarta-srotanI (kAvaTTa so 3.1.107) saMjJA ApI che. Avarta zabda koIvAra guNo sAthe ane koIvAra to strota, srota, pravAha) sAthe saMkaLAelo che. (sarakhAvo - "OM jotA made jotA tiriya sotA..te sotA...nahiM saMti...mAvayaM tu..." 5.6.174). srotane badale koya (dhasamasato pravAha, pUra) zabdano prayoga paNa thayo che, jemake , govaMtare muLI (2.6.99 = 5.3.161 : pUra pravAha tarI janAra e muni che...). zvetAzvatara upaniSadamAM paNa AvI ja paribhASA yojAI che. temAM saMsAranAM varNana mATe yoni (kAraNa), srota, Avarta, ogha, parva (graMthi - gAMTha, baMdhana), guNa, jevA zabdaprayogo thayA che. jemake: paMvatoDanuM...raMvAvatAM paMvaHi...jttaparvamama | amina haM prAte brahma (1.5,6), tAMti sarvALi...prati vidvAna (2.8), mAraga zarmANa [nvitAni...(6.4). AcAra brahmacaryAnAM bAkInAM adhyayano (2-8) zastraparijJAnI AvI prAcIna vicAradhArAne anusare che ane vatte oche aMze temAM vikAsa karatAM rahyAM che. tenA phakta dhyAna dore evA viziSTa muddA ja have AgaLa darzAvavAmAM Avaze. 7 1.2 AcAra - brahmacarya - lokaricaya (AcAra 2. uddezo 1-6). zastraparijJA adhyayanamAM munione kendramAM rAkhIne tattvavicAraNA karI hatI, paraMtu bIjA adhyayana lokaricayamAM ("lokanI parIkSA" : sarakhAvo- ti, nora.2.1.63 lokaricaya mATe juo bhaTTa-1981) saMsArI jIvone keMdramAM rAkhIne vicAraNA karI che ane pApa karmonA samAraMbhanA tyAga dvArA muktino mArga darzAvato zastraparijJAno Adarza saMsArI lokomAM pahoMcADayo che. mAtApitA, bhAIbahena, patipatnI, bALako, mitro, vagerene potAnAM svajana mAnI temanA jIvananirvAha mATe, athavA to potAnA utkarSa mATe je kAMI karma karavAmAM Ave che te badhAM pApakarma gaNAya che. jIvanakALa daramiyAna tenAthI sukha paNa maLatuM nathI ke mRtyu bAda tenAthI mukta paNa thavAtuM nathI. te karmothI koI paNa Adarza siddha thaI zakato nathI (2.1.64,66,67H sarakhAvo sUtrakRtAMga I:2.1.16-22; I:2.3.16-17, I.3.2. 2.18; I.11.3.6). bhAgyavaza iMdrayo zithila thaI jatAM ke dhanamilakatano upabhoga paNa na thaI zakatAM, svajano ane badhA loko tenI niMdA karaze (2.1.14). te svayaM rogagrasta thatAM tenA svajano ja tene tarachoDaze (sarakhAvo 2.1.67, 2.2.81). kaTokaTInA prasaMgomAM jarUra AvI paDatAM svajano, mitro ke dhanavaibhava ; koI koInuM rakSaNa nahIM karI zake (nAnaM te tava tApaINa vA sarakhANa vA tuma pa saM gAnaM tANa vA saraNAI vA...2.1.64, 67. 2.4.81 sarakhAvo 2.3.79; 2.3.82; sUtrakRtAMga - I.2.3.16, I.9.3-5; I.10.19-20, uttarAdhyayana 6.3 suttanipAta 34.6 tathA bhaTTa 1993). garbha upaniSada paNa jaNAve che ke "yathA parinanArthe kRtaM varSa zubhAzubha, pAkI tena DhoDhuM tArUM namakita (kuTuMbIo mATe meM je zubha-azubha kAma karyuM te mane eklAne ja bALI rahyuM che, paNa tenAM phaLa bhogavanArA cAlyA gayA !" 4.17). manusmRti (4.23) kahe che ke nAmutra di sahAyatha pitA mAtA 2 tiSata:, = putravA na jJAtimatiSThati vanaH (paralokamAM madada mATe mAtapitA rahetAM nathI. putrapatnI paNa nahIM ane jJAtijano paNa nahIM. dharma ekalo ja rahe che.) A rIte lokanI - saMsAranI - samIkSA karIne karmasamAraMbha na Acaravo. kAraNake, badhAM prANIone jIvavuM game che, potAno jIva priya hoya che (save pApA...fpayanavi govirAma, sabeli gIvirya upayaM 2.3.78, sarakhAvo dazavaikAlika 6.11; AcAra 4.2.139. mahAbhArata anuzAsanaparva 113.12H di prApriyatara no vina vidyate - lokamAM prANathI vadhAre priya kaMI hotuM nathI). A pApa karmonA mULamAM guNo - zabda, sparza, vagere - rahyA che ( muLe te mUThThANe,...2.1.63). dhIrapuruSe A karmone duHkharUpa jANI teno tyAga karavAmAM pramAda na karavo (2.1.65), paNa AtmArthe (kAyaduM 2.1.68) samyapha AcaraNa karavuM. sUtrakatAMga paNa jaNAve che ke teo odha saMsApravAha - tarI jAya che (juo 1.3.4.18 te mohaM tarirasaMti). 8 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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hutaresu vi. vimukta loko alobhathI lobhane jIte che ane anukULa viSaya kAmanAono paNa svIkAra-upabhoga karatA nathI (vimurA.pArAmiLo. to tame dujchamAne na zAne nAma ti), teo ja bhikSu kahevAya che (2.2.71). pApakarmonI parijJA karI te na karavAM, na karAvavAM ke te mATe anumodana paNa na ApavuM, jethI kuzaLa sAdhaka tenAthI lepAto nathI (..satte novativegAsa 2.2.74 = 2.5.89). AvA pazyane (pAsa, jonAra, hakIkata samajanAra) koI udeza - upadezAvyavahAra hoto nathI (3o pAsAsa nalthi 2.3.80). kuzaLa baMdhAyelo paNa nathI ane mukta paNa nathI (sane puna no vadhe no mudde 2.6.104). teo sAMsArika parigrahane baMdhanarUpa gaNe che (.AriNa.. saMthI ti avaq 2.5.88) ane te badhuM choDI daI phakta vastra, kAMbaLo, kaTAsana, vagere jevI jarUrI sAmagrI rAkhe che (2.5.89). teNe kaMIka maLatAM khuzI ke na maLatAM zoka na karavo. (tAno tti na maLeA matAno tti na soyA 2.5.89, sarakhAvo 2.4.86). nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada kahe che ke anAkhe vighAlI thANAne caiva haSyane (5.7). fmavaravU...fchattA tayArU (2.5.88), sudhInI paMkti 8.3.210 sUtramAMthI ahIM lIdhI che. ahIM (2.5.88) , te judA ja viSayanI hoya ema spaSTa tarI Ave che. Ane karma-parijJA kahe che, jethI karmothI upazAMta thavAya che. te vyaktine mamatva hotuM nathI (..riVT...movasaMtI... mAta bahati...2.6.97). teNe lokane - saMsArane - ThIka jANI lIdho che. te buddhizALIe saMsAra tyAga karyo che. te vIra khedarahita (vimaLa) hovAthI rAga vagarano che (nA vamaLa vAra, tAM vAra na rana 2.6.98, A badhAM sUtromAM ''karmomAM rAga" ane karmonA lepa" viSenA ullekho dhyAna kheMce evA che. AgaLa jatAM A bAbata vadhAre spaSTa karI che (fmola = rajonA 8.8.251 - nazvaramAM ke vividha viSaya kAmanAomAM rAga na rAkhavo) Aryoe darzAvelo A mArga apanAvatAM kuzaLane karmasamAraMbhano lepa lAgato nathI (2.5.89). kuzaLa sAdhaka karmamAtrane saMpUrNa jANe che ane saMsArI lokonAM duHkhonI parijJA jaNAve che (2.6.101, 4.3.140). te mamatvarahita, kheda vagarano che - (2.2.74, 2.4.85, 2.6.97, 98; upara juo). te loka - saMsAra - sAthenA saMyogathI para che, ananyadarzI che, ananya-ArAma che (.kanveti to saMnose...3 MuchAvaMtI.mArA.2.6.101). tene mana tuccha (adhama, pApa?) ane pUrNa (puNya ?), baMne sarakhA che (hA pu rUM ththati tahAM tuccha vAsthati 2.6.102, juo zUbIMga-AcAra pR.73, sthati mATe juo pizela hu 543). sarvatra-sarva dizAmAM - parizacArI (saMpUrNa jJAna-vivekathI AcaranAra) te vIra baMdhana pAmelA jIvane mukta kare che (vIra mATe juo zUchIMga-vo.ma.pR.80 ane yajImA-1981, noMdha 21) ane hiMsAthI (hiMsAnA prasaMge) lekhAto nathI (paNa vIre...ne varlDa Dimoca. 36 mahuM nirthi lAlu satro savapattivArI na chaUpaNa vIra. 2.6.103, cha mATe juo pizela huM 318). A saMdarbhamAM AcAra-cUrNi (pR.99) jaNAve che ke sarvaparijJA mujaba zAstrAnusAra-AcaranAra hiMsAthI lapAto nathI (..vidhI daMto na chogA niSpati). zIlAMka paNa kahe che ke...thayelI hiMsAthI (pApakarmathI) te vIra lepAto nathI (zIlAMka-AcAra pR.98). AvAM vidhAno prAcIna vaidika ke aupaniSada sAhityamAM paNa jovA maLe cheH ra sa da saivyAva7 pAkhanA tirthane zuddha: -te karmothI AcaraNa karato te zuddha pApathI levAto nathI (chAMdogya upaniSada 5.10.10), meDa hRthvaSANe tatti, naina tIre tapata: - te kharekhara baMnene (pApa-puNya, va.) tarI jAya che, ene kareluM ane nahIM kareluM (karma) duHkha detAM nathI. (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.22). 1 AvidyAna... [ puthape vidhU niraMganaH paramaM sAmuti - puNya ane pApa khaMkherI nAkhI te niraMjana (nirlepI) jJAnI parama sAmya pAme che (muMDaka upaniSada, 3.3), gItA paNa kahe che ke A sarva lokane mAravA chatAM te (jJAnI) mArato nathI, baMdhana pAmato nathI (18.17). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ]

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AnuM kAraNa lokaricaya jaNAve che ke te kuzaLa medhAvI ahiMsAnA kSetrane jANanAra - kSetrajJa - ane baMdhamokSano viveka karanAra - anveSaNa karanAra - jJAnI, nathI baddha ke nathI mukta (te 3gdhAta vetane"..vaMdhamovaramavLelI, kutte pukha je vadhe te mudde 2.6.104). 7 1.3 AcAra - brahmacarya - zItoSNIya (AcAra-3, uddezo 1-4) zItoSNIya adhyayananuM nAma sIsivviAlI (zIta ane uSNano - sukha ane duHkhano tyAga karanAra; 3.1.107) jevA zabdo uparathI AvyuM che. A adhyayanamAM paNa zastraparikSAnA vicAronuM punarAvartana thayuM che. tenA viziSTa vicAro saMkSepamAM ahIM jaNAvIe chIe. dharmanI bAbatamAM loko - amuni - sUtA (bedarakAra) hoya che, paNa munio satata jAgatA hoya che (kuttA, amuni, muLio savarya nA pati 3.1.105, sarakhAvo :- yA nizA sarvabhUtAnAM tathAM nArti saMyamI..je sarva prANIonI rAta che temAM saMyamI jAgato hoya che...gItA 2.69 munAti, je jANe che te muni suttanipAta para7). jeNe zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha jANyA che te Atmavida - vedavida - brahmavida che (pAThAMtara - vidane badale - vAna vaLI sarakhAvo AcAra 4.4.145 ane te vAnnayamita sa traNAvita - vevit - Atmavi...bruhadAraNyaka upaniSada, 3.7.1). Rju ane dharmavida muni Avartagrata (AvAgamanano pravAha) ane saMga jANe che. zIta ane uSNane tyAga karanAra - ratiarati (sukha duHkha) sahana karanAra te nigraMthane (graMtha-baMdhanarahita) sparzavedanA hotAM nathI. Ama te mukta bane che (3.1.107). zabda, rUpa, ItyAdinI upekSA karanAra te...maraNamAMthI chUTI jAya che (3mA saphara ...mara pamuva6 3.1.108). te kAmarahita, apramAdI, pApakarmothI upazAMta, Atmagupta, vIra ane kSetrajJa che (3.1.109). akarmane vyavahAra hoto nathI (sarakhAvo - sUtrakRtAMga I. 2.5,3,5,7,11,50), karmathI upAdhi janme che (mammaNa vavahAro vijJapha, vamukha 3vAhI nAyaDu 3.1.110). Ama, karma ke karmanuM mULa hiMsA che tema jANI - grahaNa karI, janmamaraNanI gati-AgatinI) be aMtima bAjuothI adazya (para) thaI saMsAratyAga karavo (3.1.111, sarakhAvo.3.3.123). AvA saMdarbhamAM dhIra puruSane naiSpharyadarzI ( f mavaMzI 3.2.115, 4.4.145, sarakhAvo gItA 3.4,18.49), ane upazAMta (3.2.116) kahyo che, tathA satyamAM ja dhRti rAkhavA jaNAvyuM che (sarvAmi vivuM 3braha. 3.2.117). AgaLa jatAM, satyane ja oLakhavA Adeza Apyo che ane satyanI AjJAmAM rahevAnI te medhAvI mRtyu tarI jAya che tema jaNAvyuM che (savameva samayagApahiM ! sarvasta Apa 3aai mehAvI mAre tarapha. 3.3.127). ahIMyAM jainonA vrata tarIke satyanuM vidhAna thayuM nathI. paNa tenuM eka parama tattva tarIke vidhAna thayuM che tevaLI, juo AcAra 4.4.146). loka-saMdhi (sAMsArika-baMdhana saMdhi jANIne AtmAmAMthI bahAra jovuM joIe. tema thatAM, te na haNanAra che ke na haNAvanAra (AMdha tolsa nALA gAyo vahiyA pAla; tA ra haMtA na vi dhAyA 3.3.122 = pa.pU.170, juo upara huM 1.2 ane AgaLa $ 1.5; saMdhi = "satata ciMtana) sarvatra AtmarUpe AcaravuM joIe evuM A saMdarbhamAM zIlAMka jaNAve che (sarvatra - bhaupacce samAre...zIlAMka AcAra pR. 110, sarakhAvo-AcAra-cUrNi pR.118). sUtrakRtAMga I.2.3.12 (gAya-tune pALahiM saMna, juo bole II. pR.7778) ane I. 12.18 (te mAro pAsaDu savyanojuo hR.3) paNa sarvatra AtmarUpe jovAnuM jaNAve che. dazavaikAlika to spaSTa jaNAve che ke savvamUyappamUyasta samuM bhUyApha pApo,...pAvaM sanma ra vaMdhak (sarve prANIo tenA AtmarUpa thayAM che tevAne,prANIone samyapha jonArane...pApakarma bAMdhatuM nathI. 4.9). Iza upaniSada paNa kahe che ke vastu sarvALi mUtAnyAtmavAnupati, sarvabhUteSu mAtmAnaM tato vigunAsare je koI sarva prANIone potAnAmAM ane sarva prANIomAM potAne jue che, tenAthI te-AtmA-chupAvavA icchato nathI. eTale ke tene 10 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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Atmadarzana sahaja thAya che: 6; juo thIme pR.93.94, sarakhAvo kaTha upaniSada 4.5, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada te gItA kahe che ke sarvabhUtAtmajUtAtmA rvapi = nite (5.7), sarakhAvo- sattAnuM 35muM RtvA na je na thAta. (satranipAta 37.27). AvAM vidhAnomAM pradhAna sUra e che ke karmanAM baMdhanamAMthI chUTavA Atmadarzana Avazyaka che. zItoSNIyanA uparyukta ullekhomAM tathA anyatra AcAra-brahmacaryamAM karmo khapAvavAno (karma-kSapaNa) koI Adeza nathI. sutra 3.3.125 - tuN vi tunaM-mitta, vahiyA nimicchaNi? (tuM ja tAro mitra che, bahAra koI mitranI kema IcchA rAkhe che ?) gItAnA kArtava hRAtmino vaMdhu: ane vaMthurAtmAtmanastI enAlaiivAtminA nitaH (6.5-6 - jeNe pote potAne jItyo che tenA potAno pote mitra che) jevA AdezanuM sUcana kare che AtmAne ja pakaDI rAkhatAM du:khathI chUTI zakAya che (sarakhAvo - attAneva nibhinna, vuiM RTI povagsa 3.3.126), tema iza upaniSada paNa kahe che ma La mUtAcAnaivAmUl vinAnataH, tatra je moda : rovA vinupasthata:, - jJAnInA jemAM (AtmAmAM) badhAM prANIo AtmarUpa thayAM che, (AtmAnuM) ekatva jonArane tyAM (AtmAnI bAbatamAM) moha zo, zoka zo ? (7 sarakhAvo hetavALyamiTuM sarvama...chAMdogya upaniSada 6.15.3, mAtmAna gRhAte..zvetAzvatara upaniSada-1.1.15). zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha jevA cAra zabdono ullekha pahelI vAra thayo che (3.4.128: tevA ullekho uparathI AgaLa jatAM jainadarzanamAM kaSAyano vicAra rUDha thayo che). sUtra 3.4.129mAM pharIthI ekatvanI vicAraNA karI cheH ne paNa nAkhavuM, e saLaM nADuM...savyo apramattarU nalthi mayaM (je ekane jANe che te sarvane jANe che;...sarvatra apramattane bhaya hoto nathI), te chAMdogya upaniSada 6.1.4 (...na mRfpaDeva sarva mayaM vijJAta vAta.. ityAdi) tathA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.4.5 (...mAtmA..draSTa .nizciAlitavya Atmina:...ni...vijJAnanedra sarva vidita) sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. zubIMgane (vo.ma.pR.85) ne pApAne se vahune...(3.4.129) nA arthamAM muzkelI paDe che. paNa ahIM "eka"no artha AtmA" karavAno rahe che; ane te pUrvAparanA saMdarbhamAM yathArtha che. A sUtra, pUrva sahijha vahudhA vanti (eka sane vidvAna bahuprakAre jaNAve che, ane ko tevo vahudhA niviSTA, tuM maruM tamu norama (eka deva bahuprakAre rahyo che, tene bhartA, vaLI tene goptA kahe che. taittirIya AraNyaka 3.14) jevo Adeza Ape che. AvA pazyane (satya jonAra-samajanArane) koIpaNa upAdhi hotI nathI (3.4.131), sakho ba-paribhASA-" , - zItoSNIyamAM tathAgata (3.3.124, uparAMta sUtrakRtAM. 2.218) ane mahAyAna (mahInA 3.4.129) jevA zabdo bauddhadarzananI paribhASA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vaLI, sUtra 3.4.130 mAM kodhathI zarU karIne duHkha sudhInI anyonyanAM kAraNa-kAryanI hAramALA jevI zabdonI gUMthaNIne bauddhonA pratItyasamutpAdanA upadeza (-bhavajAti-duHkha-skaMdha, ityAdi sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. zabIMga vo. uparanI samIkSAmAM enTe loyamAne paNa A muddAnI noMdha karI che (ZIL. 1929, pR.160). "tathAgata" zabda Arya bhASAno nathI evA che je thomasanA maMtavyamAM zaMkA vyakta karI ke.Ara. normane te zabdanI "sugata" zabdanA AdhAre vyutpatti darzAvI che (Journal of the Pali Text society 15, pR. 154). AvA muddAonI phrAuvAlanare (.pu. 197-198) vistArathI carcA karI che. zItoSNIyamAM AvatI. krodha...duHkha sudhInA zabdonI hAramALA maulika ane bauddhadarzanathI svataMtra vikasI che. huM 1.4 AcAra-brahmacarya-samyatva (AcAra 4, uddezo 1-4) lokaricaya adhyayanamAM sUtra 2.6.96 (siyA nanja. maUmi dhvati) dvArA zastraparijJA adhyayananuM sUcana thayuM che. A rIte zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM samaye to rU nAgirA (3.1.106) uparAMta no si gAma (3.1.106), vivitA to, vaMtA toui (3.1.111), topAsa no (3.4.129) ItyAdi vidhAno dvArA luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 11

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lokavicaya adhyayananI spaSTa asara jaNAya che. vaLI zItoSNIyamAM paryAya' (panavanAta 3.1.109), kALanI AkAMkSA rAkhanAra" ke ''jIvananI jhaMkhanA vagarano" (3.2.116, 3.4.129, juo AgaLa SS 1.6.2), ''prANIonA prANa" (3.2.121), ''loka-aloka-prapaMca" (3.3.127) jevI navI paribhASA jovA maLe che. (zastraparikSA ane lokavicaya adhyayano AvI paribhASAthI aparicita che.) paraMtu samyaktva nAmanuM cothuM adhyayana to zastraparijJA adhyayananI paripakava bhUmikA upara racAyuM che. temAM varNana karavAnI eka navI rIta apanAvI che. enAM pUrvavartI adhyayanomAM aneka sthaLe tti lemi'' (ema huM kahuM chuM), tathA '"mAvatA...pati'' (bhagavAne..jaNAvyuM che, AcAra 1.1.7, 1.2.13, 1.3.24, 1.4.35, 1.5.43, 1.6.51, 1.7.58) evuM jaNAvI, 'ame anagAra - bhikSu - chIe evo dAvo karatA ''DhoMgI" bhikSuo'" ityAdi varNano (AcAra 1.2.12, 1.3.23, 1.4.34, 1.5.42, 1.6.50, 1.7.57) je rIte zarU thayAM hatAM tene ahIM judI rIte rajU karyAM che, jema ke, se mi - ne ya aDyA...paDunnA...AmisyA mahaMtA mAvaMto, sabne te vamAvavuMti...(te huM kahuM chuM-je atIta-thaI gayelA-bhAvimAM AvanAra arhata bhagavAna, te badhA Ama jaNAve che-4.1.132 sarakhAvo uttarAdhyayana 3.45), mavaMtI p-AvaMtI toLaMsi samA ca mAdaLA ya puo vivAyaM vayaMti...sane pALA..haMtabA...agAriya-vayaLameya. (keTalAye zramaNa ane brAhmaNa pRthak vivAda kare che ke...sarve jIvonI hiMsA karavI joIe...A anArya vacana che. 4.2.136, tathA juo 4.2.137). A pachInA sUtramAM '"Arya vacana' mATe '"ame" (prathama puruSa bahuvacana, sarakhAvoH ''tti vemi'' mAM prathamapuruSa eka vacana !) zabdathI koI judI ja vyakti vidhAno rajU kare che (vayaM-puLa parva AvavAmo..Ariya vayaLameya. 4.2.138). A adhyayanamAM AvatAM AvAM varNanonI zailI kaMIka navI lAge che. temAMya AvaMtI -AvaMtI thI zarU thatAM sUtro upara to pAMcamA adhyayana lokasAranI (pa.1.147) spaSTa asara thaI che. vaLI, A uparAMta, samyakatvamAM jIvanA arthamAM prANajIva-bhUta-sattva (4.1.132-138) jANavAnA arthamAM dRSTa-zruta-mata-vijJAta (4.1.133, 4.2.136, sarakhAvo 4.2.137-sarakhAvo bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.5.6 Atmani...che zrute mate vijJAte tuM sarva viktim), kahevAnA arthamAM AvavuMtti bhAsaMti panaveMti pavRtti (4.1.132, 4.2.137-138), haNavAnA ajjAveyavvA arthamAM taLA parighettavvA pariyAveyavvA dveyannA (4.1.132, 4.2.136-138) jevA ''zabdADaMbaro'no (cliche) anekavAra prayoga, tathA Asava-parisava ane zramaNa-brAhmaNa (4.2.134, 136, juo AgaLa SS 1.8), saMsAra (4.2.134) jevA navA zabdo, vagerenA AdhAre ema kahI zakAya ke pUrvavartI adhyayanonI vicArasaraNI rajU karavAnI samyakatva adhyayananI rIta-zailI judI ja tarI Ave che. AkhuM zastraparikSA adhyayana samyaktvane paricita hatuM te bAbatanuM samyaktva adhyayanamAM paNa samarthana maLI Ave che. puddhaM niAyasamaruM (pUrvakAlIna cha nikAyanI vicAraNA-samaya, 4.2.139) jevA zabdothI samagra zastraparijJA adhyayanano ahIM ullekha thayo che (juo zIMga.vo.ma. pR.88, Ti.1)17. A rIte paribbA-vivege mAsia (=zastraparijJAno viveka jaNAvyo cheH AcAra 5.3 159), pariggA-samami (=zastraparikSAnI vicAraNA-samayamAM AcAra II.16.801) jevAM AcArAMgamAM AvatAM vidhAnomAM zastraparijJA adhyayanano spaSTa saMdarbha darzAvyo hoya che. sUtrakRtAMgamAM paNa ahiMsA-samaya (I.1.4.10,4.11.10) zabdathI zastraparikSAno nirdeza thayo che. - - - - jaina paraMparAe brahmacaryanA A cothA adhyayananuM nAma samyaktva kyA kAraNe rAkhyuM haze te A adhyayana uparathI spaSTa kahI zakAtuM nathI. samyaktva jaNAve che ke dRSTamAtrathI - A lokathI - nirveda (khinna, virakta)-dazA pAmavI, saMsAranI upekSA karavI, ane lokaiSaNA na rAkhavI (@ihiM nibeya narjInA, no logaspesaLa re. 4.1.133.) te rIte lokavicaya adhyayanamAM paNa AnaMdathI (2.6.99 = 3.2.119) tathA AdAnathI (=karmothI 2.4.86) nirveda prApta karavAnuM vidhAna che. AvA vicAro vaidika sAhityamAM paNa prAyaH zabdazaH maLe che. karmanA 12 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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samUharUpa lokanI parIkSA karIne brAhmaNe saMsArathI) nirveda pAmavAnuM muMDaka upaniSadanuM vacana che (parIkSya novezana vitAna vIhALo nirvamayAt 1.2.12). muMDaka upaniSada jaina-bauddha mata karatAMya prAcIna che ane tenI upara jaina-bauddhonI asara nathI tema herTela (pR.65-67) ane saeNlaoNmena (pU.101-102) paNa jaNAve che. gItA (2.52) paNa moha dura thatAM nirveda pAmavAnuM (jantAni nirva..) jaNAve che. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada jaNAve che ke - tamAtmAnaM viditvA brAhmaNAH...lokaiSaNAyAzca vyutthAya bhikSAcaryaM caranti...tasmAt...bAlyaM tuM pAMDityaM ca nividyAtha muna: mauna vAmInaM nirvidyAtha brAhika (te AtmAne jANIne brAhmaNo - brahmane jANanArA - lokaiSaNAmAMthI chUTI jaI bhikSAcaryA - gRhatyAga - Acare che... tethI bALakabuddhi ane paMDitAIthI nirveda pAmIne munie, munitva tathA amunitathI nirveda pAmIne brahma-jANanAra-brAhmaNa-thavuM joIe. 3.5.1). thImenA mate (pR.95) A upaniSadanA vicAro mULa prAcIna iza upaniSada 9-10 nA AdhAre vikasyA che. (mauna eTale "muninuM AcaraNa", AcAra cUrNi-pR.76 -paNa A ja artha jaNAve che.) sUtra 4.4.145mAM (nasya tni pure pachI matte tasa #o siyA - jene pahelAM ke pachI - jJAna - nathI hotuM, tene madhya-gALAmAM to kyAMthI hoya ?) AvatI tarkaprakriyAne mAMDUkya upaniSada - kArikAnI (vatathya prakaraNa-6 : jhAlAvane yatrApti vartamAnefpa tattatha - je zarUAtamAM ane aMte nathI te vartamAnamAM paNa tema ja hoya che) tarka-prakriyA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya tevaLI juoH tejobiMdu upaniSada - aMtaryaHi vahida satyamattAmAve vahirta . 5.28; vaLI sarakhAvo thastha pure pachI 2 ma2e 2 sthi vina, suttanipAta 35.52 brahmacaryamAM rahI je samurabrUya - zarIra - khaMkherI de che te vIra che - sa..vIre ne dhuNAti samusmathe vasatAM vaMmati (4.4.143, juo 5.2.155, 6.2.183, 6.4.190). bauddha paribhASAmAM paNa samurayane zarIra kahyuM che (brahmacarya mATe juo zUbIMga vo.ma. pR.89). kaTha upaniSada paNa brahmacaryanuM mAhAtma darzAve che (dA.ta. chinto vratavarya vanti 2.15, vistAra mATe juo AgaLa zuM 1.8). samyakatva adhyayanamAM koIvAra saMlekhanAno (AmaraNa anazana vrata) nirdeza maLe che. 4.3.141mAM potAne kasavuM ane jIrNa karI devuM ane jema jIrNa kASThane havyavAha (agni, vaidika yajJayAgAdikanI paribhASA !) bALI mUke che tema zarIra khaMkherI devuM, evo Adeza Apyo che. AnA saMketo lokaricaya adhyayanamAM (..dhUNe masarIra 2.6.99 * = 5.3.16 1) ane zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM (tiraNI parivra 3.2.119, = uttarAdhyayana 6.14, nAvaeti nIvirya 3.4.129, juo 5.5.166, sUtrakatAMga- I. 3.2.13, I.3.4,15, I.5.2.25) paNa maLe che. te rIte nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada paNa kALanI pratIkSA karavAnuM (nameva pratIkSeta 3.61) jaNAve che. jo ke brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM brahmacarya apanAvI saMsAratyAga karavAnA Adarza pratye vadhAre jhoka Apyo che, paraMtu koI koI sthaLe AmaraNa anazanano paNa ullekha thayo che, brahmacaryAnA dhUta ane vimokSa nAme adhyayanonAM muLa AvA anazananA ullekhomAM rahyAM che te viSe AgaLa ( 1.6. 1-2) vicAra karavAmAM Avaze. huM 1.5 AcAra-brahmacarya-lokasAra (AcAra 5, uddezo 1-6) brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanA pAMcamA adhyayana lokasAranuM bIjuM nAma AvaMtI che, kAraNa ke tenAM keTalAMya sUtronI zarUAta sAvaMtI ca-sAvaMtI (keTalAka 5.1,147.150: 5.2 152 154. 5 3 157) jevA thAya che. AvA prakAranI zarUAta AcAra 1.1.5,8mAM (vyAvaMtI savvAvatI...) jovA maLe che. lokasAra sUtra 5.2.153 (...madhuvaM...vipariNAmadhaH) paNa AcAra 1.5.45nuM punarAvartana kare che. lokasAra adhyayananA pahelA sUtramAM loka-parAmarza ke teno sAra rajU karavAnuM sUcavyuM che. (...tnosi viparImusaMtI...viparImuvaMtI. 51-147) tenA AdhAre paNa A adhyayananuM nAma lokasAra rAkhyuM hoya. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 13

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zastraparijJA ane te pachInAM bIjAM adhyayanonI vicAradhArA sarvatra pracalita thaI gayA pachI, lokasAra adhyayananI vicArasaraNI lAMbA kALe prakAzamAM AvI lAge che. te zastraparijJA adhyayananA AdhAre vikasI che, temAM zastraparijJAno ullekha (...pariNA-vivenI mAhite. 5.3.159, juo upara huM 1.4) paNa thayo che ane tenAM keTalAMka sUtro upara zastraparijJAnAM keTalAMka sUtronI (1:1.5,8 ane 1.5.45, upara juo) spaSTa asara thaI che. zastraparijJAnA vicAronI sAthe sAthe samagra lokasAramAM, ane khAsa to tenA cothA, pAMcamA ane chaThThA uddezomAM navenavA bhikSuvRtti apanAvatA (dIkSita thayelA) sAdhakane mArgadarzana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. tenI zarUAta to trIjA udezanA aMtima sUtrathI (..paMta tUEUR va...5.3.161) thaI che. navenavA bhikSue gAmegAma vihAra karatI vakhate keTalAka lokonA vicitra vyavahAra TALavA zuM karavuM, ane bhikSA levA jatAM kema vartavuM, vagere A badhA uddezomAM jaNAvyuM che. A udezonI paribhASA judI tarI Ave che; jema ke tuM jUduM...(5.3.161), mANuI kUphanamApta...taddI-tamuttI-tapuradvAra...jaya vihArI...mAmamA..pasAramALa...(5.4.162, sarakhAvo 5.6.172). ityAdi. eNe potAnI iMdriyone saMsAraznotamAM (kAcabAnI jema) sarvatra saMkelI levI (5.5.166). vaLI, 5.4.162mAM IrSA samiti tathA 5.4.164mAM avamodarikA (anazana vratano eka prakAra), vagerenAM varNano ekadama daSTigocara thayAM che (sarakhAvo - uttarAdhyayana 24.8). uparAMta, karmakovida (5.1.151), vigraha (=zarIra, 5.2.152), zIla (5.3.158), jana (5.4.164), yuddhArDa (pa.3.159), AgAriya (=gRhastha, 5.1.149), vagere jevA zabdo A adhyayanamAM navA che. tAM paNa zastraparijJAnA vicAro lokasAra adhyayanamAM ThekaThekANe rajU thayA che. temAM jaNAvyuM che ke avidyAmAMthI chuTayA vagara je mokSanI vAta kare che (ne aNuvarattA vijJANa patimokSamAhuM...) teo janmamaraNanA pherAmAM aTavAyA kare che (5.1.151). baMdha ane mokSa manuSyanI aMdara ja che (vaMdapovo tuTTaStthava 5.2.155). mana parva manuSyALAM vAra vaMzanoyo: (maitrAyaNa upaniSada 4.11 : mana ja manuSyanAM baMdha ane mokSanuM kAraNa che). virata thayelo muni lAMbA kALa sudhI titikSA kare che (titi+9te 5.2.156), ane saMsAra-ogha tarI jAya che (5.3.161). munie vANI upara saMyama rAkhavo ane potAnAmAM surakSita rahevuM (vagutte pasaMvuDesUtrakRtAMga aa.2.2.12 mAMthI ahIM prakSipta) ane pApa tyajI devAM; A rIte munivRtti apanAvavI (5.4.165). sUtrakRtAMga paNa sarva saMgone choDI, sarva duHkho sahana karatAM a-saMsArI thavAnuM kahe che (I.7.28, 1.8.26, 51). sUtra 5.5.170 ane 5.5.171 - e baMne sUtro sthAna phera thayAM che, te baMnenuM yogya sthAna kadAca sUtra 5.5.166 pachI hoya ema zUjhIge sUcavyuM che (vo.ma. pR.9pa-Ti.7 ane pR.96). A sUtromAM vaidika vicArono darzana thAya che evI muni jaMbUvijaye paNa emanI AcAra-AvRttimAM noMdha karI che (atha tunanA tata tvatti' rUtti vaivuiM siddhara vAna sada vidheyA. AcAra pR.55, Ti.1). te sUtro jaNAve che: "sAce, tuM ja te che ke jene tAre haNavuM che tema tuM mAne che...te (maranAra athavA mAranAra) Rju ane pratibaddhajIvI (jIvaMta tattva) che. tethI tuM na haNanAra che, (ka) na haNAvanAra paNa che." (tuma si nAma te veva = daMtatraM ti mannasi...gaM yaM-paDivuddhanIvI. tA ra haMtA vi thAya). AcAra 3.3.122mAM (sAtato vahiyA pAsa. ta 3 haMtA 7 vi thAya, - AtmAthI - AtmarUpe - bahAra jo. tethI na to haNanAra che ke na taNAvanAra paNa che) paNa Avo ja Azaya spaSTa che (juo upara huM 1.3)". kaTha upaniSada paNa kaMIka AvA ja zabdomAM Avo ja vicAra vyakta kare cheH dantA renmate hatuM tathremacate hata...nAya ni cate. haNanAra jo (AtmAne) haNavAnuM mAne ane haNAyelo jo (AtmAne) haNelo (haNAyelo) mAne...te haNato nathI ane haNAto nathI (kaTha upaniSada 1.19, sarakhAvo - vaM pAyata hanti muM. gItA 2.21 vistAra mATe juo thImenI noMdha, pR. 97 lokasAra AgaLa jaNAve tathA moIna mathaka pa-160 naoNra) 14] [ sAmIpyuM : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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che ke je AtmA che te vijJAtA che...jenAthI te jANe che te AtmA che, te AtmavAdI...kahevAya che (je mAyA se vinnAyA,...neLa vinALapha se AyA..." AyAvADuM...viyAdi. 5.pa.171). chAMdogya upaniSada (7.7.1) paNa kahe che ke tomanuM 7 vijJAnenaiva vijJAnAti (A lokane te vijJAnathI ja jANe che). lokasAra adhyayananA aMte (pa.6.176) aupaniSada tattvajJAnanI parAkASThA darzAvatI vicArasaraNI vyakta thaI che, jema ke, ''ahIM Agatigati jANIne vikhyAtamAM (=AtmatattvamAM) rAcelo te janmamaraNano mArga oLaMgI jAya che." (ha...ajver nAphamaraLassuM vaDumAM vivavAyara). '"sarve smaraNa (athavA janma-sara, athavA vANI-sva nivRtta thAya che. tarka jyAM hotA nathI, tyAM mati grahaNa karatI nathI.' (savva sA niyakRti. tA nathaeN na vid, marUM tath na AhiyA). kaTha upaniSada jaNAve che ke gatavaryam..naiSA taLa matiApaneyA (2.9. eno tarka thaI zakato nathI. te mati tarkathI prApta thaI zakatI nathI.),- nAyamAtmA pravacanena tamya: (2.22 muMDaka upaniSada 3.2.3. A AtmA pravacanathI prApta thaI zakato nathI.) A AtmA iMdriyo ane manathI para che tevuM aneka upaniSado paNa jaNAve che (jema ke muMDaka upaniSada 3.1.8, 1.6 taittirIya upaniSada 2.4.1 = 2.9.1 = tejo biMdu upaniSada 20; kena upaniSada 1.3; uparAMta kaTha upaniSada 2.6.12, 90, bauddhadarzananA saMdarbhamAM juo zrADara pR.39-42). lokasAranuM A aMtima sUtra AtmatattvanuM varNana AgaLa calAve cheH (mor appadbhALasta veyanne) te ojas - rAgadveSathI para - apratiSThAnanuM kSetrajJa che" hAkaranA mantavya mujaba vaidika paraMparAnA tapasvionAM tapanA pariNAme teomAM dekhAtI e prakAranI tejasvitA sAthe ojasanI tulanA thaI zake. AcAra-brahmacaryamAM samyagdarzanavALA kSetrajJa mATe ojasa zabda teja-jyoti-nA arthamAM rUDha thayo lAge che (juo AcAra 6.5.196; 7.3.209, 210; 7.6.224. sarakhAvo - AcAra II.16.800 - vimusla vittuti...ruppamastuM va jotiNA agnithI zuddha rUpAnI jema vimukta zuddha thAya che...).16 'te (ojasa ? Atmatattva) dIrgha nathI-Drasva nathI,...lohita (lAla) nathI,...zIta nathI-uSNa nathI, snigdha nathI-zuSka nathI, nathI kAya (zarIra)-nathI bIjAMkura (4), nathI saMga, nathI strI ke nathI puruSa ke nathI anyathA (bIjuM kAMI, napuMsaka?)" (se na rIphre-na hasyuM, "na lohi..... sI-na sande, na nidne-na jIvuM, na ADa-na rahe, na saMge, na tthI na purise na annA. sUtra 5.6.176 cAlu). lokasAranA A vicAro paNa upaniSadonA vicAro sAthe sAmya dharAve che. zvetAzvatara upaniSada (5.10) kahe che ke naiva strI na pumAneSa 7 vaivAyuM napuMsa: (e-AtmA - strI nathI ke puruSa nathI ke e napuMsaka paNa nathI. sarakhAvo - tejobiMdu upaniSada 6.28 -6 strI na yoSitro vRddhA na nyA 7 vitaMtutA te strI nathI, yoSit (pariNItA, bAlikA) nathI, vRddhA nathI, kanyA nathI, vidhavA (paNuM) nathI (?), bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (3.8,8) - tAkSara... azrUtam anaNu ahUsvam avIryam - alohitam - asneham... asaMgam - arasam anyam... (te akSara tattva sthUla nathI-aNu nathI, hrasva nathI-dIrdha nathI, lohita nathI, sneha (snigdha nathI, saMga nathI, rasa nathI, gaMdha nathI...) A AtmAne pANI bhIMjAtuM nathI, vAyu sUkavato nathI (gItA 2.23,24). - V - - = 1 1 lokasAra Akhare jaNAve che ke ''te pariza (badhuM jANanA2) ane saMjJamAM. (saMjJA-svarUpa ? yogya jANanAra) upamA nathI hotI. te rUparahita sattAmAtra che. te apadane (zabda ke sthAnathI para) pada nathI. te nathI zabda, nathI rUpa, nathI gaMdha, nathI rasa, nathI sparza, ema eTaluM ja. (rine sange vamAna vidhnapha. marUvI sattA, apayamsa paraM tasthi. me na de, 5 rUpe, 7 paMthe, na rahe, na pAse, phanveyAvaMti sUtra 5.6.176). kaTha upaniSada (3.15) paNa AtmAnuM varNana karatAM jaNAve che ke Atmatattva aza-asparzam-arUpam-garasam-gAndhavat-va yata chAMdogya upaniSada (7.24.1) kahe che ke yatra na-anyat pati na-anya-zRoti...sa khUmA (jyAM bIjuM joto nathI, bIjuM sAMbhaLato nathI te bhUmA che.) luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] - [ 15

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hu 1.6 AcAra-brahmacarya - adhyayana 6-9. brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanAM 6 thI 9 adhyayanonAM viSayavastu prastuta saMzodhana lekhanA viSayathI judAM hovAne lIdhe te adhyayanomAMthI ahIM keTalIka jarUrI noMdha ja levAmAM AvI che. vaLI, dhUta nAme chaThThA adhyayana pachI AvatuM mahAparijJA nAme sAtamuM adhyayana zvetAMbara jaina paraMparA mujaba lupta thayuM che (juo bhaTTa 1987), tethI dhUtanI vicAraNA pachI vimokSa nAme AThamA adhyayananI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvI che. uparAMta, upadhAnazruta nAme navamAM adhyayananuM viSayavastu (mahAvIranuM jIvanavRttAMta, ityAdhei to dhUta ane vimokSa adhyayanonAM viSaya vastu karatAMya vaLI taddana bhinna hovAthI tenI carcA-vicAraNAne A lekhamAM sthAna ApyuM nathI. - huM 1.6.1. AcAra-brahmacarya-dhUta (AcAra-6, uddezo 1.5) dhUta adhyayananAM pUrvavartI adhyayanomAM dhULe mUsarI (2.6.99 = 5.3.161 ane 4.3.141) jevAM vidhAno uparAMta mRtyukALanI apekSA rAkhavAnuM jaNAvatAM keTalAMka vidhAno (6 1.4) Ave che, e badhAMnA AdhAre dhUta adhyayanamAM dhUta-viSaya (karma ke zarIra choDI devuM, saMsAratyAga, saMlekhanA, I.) para bhAra mUkyo che, te tenA pahelA udezamAM AvatA dhUta zabda (6.1.181) uparathI spaSTa thAya che. A kAraNothI A adhyayananuM nAma dhUta rAkhyuM che. temAM rogonAM nAma gaNAvatA oi (6.1.179) zloko 13-15 ane gadde ...ritAvA : 6.1.180) sahitanAM sUtra 6.1.179 thI sUtra 6.1.181 sudhInA kula traNa sUtro prakSipta che (juo zUbIMgaAcAra pR.55). vaLI, sAta vArda mAgavA' (6.1.180) sUtrapaMkti sUtra kRtAMga 1.16 sAthe, tathA sahimAyata... vayaMti (6.4.190) pada paMkti sUtrakRtAMga I 132 samAMtara jAya che. dhUta adhyayananA bIjA tathA trIjA udezomAM acala (6.2.184) ane nagna (6.2.185) uparAMta keTalAka sAdhuonAM, vihAra, vastro, vagerenuM varNana Ave che. tenA cothA ane pAMcamA udezomAM khAsa dhyAna kheMce evA koI vicAra nathI. tenI aMtima paMktiomAM (6.5.198) zarIra-bheda, kAya-vidhAta (BHIMvatI) ItyAdi zabdothI saMlekhanAnuM sUcana thayuM che. tenAM ghaNAM sUtro keTalAMka adhyayanonAM sUtro sAthe samAMtara jAya che, te badhAMnI ahIM noMdha levI Avazyaka nathI, dA.ta. sUtra 63.187 (..sAdhavuM..samayagAthA .) = 8 :-2.2145.217,219;6.221223;7.226-227. sUtra 6.2.186 (te zAse pu...thayAse jJAti = 6.5.196) = AcAra 5.2.153, sUtra. 6.4.195 (...nigivake..paradalane jJAsi...) = AcAra 5.6.173, sUtra 6.5.196 (saMrti virti 3vasanuM nibbA) = sUtrakRtAMga II.1.15-mULa sUtrakRtAMga 3.4.19-20 mAMthI levAmAM AvyuM che (juo bole. I pR.139), sarakhAvo - zAMrti nirvANaparamAM..gItA 6.15. 7 1.6.2. AcAra-brahmacarya-vimokSa (AcAra 8, uddezo 1-8) brahmacaryanA AThamA adhyayanamAM 4-7 udezonA aMte tathA udeza 8nA pahelA zlokamAM AvatA vinoda zabdanA lIdhe A adhyayananuM nAma vimokSa rAkhyuM lAge che. (vimoha nAma vadhAre yogya lAge che !). temAM mahAvIra mATe "buddhizALI brAhmaNa" (mAhokha marDamatI 8.1.202, 8.2.208) ane "AzuprajJa" (8.1.201 sUtrakRtAMga I.6.7) jevAM nAma navAM che. tenA 2-7 gadyamaya udezomAM bhikSuone (samA) saMbodhIne temanAM khAnapAna, vastra, va. viSayanuM varNana karyuM che. tenA padyamaya AThamA udezamAM (25 zloko) paNa A ja viSayanuM vivecana thayuM che (dA.ta. 8.6.224, 8.7.228). vimokSa adhyayanamAM saMlekhanA ke bhikSAnA niyamo saMbaMdhI je kAMI paribhASA yojI hoya (juo upara huM 1.4, DuM 1.6.1) te sivAya Itara navA zabdaprayogo paNa jovA maLe che, jema ke gupti (8.2.206), tapasvI (8.4.215) satya, satyavAdI (8.6.224, 8.7.228), nirjarA (8.8.zloka 5), kaSAya (8.7.228, 8.8 16 ]. [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1991

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zloka 3) sarva - gAtra - nirodha (8.8 zloka 19), parISaha-upasarga (8.8.zloka 22), ityAdi. vaLI, 8.8. zloka 6 sUtrakRtAMga 1.8.15 sAthe ane 8.8. zloka 24 sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.2.12 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vimokSa adhyayananAM viSayavastu - sUtro khUba astavyasta thaI gayAM che, chatAM paNa tenAM viSayavastunI samAMtara jatI vaidika vicArasaraNInAM eka-be udAharaNo ahIM khUba dhyAna kheMce evAM che sUtra 8.2.204 jaNAve che ke bhikSue zamazAne ke sUnA gharamAM ke vRkSa nIce ke parvatanI guphAmAM ke kAMI kuMbhAra-vAsa (ghara)mAM rahevuM (se upavaravU...susAli vA sunnI Ifsa vA varSamUcifsa vA riyuti vA kuMbhAtali vA...= AcAra 9.2.279, uttarAdhyayana 2.20; 35.6). paramahaMsaparivrAjaka upaniSada ane nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada (3.86) paNa tevuMja jaNAve cheH...yathA. nirgrantho..zUnyAgAra...vRkSamUla-kulAlazAlA..girikuhara-kaMdara-koTara...sthaMDileSu teSu-aniketavAsya-prayatna=...dehatyAgaM rati = jAbAla upaniSada 6 = bhikSuka upaniSada; vaLI sarakhAvo- savaumUrva susAne vA pabdhatAne guhANuM vI..suttanipAta 54.4). A badhAM upaniSadomAM saMlekhanAnuM ja varNana thayuM che (te saMdarbhamAM juo "hatyA ti" - "dehatyAga kare che" jevA zabdo!). uparAMta, vimokSa 8.8 zloka 4 (vIvirya nama9nA mAM no lava patthA - jIvitanI icchA na karavI ane maraNa paNa na mAgavuM) sAthe nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 3. 6061 (mRtyu 2 nAmanaMta gIvita vA vAyaMvana...naminaMta mAM nAmita vittama) sarakhAva huM 1.6.3. AcAra-brahmacarya-upadhAnazruta (AcAra , uddezo 1-4) * tapa ke vrata jevAM dhArmika AcaraNa mATe upadhAna zabda vaparAya che. brahmacaryanA A chellA adhyayanamAM mahAvIre potAnA jIvanakALa daramiyAna sAdhelAM tapazcaryA, titikSA, dhyAna, vrato, bhikSAvihAra, ityAdinuM varNana Ave che, tethI tene upadhAnazruta (ke upadhAnasUtra) nAma ApyuM che. A adhyayana saMpUrNa padyamaya (ArSa-AryA racAyuM che, ane brahmacaryanAM badhAM adhyayanothI bhinna tarI Ave che. A adhyayana viSenA saMzodhanAtmaka vivecana mATe juo chIMga-AcAra pR.51, 59-63. ahIM tenuM vivecana yogya nathI. huM 1.7 AcAra-brahmacarya : vibhAga 1-2 brahmacaryanAM upara jaNAvelAM chellAM traNa adhyayanonAM viSayavastu (bhikSuonAM khAnapAna, vastra, ItyAdi) temanAM pUrvavartI 2-5 adhyayanomAM AvatAM zastraparijJAne anurUpa sAmAnya vivecanothI bhinna tarI Ave che. te badhAM temanAM pUrvavartI 1-5 adhyayano karatAM samayamaryAdAnI dRSTie paNa "navAM" che, tevA saMketo kaMIka lokasAra adhyayanamAM (Du 1.5) paNa jovA maLe che. AthI, 1-5 adhyayano 6-8 adhyayano karatAM kaMIka prAcIna gaNAya. 6-9 adhyayanomAM vimokSa karatAM upadhAnazrata prAcIna gaNI zakAya. dhUta, vimokSa, jevAM adhyayanomAM maLatA bhikSuonI dainika caryA, vagere mATenA niyamo mahadaMze brAhmaNa paraMparAmAMthI apanAvavAmAM AvyA che. AvA viSayanA jaina AgamagraMtho upara zabIMganuM pradAna mahatvanuM che. vaLI jainadarzanamAM saMlekhanA jevAM jaina tapa paNa brAhmaNa paraMparAnI asara nIce vikasyAM che te upara kurta phona kApa<< (uber die sterbefasten...AmaraNa anazanavrata upara.... hAsbarga 1929) ane meDama keyAnAM viziSTa pradAna thayAM che (Fasting Unto Death According to the Jaina Tradition Acta Orientalia 1977; vaLI juo peTrIka olIvalenuM Ritual Suicide...vIenA jarnala 1978, pR. 19-44). brahmacaryanAM 2-5 adhyayanomAM pahelA adhyayana zastraparijJAnI vicArasaraNIno Adarza laI jIva-AtmA, loka-saMsAra, karma parijJA ane mokSa jevA viSayonI carcA thaI che. te pachInAM 6-9 adhyayanomAM bhikSuonAM vihAra, caryA, nItiniyamo (adhyayano 6,8, mahAparizA nAmanuM sAtamuM adhyayana lupta thayuM gaNAya che) tathA mahAvIranI caryA (adhyayana 9) para vadhAre bhAra mUkyo che. AthI ApaNe samagra brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhane be vibhAgomAM vaheMcI zakIe; vibhAga 1 (adhyayano 1-5) ane vibhAga 2 (adhyayano 6-9). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 17

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6 1.7.1. AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1 nuM maulika tattvaciMtana uparyukta vivecananA AdhAre brahmacarya vibhAga 1 nA (adhyayana 1-5) vicAro saMkSepamAM nIce mujaba goThavI zakAya : (1) guNo-viSayo iMdriyone AkarSe che ane pApa karma tarapha dore che; pariNAme jIvane AtmAne) bAMdhe che, tene janmamaraNanA pherAmAM aTavAvuM paDe che (juo phrAuvAlvara 1,pR.110thI AgaLa). (2) tethI mana, vacana ane kAryo dvArA adhyAtmamAM - aMtarAtmAmAM citta saMkelI (sthira thaI pApa karmono tyAga keravo, (3) ane gRhatyAga karI, laukika vyavahAra tyajI dharmanuM AcaraNa karavuM, tathA AvI paDatA sarva sparzI sahana karavA. (4) AthI A loka sAthe tene baMdhana (saMdhi-graMtha) rahetuM nathI, ane te saMsArathI mukta thAya che. ' brAhmaNa paraMparAnI vicAradhArAmAM AtmajJAnane mahattva ApyuM che. te vicAro jaNAve che ke avidyA-ajJAnathI (AtmajJAnanA abhAve) jIvAtmAne saMsAranuM baMdhana rahe che. ene pariNAme te duHkha anubhave che, janmamaraNanA saMsAracakramAM pharyA kare che. paNa gRhatyAga karI - saMnyAsa svIkArI - rAgadveSAdi iMdriyonA viSayothI thatAM sukhaduHkha Asakti vagara sahana karavA ane Atmarata - AtmaniSTha rahevuM. AthI tene saMsAranuM baMdhana rahetuM nathI; tene mokSaprApti thAya che. vyaktigata jIvAtmAne keMdrIbhUta karatI AvI (microcosm) vicArapraNAlInI samAMtara cAlI AvatI vizvabrahmanI, samagra vizva brahma che evI (macrocosm) vicApraNAlIe jIvAtmAnI vicArapraNAlImAM krAMti sarjI. pariNAme, te baMne praNAlIonA tAdAbhyathI - "huM - jIvAtmA - brahma chuM" ke ""te-bahma huM chuM" - evA tAdAsya jJAnathI jIvAtmA mukta thAya che, tevA vicAro pracalita thayA (juo phAuvAlvara 1. 5.7rathI AgaLa, tathA hyuma-prakaraNa 5, pR.23-32, hAImAna pR.201-207). AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1mAM vizvahmanI vicApraNAlI (macrocosm) maLatI nathI, paNa jIvAtmAnI vicAspraNAlI (microcosm) hatI te uparyukta vivecanothI spaSTa thAya che. paraMtu temAM pApakarmanI-zastranI parijJAjJAna-vivekane mahattva AMdhyuM che. guNo-viSayothI jIvAtmA AkarSAya che ane pariNAme baMdhana (saMdhi) anubhave che. uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM saMdhi-graMthi zabdanuM sthAna yoga zabda lIdhuM. . mahAvIranA samayamAM dharmanA nAme aneka pApakarmo thatAM hatAM. mahAvIre te dUra karavAnI prAthamika pharaja samajI ane pApakarmono-hiMsAno virodha karyo. Ama, ahiMsAne mahattva ApatAM mahAvIre AtmatattvanA jJAnanI carcA pratye lakSya na ApyuM (baddha paNa te rIte Atmatattva pratye upekSA darzAvI hatI), paNa pApakarmanA vivekane-parijJAne prAdhAnya ApyuM. emAM jIvAtmAnI muktino prazna paNa ukalI jato hato. brAhmaNa vicAradhArA ane brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAmAM dhyeya - Atmamukti - samAna che, eka ja che; paNa baMnenA vicAronA phalaka judA che, brAhmaNa vicAradhArAmAM AtmajJAna, brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAmAM pApa karmanuM jJAna - zastraparijJA. mahAvIre alobhathI lobha jItavAno ane anAyAse -svayaM phaLIbhUta thatI kAmanAone paNa prahaNa nahIM karavAno Adeza Apyo (AcAra 2.1.71). tevA jIvAtmAne harSa paNa nathI ke krodha paNa nathI (2.2,75). tenAM karmo upazamyAM che (2.6.97). hiMsA karavA chatAM (2.6.103) te tenAthI lapAto nathI (2.1.74, 2.5.89). tene teno ""rAga" thato nathI (2.6.98). upaniSado paNa kahe che ke titikSa pApakarmathI lapAto nathI (dA.ta. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada, 4.428, sarakhAvo. chAMdogya upaniSada, 4.143, 5.10-10, taittirIya upaniSada, 2.9; juo upara huM 1.2). AvAM vidhAno pAchaLa koI adharma-AcaraNano Azaya hoto nathI (juo pAula-hAkara. Topos. pR. 396-397). vaLI, AcAra. 2.1.71 jaNAve che ke karma svayaM baMdhana karatuM nathI, paNa tenI pAchaLa rahelA guNo bApu. 18 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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viSayo (kAma, lobha, va.) baMdhana kare che. guNo karmanuM mULa che; te AvartanuM punarjanmanuM mULa che (sarakhAvo - AcAra 1.5.41; 2.1.63; 2.2.69; 3.1.111). mana, vANI ane kAyane bahirmukha thatAM rokI-AMtaramAM saMkelI laI, sarva gAtrono rvirodha karI je kAMI viSayasparzathI sukhaduHkhano anubhava thAya te sahana karatA rahevuM (AcAra 8.8.246-247 = zloka 18-19), AvI ja prakriyA mahAvIre paNa apanAvI hatI (juo 8.8.240 zloka' 12). brahmacaryanuM trIjuM adhyayana zItoSNIya paNa jaNAve che ke AtmaprAptithI duHkhamukta thavAya che (3.3.126). A vyakti parijJAtakarma, kSetrajJa, naiSNadarzI (3.2.115, 4.4.145), paramadarzI, Atmavida (3.1.107), Atmagupta (3.2.123), AtmasamAhita (4.3.141), Atmoparata (4.4.146) ane vimukta che. iMdriyo gupta" ke ""saMvata" thatAM te vyakti duHkhamAMthI chUTI jAya che. tene pachI bIjI koI sAdhanAnI AvazyakatA hotI nathI, (3.2.126). sUtrakRtAMga paNa jaNAve che ke attattA parivraNa (4.3.3.7 = I.11.32, juo bole L.5.115)-te AtmArthe saMsAra tyaje che, te AtmArthe saMvata thayo che (sUtrakRtAMga II.2.29). te upazAMta che, parinivRta che, tene itara kAMI karma rahetuM nathI. brahmacaryanI ane vizeSa to tenA vibhAga 1nI (1-5 adhyayano) vicAraprakriyAmAM saLaMgasUtratA ke akhaMDitatA jaLavAI nathI, paNa te tUTaka dazAmAM maLe che. kAraNa ke mULe brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanAM ghaNAM sUtro khaMDita ane astavyasta che; teonA gaghAMza ke padyAMza ekameka thaI gayA che ane temanI goThavaNI kaMIka kramabaddha paNa nathI. emAM maLatAM pApakarmo, asakti, nirlepa, naiSkarmsa vagere jevAM vidhAno upaniSado, mahAbhArata ke gItAnI karma, Asakti ane rAganI vicArasaraNI vyakta kare che. AcAra brahmacaryanI AvI jIva, karma ane lokanI vicArasaraNI tatkAlIna avikasita dazAnA lokadharmanA vicAromAMthI UtarI AvI hoya ema lAge che. AcArAMga pachInAM keTalAMka AgamomAM paNa AcAra brahmacaryanI AvI vicAradhArAnA dRSTigocara thatA keTalAka aMzono kaMIka paricaya AgaLa ApavAmAM Avyo che. huM 1.7.2. muktAtmAnI sthiti - vaidika ullekha hAnsa peTara zmIte jaina paraMparAmAM mAnya muktAtmAnI sthiti ane tenAM AdimULa vaidika paraMparAmAMthI zodhyAM che (juo upara pA.TI.ra.). prastuta saMzodhana lekha prAcIna jaina Agamo pUrato maryAdita hovA chatAM muktAtmAnI sthitino A Akho mudo taddana navo ane amArA A lekhanA udezya sAthe saMvAdita thato hovAthI ahIM tenuM vivaraNa upakAraka ane Avazyaka gaNAze. chAMdogya upaniSadamAM ghora AMgirasanuM tattvadarzana (3.17.1-7) buddha ane mahAvIranA astitva pahelAMnuM ane atiprAcIna che. te karma ane Atmattattva viSenA vicArothI hajI aparicita rahyuM lAge che. temAM pahelI vAra ahiMsA eka navA siddhAMtarUpe dRSTigocara thAya che. temAM pitA putra rUpe janme che evA zatapatha brAhmaNanA vicAronI puSTi karatAM chAMdogya upaniSada (3.17.5) jaNAve che ke - sauSyati - soTTA - ti, punarutthAna - mevA; "te some savana karaze (= tenI patnI prasava karaze), teNe soma savana karyuM (= tenI patnIe janma Apyo). e ja teno punarjanma che." ahIM zleSano prayoga karI sauSyati - moNa no mULa artha aspaSTa (avyakta) kema rAkhyo haze te samajavuM muzkela che. vaLI, te AgaLa jaNAve che ke ApaNA pUrva sa vapUva, sottavetAyAmetat traya pratipadyata. tamafsa, cutasi. prAsaMtimasIti. "te tRSArahita thayo (mukta thayo). mRtyuveLAe te A traNa pAme cheH "tuM akSaya che', 'tuM ayyata che 'tuM prANanA - jIvananA - zikhare che" (juo atharvaveda 3.19.). AnA samarthana mATe svedanI be RcAo paNa ApI che,jAmake mAt t pratna retI, - joti = patti vAsaram - pache vat rUdhyate vivi (Rgvada 8-6-30) - "teo purAtana retasamAMthI janmelI prAtaHkAlIna jyoti jue che, je diva (AkAza)mAM sAme pAra prajvaLI rahI che." (= sAmaveda 1.2.10). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 19

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ud vayaM tamasaspari - jyotiH pazyanta uttaram - suvaH pazyanta uttaraM - devaM devatrA sUriyam - aganma tiruttama! - ti - tiruttama - ti. (Rgvada 1.50.10) ""ame, UMce tamasanI pAra-uttara (vadhu UMcI) jyoti nIhALatA - uttara (vadhu UMco) prakAza nIhALatA - devonA deva sUryane - uttama (sauthI UMcI) jyotine prApta thayA.-uttama jyotine prApta thayA."19 ghora AMgirasanA mate RgvadanI A baMne RcAomAM mokSanuM sthAna "pratvaretasa" che. te samagra vizvanuM AdikAraNa che, mULa tattva che. hAInarIza bhUDa (juo, "varuNa.." gyoTIMgana 1959) tene Rta sAthe sarakhAvyuM che. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadamAM vaLI tene hiramayapAtra (sUrya) kahyuM che - jemake, himavera patre satyAdita mukuma (5.15,1 = Iza upaniSada 15- ""savarNapAtrathI satyanuM mukha DhaMkAyeluM che"). - aMtakALa najIka Avyo hoya evI vyaktio samakSa prArthanAmAM paNa RgvadanI uparyukta be RcAonuM uccAraNa karavAmAM Ave che, jethI te vyaktine mukti maLe ema manAya che. A retasa AkAza maMDaLathI - divathI paNa para che, ane uttama che. te chata che. te prANa-saMzita che. jIvananA sauthI UMcA zikhare che. mokSanI AvI sthitimAM mukta jIvAtmA saMpUrNa rIte RtamAM otaprota thaI jAya che ke tenuM juduM astitva TakI rahe che, teno nirNaya karavo muzkela che (vistAra mATe juo zmIta upara pATI. 2 : pR. 65ra654). A saMdarbhamAM AcAra-brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM maLI AvatAM mukta jIvAtmA saMbaMdhI keTalAMka vidhAno tapAsI zakAya; jemake "muktAtmA dyutimAnanuM kSetrajJa che" (8.3.209). aMtakALe mokSanI abhilASA rAkhanArane mokSa prApti thAya che tevA AzayanA vicAro paNa brahmacaryamAM maLe che, jema ke vAvena phrAtaM gAva zarIramelo (jIva zarIrathI chUTe tyAM sudhI kALanI AkAMkSA rAkhavI. 6.5.198), parejI para naMti nAvalaMvaMti gAvita (parathI para prApta kare che ane jIvananI AkAMkSA rAkhatA nathI 3.4.129), pappA saMhA dhULa zarIra (eka AtmAne nIrakhIne zarIra khaMkherI devuM-choDI devuM 4.3.141). nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada (3.61) paNa kahe che ke tameva pratIkSeta cAvalApu = samagate (AyuSya pUruM thAya tyAM sudhI kALanI ja rAha jovI), ane gItA (8.5) jaNAve che ke maMtane mAmeva sparanuM muvatvA vallevaram.... jainadarzanamAM Arya aMtima AkAMkSAne nidAna kahe che. mokSanuM ke muktAtmAnI (siddha jIvAtmAnI) sthitinuM saLaMga spaSTa varNana prAcIna jaina AgamomAM maLatuM nathI. te phakta uttarakAlIna vikaselA AgamomAM ja, ane te paNa koI cAlI AvatA varNanonA saMdarbhamAM-gauNarUpe tUTaka tUTaka maLe che, je bhAgye saMkalita karI zakAya che. AvAM varNanomAMthI mokSa ke muktAtmA viSenA vicAronuM ahIM samIkSAtmaka vivecana karavuM Avazyaka nathI. paNa te uparathI saMkSepamAM kahI zakAya ke jaino muktAtmAne siddha kahe che (A zabda AcAra-brahmacaryamAM maLato nathI.). siddhAvasthAmAM jIvo ISIpabhAra (iSa-bhAra - "jarAka AgaLa") nAme siddhakSetramAM rahe che (uttarAdhyayana 36.57-58thI AgaLa) samavAyAMga 21mAM tenAM bAra nAmo gaNAvyAM che, temAM A siddhAlaya ke siddhakSetranuM eka nAma brahma che (juo zulkIMga hu 187). jaino tene iSIpabhAra (iSa-prabhAra- "vizvathI jarAka AgaLa"-"lokAgra", sarakhAvo aupapAtika ThuM 169 = uttarAdhyayana 36.57, juo uttarAdhyayana 23. 81-85) kahe che. mukta jIvAtmAnI sthiti koI dhAma vizeSamAM hoya che tema upaniSado paNa mAne che. teo koIvAra tene eka "pada"-sthAna tarIke jaNAve che (kaTha upaniSada 1.3.8), koIvAra ''viSNunA " tarIke (kaTha upaniSada 1.3.9), to koIvAra "brahmapura" tarIke (chAMdogya upaniSada 8.1.5), to ghaNIvAra ""brahmaloka' tarIke teno ullekha kare che.20 aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAM muktinA dhAmarUpa brahmaloka, ane jainonA siddhakSetra - ISIpabhAra - e baMnenAM AdimULa ghora AMgirasanA tattvadarzanamAM ke te saMdarbhamAM ullekhelI RgyedanI RcAomAM maLe che. (sarakhAva - vebara: jagavalI 5-15 mana gamatApajI 20 ] . [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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muMDaka upaniSadamAM maLI AvatA muktAtmAnI sthiti viSenA vicAro ane jaina darzanamAM maLatA tevA vicAronI kAMIka tulanA pharavA herTIle, tathA mAnasa pUlara (SBE 15, pR.27), vilibAla kiphaila (Kosmographic der Inder "bhAratIovizvaracanA-vidhAna" pR.5, 210, 306), helyutha phona glAsenaSpa (Die Lehre von Karman "karmano siddhAMta' pU.105) tathA heramAna yAkobI (umAsvAtinuM tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, pR.323) ItyAdie prakAzita karelA uttarakAlIna, vikasita paristhitinA jaina graMthono AdhAra lIdho che, paNa prAcIna jaina Agamono (AcAra 1, sUtrakRtAMga I, ityAdi) AdhAra lIdho nathI. heTele uThAvelA mudAnuM ane te AdhAre rajU karelAM keTalAMka vidhAnonuM AjanI saMzodhana paristhitinI apekSAe kaMIpaNa mUlyAMkana karI zakAya nahIM. A saMdarbhamAM saeNlomananA (pR.101-103) vicAro khAsa noMdhavA yogya che. 7 1.8 brahmacarya zrutaskaMdha - keTalAka viziSTa muddA para prakAza 7 1.8.1. lokabhApa - mahAvIra ane buddhanA janma pahelAM - I.sa.pUrve pamI-6ThThI sadIthI paNa prAcIna prAkRta lokabhASAomAM paNa dharma ane nItiniyamonA vicAro vikasyA hatA. tenA keTalAka aMzo mULa jAtakakathAo ane dhammapadomAM (I.sa.pU.8-7mI sadI?) jaLavAyA che. e vicAromAM vaidika vicAronI asara paNa svAbhAvika hatI. vaidika vicAradhArA A samaya daramiyAna madhyabhAratathI pUrvabhAratamAM pracalita thaI cUkI hatI (juo AgaLa muddo 9.). A prakAranA sAhityanA lekhaka ke vicAro phelAvanAra vyaktio koNa haze e viSe koI nakkara saMketo ke itihAsa maLato nathI. AmAMnI keTalIka jAtakakathAone jainasvAMga ane bauddha svAMga ApI prAcIna jaina-bauddha zAstromAM vaNI lIdhI che, te viSaya ahIM prastuta nathI (vistAra mATe juo Alsadopha-AryA...) 1. paraMtu te samaye lokasamAjamAM tevA vicArono pracAra karavAnuM zreya to (buddha ane) mahAvIrane jAya che. brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhanA vibhAga 1 mAM dRSTigocara thatA AvA maulika vicAro mahAvIranI janmabhUmi pUrvabhAratathI madhyabhArata sudhI phelAtA ekAda be sadI vItI gaI haze. 7 1.8.2.. mahAvIra, vicAra-pravartaka : AcAra brahmacaryanA vibhAga 1mAM (adhyayana 1-5) dharmanI ke AtmatattvanI taddana sahaja rIte vicAraNA rajU thaI che. te vicAro hajI koI vyakti vizeSanA (dA.ta. mahAvIranA) nAme caDhayA nathI. bahu bahu to vIra (mahAvIranA arthamAM nahIM !, dA.ta. 2.5.85), Arya (dA.ta. 2.5.89, 4.2.137) ke evA keTalAka sAmAnya zabdaprayogothI vicAra vinimaya thayo che. ahIM tema ja anyatra jaina Agama graMthomAM koI koI sthaLe setti vema (ema huM kahuM chuM...)ke bhaviya pavedya (ri pravezyA - bhagavAne jaNAvyuM che - parijJA jaNAvI che, dA.ta. 1.1.7, 1.7.58, 2.5.89) jevA prayogo A saMdarbhamAM mahattvanA nathI. jaina Agama graMthonI traNa-cAra vAra thayelI vividha vAcanAo daramiyAna paNa tevA sudhArAvadhArAne sthAna ApyuM hatuM; te bhASAzAstrIya jevI ane anya saMzodhana prakriyAthI siddha thaI zakayuM che. 22 AcAra 2.6.101mAM sau prathama vAra AvatA nANuM (jJAta, nyAya) zabdamAM mahAvIranA jJAtA kuLanuM sUcana thatuM hoya ema lAge che, ane te zabda mahAvIranA nAmanuM sUcana kare che. paraMtu ahIM AsapAsanA saMdarbhamAM te zabda nyAyanA arthamAM yogya lArge che. uparAMta, tameva sarva nausaM% naM nihiM paDyuM (5.5.168 - je jinoe jaNAvyuM che te ja sAcuM ane zaMkArahita che, zUbIMge-vo. mR.95- jina zabda eka vacanamAM lIdho che te ayogya che!). A AkhuM sUtra ahIM prakSipta lAge che. kAraNa ke, A prAcIna samayamAM mahAvIra mATe jina zabda hajI astitvamAM nahoto Avyo, ane 24 tIrthakaronI kalpanA ke sAMpradAyika bhAvanA paNa nahotI janmI tyAM ghaNA "jinoe jaNAveluM ja sAcuM...evA bhAvanuM A sUtra prakSipta che ane asthAne che. (sarakhAvo ""jinazAsana", sUtrakRtAMga 1.3.4.9). vaLI dhUta adhyayanamAM (savA vIra mAne paramajJA 5.6.173 = mULa 6.4.195, vIre haMmezAM AgamathI-jJAnathI vicaravuM joIe) AvatA Agama zabdano artha "zAstra" nahIM, paNa "jJAna" thAya . (* kiba tAmAnya muktAsmA). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] juo veba [ 21 10 pa-64)

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che (sarakhAvo - Agama = sarvajJoe jaNAvelo AcAra/upadeza, AcAra-zIlAMka pR.153, 169,tathA zUbIMga vo.ma. pR.96) Ama. brahmacarya vibhAga 1 mAM adhyayanomAM kayAMya mahAvIranuM nAma maLatuM nathI ke sUcita thatuM nathI. samagra daSTi biMduonA saMbaMdhathI ema kahI zakAya ke tatkAlIna keTalAka vicAra pravartakomAM mahAvIra paNa eka hatA, ane te vicAra brahmacarya-vibhAga 1mAM kaMIka saMkalita thayA che. A vicAro navA na hatA, paNa tenI rajUAta navI hatI. (ahIM e paNa noMdhavA yogya che ke samagra brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM buddhi zabdano prayoga maLato nathI !). te samayanA pravAhanI sAthe sAthe brahmacarya vibhAga, 1 nA vicAronA AdhAre uttarottara vRddhi pAmatA itara vicAro paNa mahAvIranA nAme caDhAvavAmAM AvatA gayA, jethI te vicAronI paNa vibhAga 1nA vicAro jeTalI ja prAcInatA, pramANabhUtatA ane mahattva lAgyA kare. AnA kAMIka saMketa ApaNane brahmacaryanA vibhAga 2mAM maLe che. ahIM prathama jJAta (kuLanA putra tarIke vimokSa adhyayanamAM (8.8.242, zloka 12) tathA upadhAnazrutamAM (9.1.263, zloka 14, be vAra) mahAvIranuM nAma sUcita thayuM che. ahIMyAM tema ja anyatra paNa mahAvIra mATe brAhmaNa (8.1.202, 8.2.208, ane upadhAnazratanA dareka udezanA aMte, uparAMta sarakhAvo - sUtrakRtAMza I.9.1; 1.11.1; uttarAdhyayana 28.11) ane koIvAra zramaNa (dA.ta. upadhAnazrata 9.1. zloka 1) zabdano prayoga karyo che. brAhmaNa (brahmane jANanAra, uttarakAlIna vaidika karmakAMDa ke yajJayAgAdika sAthe joDAyelI brAhmaNa varNanI koI vyakti nahIM !) ane zramaNa zabda paryAyavAcI che. 23 A vicAro vyaktivizeSanA nAme caDhatA gayA temAM bhAvi sAMpradAyikatAnAM mULa rahyAM che ema kahI zakAya. 7 1.8.3 satya - parama tattva : jaina AgamomAM pAMca mahAvratonI paribhASAmAM satya nAmanuM vrata vizeSa mRSAvAdaviramaNanA nAmathI paricita che; satya zabdathI tenuM varNana bhAgye ja koI sthaLe dRSTigocara thAya che. AcAra-brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM satya zabdano vizeSaNa tarIke prayoga thayo che (dA.ta. te sanaM, savvAlI so ti ...te satya che, satyavAdI zoka tarI gayo che; 8.7.224 = 8.7.228) uparAMta - jyAM "bhASA-samitinI carcA hoya tyAM aneka vAra satyano prayoga thayo che. tema chatAM brahmacaryanA vibhAga 1mAM eka tattva tarIke thayelo satya zabdano viziSTa prayoga bhinna tarI Ave che; jemake savaAi fdharuM dhvarA (satya - tattvamAM dhRti karo; satyatattvane vaLagI raho, 3.2.117). azvameva sapanALaNi sabUksa mANa 3ki merAvI mAre tarapha (satyane ja oLakha, satyanA jJAna - AdezathI upasthita medhAthI mRtyu tarI jAya che. 3.3,127), tathA ...gAgovarayA...to hamaNA,..avaMsi viviflu...(...Atmoparata...lokanI upekSA karatA...satyamAM sthira rahyA,...4.4.146. ahIM satya = Rta, juo zIlAMka-AcAra pR.130). sUtrakRtAMgamAM paNa sance tatva harenakuvarNamaM (aa.2.3.1), AcAra 5.6.168 (tameva sarve...) kSepaka che tenuM upara vivecana karyuM che.* upaniSadomAM satya tattvanuM varNana kAMI A rItanuM che :- taLa ha vA tikSNa braho nAma samiti (chAMdogya upaniSada 8.5.4), taNa 3paniSat - satyastha samiti, prANA vai satye teSAmeSa satyam (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.1.23 = maitrAyaNi upaniSada 6.32 = zatapatha brAhmaNa 14.5.1.23; zatapatha brAhmaNa 14.5.3.11 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 2.3.11). ahIMyAM "satyanuM satya" eTale vyavahAra-avasthAnA satyathI para evuM paramArtha-avasthAnuM satya; jene zvetAzvatara upaniSadamAM (6.3) tattvanuM paNa tattva kahyuM che. uttarakAlIna vaidika sAhityamAM satya ane Re paryAyavAcI gaNAtA.24 7 1.8.4. brahmacarya ane brahmavida : AcAranA pahelA zrutaskaMdhanuM nAma brahmacarya paNa vaidika vicAradhArAmAMthI UtarI AvyuM che. prAcIna vaidika sAhityamAM brahma yajJa ke uttama tattvanA arthamAM vaparAto, ane uttarakAlIna sAhityamAM brahmacarya zabda brAhmaNa-kSatriyajue 34mane tannara vastra ane kSetra sAthe sugi... mAM parabdhana saMpanna 22 ] Cjha0 10 -12 ane T- 15-3). [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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vaizyonA jIvanakALamAM prathama vidyArthIjIvananA Azrama - brahmacarya-Azrama-tarIke rUDha thayo. tenA mULamAM kAma ke ratinA saMyamano artha samAyelo che. Ama, brahmacarya zabda traNa artha sUcave cheH (1) brahma ke uttama tattvamAM caryA, (2) brahmacarya-Azrama vidyAbhyAsa, dIkSA ane (3) kAma-rati-saMyama. paraMtu keTalAka loko brahmacarya-AzramanI maryAdA pUrI karI gRhasthI jIvana jIvavuM pasaMda nahIM karatAM, A jIvana brahmacarya apanAvatA. temAM uttama tattvamAM caryA-AcaraNakaravAno temano mukhya Azaya hato (vistAra mATe - heramAna-samAvartana, ane bhaTTa - 1995 prakaraNa 2). - jaina AgamomAM brahmacaryanA kAma-rati-saMyama jevA arthane pAMca mahAvrato pUrato maryAdita karI tene maithunaviramaNanI navI saMjJA ApI. paraMtu brahmacarya-Azrama ane AjIvana-brahmacaryano koI paryAya vizeSa muzkela hato, tethI te saMjJAo te ja arthamAM yojAtI gaI. teno gauNa artha vidyAbhyAsa ityAdi, ane mukhya artha AjIvana brahmacarya-anagAra jIvana athavA agRhasthI ke muninuM jIvana. temAM maithuna-viramaNanuM vratapAlana samAI jAya che. pahelA zrutaskaMdha - brahmacaryano artha have spaSTa che, temAM AjIvana brahmacarya uttama tattva brahmamAM AcaraNa karavAno mukhya artha che. brahmacarya vibhAga - 1mAM jaNAvyuM che ke vasittA saMmasi...(brahmacaryamAM - AjIvana - vAsa karIne ... 4.4.143=6.2.183 6.4.190, sarakhAvo 5.2.115). AcAracUrNi (5.150, 170, 209, 229) ahIM brahmacaryano kAma-rati-saMyama jevo artha kare che te ati-saMkucita artha che. chAMdogya upaniSada jaNAve che...atha bhaumatvAvate draviryameva ta, vRddhavaryeA hovAtmAna+nuvidya manuje...(jene muninuM AcaraNa kahe che te brahmacarya ja che, brahmacaryathI ja AtmAne pAmIne te vicAre che; 8.5.2, brahmacaryanA AvA artha mATe chAMdogya upaniSada 8.4 ane 8.5 juo !). uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM brahmacarya zabda jainaAgamonA abhyAsakALanI sthiti (vidyArthI-Azrama) purato maryAdita karyo ane koIvAra na chaTake saMyama, tapa ke cAritranA arthamAM ghaTAvyo (juo AcAra-cUrNi pR.150, 170, 209, 229, zIlAMka-AcAra pR.6,129,139,160,167). vaLI, brahma tattvane je jANe che tene upaniSadomAM brahmavida kahe che, jemake dravitAnoti param (taittirIya upaniSada 2.1 ""brahmavida para ttattva-pAme che"), je viSe vitavya-ti ruma yat brahmavilo vanti (muMDaka upaniSada 1.1.5-"be vidyA jANavI joIe ema je brahmavidoe jaNAvyuM che';ane "brahma jANanAra brahma thAya che". muMDaka upaniSada 3.2.9). zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM paNa kahyuM che ke... mAyavI...vecavI...vaMdhavI pArdi parinAjhu to (rU.1.107, te Atmavida-vedavida-brahmavida prajJAnathI lokane saMpUrNa jANe che, sarakhAvo bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 3.7.1, juo hu 1.3, ahIM -vi ne badale - vata pAThAntara yogya nathI. (juo zUbIMga-vo.ma.pR.81, Ti.3). brahmavida zabda AcArAMgamAM phakta ahIM ja vaparAyo che. zIlAMkane ahIM brahma zabdano artha (zeSa,-mala,kalaMka,-vikala vinAnuM yogi-zarmayogIono Azraya yogIonuM sukha, pR.103) judo karavo paDyo che! kAraNa ke brahma zabda eka uttama tattvanA arthamAM brAhmaNa vicAradhArAmAM pracalita thayo che. jaina AgamomAM brahmavida zabda kayAMya bIje vaparAyo nathI ! paraMtu, brahmavida zabda upaniSadomAM ghaNIvAra Ave che. huM 1.8.5. vedavida : uparyukta vivecanamAM ApaNe joyuM ke zItoSNIya adhyayanamAM (3.1.100) Atmavida ane vedavida zabdo paNa yojAyA che. vaLI, 4.4.145 jaNAve che ke pativaya vAda 2 soya nirmivaMzI rUda mahatuM muLA sataM TULa to nijhADu vecavI (marya-manuSyomAM naiSkarmadarzI vedavida bAhya saMsAra pravAha chedI, karmane pariNAma jANI temAMthI chUTI jAya - virAma pAme che. jo AcAra-carNi 5.1para), ane pa. kahe che ke pUrva se apramaULa viveE zika vaivavI (Ama te vedavida apramAdathI vivekanuM kIrtana kare che). tathA mAvayaM tu peTA pattha viramenna vecavI (5.6.174, e Avarta - punarjanma jANIne emAMthI vedavida aTake). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 23

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brAhmaNa paraMparAnA sAhityamAM vedavida jevA zabdaprayogamAM Avato veda zabda saMdarbha-anusAra bhinna bhinna arthamAM yojAya che, jemake (ba) graMthaparaka, veda ke vaidika RcAonI saMhitAnA arthamAM, yajJayAgAdika karmakAMDanI vidhiparaka. ahIM vedavida eTale vedanI RcAonA ke tenA vinimayano jANakAra. A artha vaidika viSayavastune anulakSIne che ane temAM sAcesAca vedonA adhyayananI apekSA rahe che. (1) parama tattva-brahmamAMthI sarjAyeluM apauruSeya-alaukika rahasyamaya zAstra (sarakhAvo...baca mahato bhUta ni:sitametadya-zrAve..3paniSaduH.. A mahAna bhUtanAM - brahmanAM Rgvada... upaniSado niHzvAsa che" bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada2:410 juo zAnitvA brahmasUtra 1.1.3 uparanuM zAMkarabhASya). ahIM vedavida eTale AvA rahasyamaya zAstrane paNa jANI zakanAra, sarvajJa, medhAvI, muktAtmA. prAcIna upaniSadomAM vedavida zabdaprayoga javalle ja jovA maLe che (phakta bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 3.7.1., juo upara). ahIM A artha (ga) mAM jaNAvelA arthathI svataMtra vikasyo che. (8) sAmAnya arthamAM, AtmA ane sRSTi saMbaMdhI gaMbhIra ane rahasyamaya vicAro dharAvatuM aupaniSada jJAna, ahIM vedavida eTale tattvajJa, AtmajJAnI, brahmajJAnI. Avo artha (va)mAMthI vikasyo lAge che, ane nitAMta dArzanika vicArasaraNInA saMdarbhamAM yojAyo che ahIM vedonA adhyayananI apekSA nathI. vaLI, A artha prAcIna aupaniSada vicAronI bhUmikA para vistaryo che (jemake...veH sa vin - je te jANe che e vedavida che. gItA 15.1). A ja paraMparAmAM uddabhavelI ane phAlatI AcAra brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAmAM paNa vedavida zabda va nA arthamAM prayojAyo che (sarakhAvo viraha vi--mAyavighaNa te virata, vedavida ane AtmarakSita che - uttarAdhyayana 15.2). - ahIM vedavida zabdamAM uparyukta - brAhmaNa paraMparAno ja artha spaSTa che; paNa tevo artha tALI, tenAthI bhinna sAMpradAyika artha ghaTAvavA sau prathama AcAra cUrNie (I.sa. Azare 6ThThI-7mI sadI) zarUAta karI ane veda eTale jaina Agamo, sutra, pravacana, jevo artha upajAvyo. tene anusarIne zIlAMke (I.sa.9mIsadI) ane anya TIkAkAro e paNa Avo navo artha mAnya rAkhyo.25 AcAra brahmacaryanI prAcIna vicArasaraNInA vikAsa daramiyAna jaina Agamo (ke te arthamAM sUtra, pravacana, I.) astitvamAM AvyA nahotA. AthI ahI vedavida zabdamAM vedano artha jaina sUtro ke Agamo saMbhavI zakato nathI tathA samagra vedavidazabdano - tIrthakara mahAvIra ke gaNadhara jevo artha paNa ghaTI zakato nathI. brahmacaryamAM te zabda sAmAnya arthamAM (jemake vIra, muni, Atmavida, brahmavida, dharmavida, vedavida, I) vaparAyo che, koI vyaktivizeSa (jemake tIrthakara, mahAvIra, gaNadhara, I) mATe vaparAyo nathI. (uttarAdhyayana 14.8.vedavida - 14.9, veda zabda upara jaNAvyA mujaba 35 arthamAM spaSTa che.) AcAramAM ane anya prAcIna jaina AgamomAM maLI AvatA vedavida, brahmavida, naiSkarthyadarzI jevA zabdaprayogo uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAMthI lupta thayA. 7 1.8.6 Arya : AcAra brahmacaryamAM ane anyatra paNa Arya zabda koI vidvAna ke uttama kuLanI vyakti mATe vaparAyo che. lokaricaya adhyayanamAM kahyuM che ke kuzaLa vyakti pApa karmathI na lepAya tevo karmaparijJAno mArga Aryoe upadezyo . che (2.5.89, sarakhAvo - anArya-Aryavacana, 4.2.137-138, tathA 5.2.152, 5.3.157, 6.3.189, ItyAdi). vaidika sAhityamAM je arthamAM Arya zabdaprayoga thayo che te ja divase jaina AgamomAM paNa jaLavAI rahyo che. jo ke jaina vicAradhArA (ane bauddha vicAradhArA) Aryetara saMskRtimAMthI UtarI AvI che tevo Agraha poSavA adhatana saMzodhanakAro Arya zabdano koI Itara artha zodhavA prayAsa kare che. 24 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995 .

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(1,211 s = 1 huM 1.8.7. zramaNa : brAhmaNa . brAhmaNa - brahmacarya vibhAga 1nAM (1-5) adhyayanomAM muni zabdanI sAthe ke vikalpa ke paryAyArthamAM zramaNa zabdazno prayoga thayo nathI. ahIM ane anyatra paNa zramaNa ane brAhmaNa zabdo ekabIjAnA paryApavAcI zabda tarIke jyAM chetra 4. 2.136mAM te baMnene zastraparijJAnI vicArasaraNInI viruddha AcaratA loko (sAdhuo) tarIke cItaryA che (juo hu 1.4). vaidika kALamAM brAhmaNa, zramaNa, parivrAjaka, vagere aneka prakAranA anagAra (saMsAra gRha tyAgI) munio viharatA rahetA hatA. te saunI vicArasaraNI mahadaMze samAna hatI. teo saMsAra tyAgI, tapa, ane vrata dvArA AtmajJAna ke muktino mArga apanAvatA. jaina ane bauddha sAhityamAM zramaNa-brAhANa nAmano aneka sthaLe prayoga thayo che. uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM aneka sthaLe mahAvIra mATe brAhmaNa zabdano to koIvAra, zramaNa zabdano prayoga thayo che (juo upara). ida ka zabdanA jhamAM ja vidhA -. nIpawyo che je " keTalAka saMzodhanakAro zramaNa zabdanuM mULa cInI ke himAlayanI uttare vasatI Atara jatinI, saMskRtimAM jaNAve che. teonI vicArasaraNImAM jAdu, mAraNa-tADana, abhicAra, ItyAdinuM mahattva hatuM. teo za-mana tarIke, oLakhAtA, jenuM prAkRtamAM samaNa ane saMskRtamAM zramaNa zabdathI rUpAMtara thayuM che. vaLI, magadha sAmrAjayamAM purohita tarIke paNa keTalAka "zramaNo" rahetA. teonA vicAromAM himAlaya pradezanA bona dharmanI asara hatI, evuM sUrjhakanuM maMtavya che (ALB 1967-68, pR.200-210). uparAMta, te jaNAve che ke muni gRhastha maNa hatA ane saMsAratyAgI paNa hatA (jemake aitareya brAhmaNa, 4.33.1)! bhAratanI AyeMtara Adi jAtinA muMDA lokoe zramaNa vidhinI paraMparA svIkArI hatI tevuM vAlera rUbenanuM mAnavuM che - sAco brAhmaNa kharekhara tattvajJanAM lakSaNo dharAvato hoya che evuM uttarAdhyayana 25nuM varNana aupaniSada vicAraNA sAthe saMvAda dharAve che. 7 1.8.8. nirvANa : samagra brahmacarya zrutaskaMdhamAM phakta ekavAra je nirvANa zabda Ave che (da.5.196ti virti varSa nivA...fmavayamamAphavaNenA zAMti, virati, upazama, nirmANa...bhikSudharma jaNAvavo) te sutrAMza sUtrakRtAMga II.1.15 mAMthI ahIM lIdhuM che. te mULe sUtrakRtAMga 3i.4.20 (savya vira gunA sati nivvANaddhi - sarvatra virati karavI; virati = zAMtine nirvANa kahyuM che) uparathI A badhA paryAyo sAthe sUtrakRtAMga I.1.15 mAM vistAra pAmIne AcAranA dhUta adhyayanamAM prakSipta thayuM (juo zabIga vo.ma.pR.144, Ti.8 ane bole I. 5.139, upara 7 1.6.1.) ! AcAra 1. 1.9.49 mAM parinirvANa zabda Ave che. paNa te sUtrAza prakSipta che (juo huM 1.1.2). AcAranA bIjA grutaskaMdhamAM ane anya Agama graMthomAM paNa nirvANa zabdano prayoga thayo che temAM bauddha vicArasaraNInI asara thaI hoya ema lAge che. AcAra brahmacaryamAM zAMti (1.7.56, 2.3.85), virata (anekavAra). ane upazama ke upazAMta (3.2.116 = 5.4.164) ityAdi zabdaprayogo prAcIna che. vaLI, brahmacarya paribhASAmAM nivRta (ni+, DhAMkavuM, rakSavuM, mukta thavuM, to koIvAra saMtoSa ke sukha pAmavuM, juo vizela huhu 51, 219) zabdaprayoga paNa maLe che. (juo hu 3.1.) prAcIna bauddhadarzanamAM nirvANa zabda amRtanA arthamAM vaparAto, ane amRta zabda upaniSado jevA vaidikara sAhityanI asara sUcave che (jemake mRtyormamamRta samaya, mRtyumAMthI mane amRta tarapha dora, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSeda 1.3.28) evuM jApAnanA vidvAna zojhena kumoInuM maMtavya che (juo Der Nirvana Begriff in den _Texten, des Buddhismus, phrAuvAbhera abhinaMdana graMtha, vIenA 1968-69, pR.205-213). luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] " [ 25

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7 1.8.9. punarjanma ane pApa : AcAramAM aneka ThekANe punarjanma mATe janmamaraNanA cakramAM aTavAyA karavAnAM (dA.ta. nAtImAM manapariSadamALa..2.1.77, ItyAdi) tathA pApa karmanAM vidhAno thayAM che. AvI vicAradhArA navI che ke vaidika sAhityamAM paNa te hatI tenI samIkSA ahIM Avazyaka che. viTjhale AvI vicAradhArAnA abhyAsa mATe vaidika sAhityanuM vizleSaNa karIne jaNAvyuM ke punarjanmano vicAra agnicayana vidhimAMthI uddabhava pAmyo che (sarakhAvo-hAnsa-paMtara-zmIta pR.650. juo upara pA.TI.2. tenA saMketo zatapatha brAhmaNa 10mAM maLe che.). " narjanmano vicAra bahadAraNyaka upaniSada (mAdhyadina ane kAThaka zAkhA) dvArA pUrva bhAratamAM phelAyo. te jaiminIya upaniSada brAhmaNamAM 18% bahadAraNyaka upaniSadamAM (mAthaMdinI zAkhA) 22% tathA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada (kAThaka zAkhA) 486 A vicAronuM mULa zatapatha brAhmaNa 10 (zAMDilya)mAM maLe che. teno phelAvo pahelAM pazcima bhAratamAM tathA kAMIka dakSiNa bhAratamAM thayo hato. tyAra pachI pUrva bhAratamAM astitvamAM AvelA jaina ane bauddha darzanomAM tenI asara jovA maLe che (viTjhala pR.201-205). punarjanma karatAMya pApano vicAra vaidika sAhityamAM vadhAre prAcIna che. brAhmaNa sAhityamAM pApanAM varNana vadhAre pramANamAM maLe che. pApa zabda punarjanmanA saMbaMdhamAM vaparAto. pUrva bhArata tathA dakSiNa bhAratamAM vikasita sAhityamAM pApanAM varNana vadhAre pramANamAM maLe che. pUrva bhAratamAMthI teno pracAra taittirIya brAhmaNa 3mAM thayo (vizkela pR. 205-207). vizkela (pR.208) AgaLa jaNAve che ke keTalIye prAkRta lokabhASAomAM vaidika padonA prayogonI paraMparA cAlu rahI hatI. ahiMsAnI, saMsAratyAganI vicArasaraNI paNa vaidika sAhityamAM vikasI hatI ane te AryapraNAlI hatI (juo hAnsa-petara-zmIdUtano lekha upara pA.TI.2 ane hejharamAna.), karmavAdanuM ciMtana paNa vaidika paraMparAmAMthI maLI Ave che (juo haramAna Dabalyu. TUlanuM The Vedic Origins of Karma, nyU yaoNrka presa 1989, samIkSA JAOs, 1, 1991, pR.173-174.). keTalAka bhAratIya vidvAno zramaNa saMskRtinuM mULa vaidika sAhityanA vAtyamAM zodhe che; paNa vAtyo Arya saMskRtinA - vaidika paraMparAnA hatA tevuM adyatana saMzodhanakAronuM mAnavuM che (juo hekTaramAna - Vratya and Sacrifice 115.6, 1962, pR.1-37). A badhA mudAnuM vivecana ahIM ayogya che paNa tenA vistAra mATe uparyukta graMtho jovA vinaMtI che. (uparAMta, juo hAImAna pR.211-214, ane bhaTTa 1995.). uttarakAlIna jaina AgamomAM ghaNA pheraphAra thatA gayA ane brahmacarya vibhAga 1nI vicAradhArA sAthe vaNAI gayelA keTalAka vaidika paraMparAnI paribhASAnA zabdo paNa te te jaina AgamomAMthI aMdara thatA gayA, dA.ta. bahmavida, vedavida, naiSkarmyudarzI, satya-brahma (parama tattva). A zabdonA sahaja artha samajAvatAM cUrNi ke TIkAkArane muzkelI thAya che te samajI zakAya che. sAMpradAyika bhAvanAnAM bIja ahIM ropAtAM hoya ema lAge che. * 2 AcAra : bIjo zrutaskaMdha AcArAMgano brahmacarya nAme pahelo zrutaskaMdha tenA agra nAme bIjA zrutaskaMdha karatAM prAcIna che. bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM AvatI kula cAra cUlAomAM (pariziSTo) tattvadarzananI dRSTie koI varNana maLatuM nathI. tenI pahelI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 1-7) tathA bIjI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 8-14) bhikSuonAM bhikSAvRtti, dainika jIvanacaryAnA niyamo, ityAdinuM vivaraNa Ave che. bhAvanA nAme trIjI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 15) mahAvIracarita ane pAMca (satya, ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) pAlanarakSaNa mATe 25 bhAvanAonuM varNana che. vimukti nAme cothI cUlAmAM (adhyayana 16) jagatI chaMdanA bAra zlokomAM saMsAratyAga karI, sarva duHkho sahana karatAM karatAM, tapa ane dhyAna parAyaNa jIvana jIvatAM munione A lokamAM kaMI baMdhana rahetuM nathI tevuM varNana Ave che. 26 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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AcAranA bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM vimukti nAme cothI cUlA mULe sUtrakatAMga nA gAthA nAme soLamA adhyayanano eka vibhAga hato, ane te tyAMthI chUTo paDI AcArAMgamAM joDAI gayo che tevuM zUbIMga mAne che (juo zUbIMga Drei Chedasutras des Jainakanani - " jaina AgamanAM traNa chedasUtro", hAlbarga 1966, pR.4). paraMtu AcArAMgamAM vimuktinuM sthAna yogya ane maulike che tevuM bolenuM maMtavya che (juo bole I. pR.47, Ti.1 tathA lekha : Ayaranga 2.16 and Suyagada 1.16, JIP18, 1990 pR.29-pa2). AcAra-bIjA zrutaskaMdhamAM phakta bhAvanA nAme trIjI cUlA ja (adhyayana 15) hatI; ane te cUlAnI zarUAtamAM AvatuM mahAvIracaritra pAchaLathI umereluM che ane te rIte cUlA 1-2 tathA cUlA 4 (adhyayana 1-14, 16) paNa AcAranA bIjo zrutaskaMdhamAM pAchaLathI UmerelI che. uparAMta hAla maLI AvatI cUlA 3 ""bhAvanA"no (adhyayana 15) pATha paNa taddana judo-"navo che. mULa "bhAvanA"no pATha AcAra cUrNimAM (pR.377-378) gadya ane 1-5 padyarUpe vaNAI gayo che. A padyamaya bhAvanA" Avazyaka cUrNimAM (bhAga 2, pR.146-147) ane Avazyaka niryukti upara haribhadranI TIkAmAM (pR.658-659) paNa maLI Ave che (vistAra mATe juo bhaTTa-1987-88 ane bhaTTa-1993). 7 2.1. AcAra - bIjo zrutaskaMdha, bhAvanA (AcAra II. 15) : A aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAM AtmatattvanI carcA mahatvano bhAga bhajave che. temAM pradhAna sUra e jaNAya che ke sarvatra AtmA vasI rahyo che tema je jANe che te pApakarmathI chUTI jAya che, mukti meLave che. AcAra-brahmacarya-vibhAga 1nI vicAradhArAmAM pApakarmanI carcA mahattvano bhAga bhajave che. A sarva kAMI pApakarmathI bharapUra che, ane pApakarmane je jANe che te temAMthI chUTI jAya che, mukti meLave che, A brahmacarya vicAraNAno pradhAna sUra che. A baMne vicAradhArAo phakta Adarza sthitinuM varNana kare che, paraMtu pApakarmathI chUTavA sAdhake prAthamika dazAmAM zuM zuM karavuM e viSe upaniSado ke AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga 1 aspaSTa rahyAM che. AtmAne anulakSIne - AtmajJAnane keMdramAM rAkhI pApakarmathI bacavA yoga jevI prakriyA ke anAsakti athavA nirlepanI vicAraNA upaniSada pachInAM zAstromAM vikasatI gaI. brahmacarya vicAradhArAmAM AtmajJAnane nahIM, paNa pApakarmanA jJAnane - zastraparijJAne-mahattva ApI, pApakarmane anulakSIne AtmAmAM surakSita (Atmagupta) thavAnI vicAraNAe AcAra II mAM 25 bhAvanAne janma Apyo. AcAra 1, vizeSa to tenA vibhAga 1mAM pAMca (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) vratomAMthI ahiMsA (juo zastraparijJA 7 1.1) ane brahmacaryanI (=pavrijayA; vasittA saMpatti 4.4.143 = 6.2.183 = 6.4.190, uparAMta lokaricaya 7 1.2) satata cAlI AvatI vicAraNAmAM parokSa rIte aparigraha (dA.ta. pariNAmo pALe avasanA 2.5.89) ke kaMIka aMze satya jevAM vratomAM (Du 1.8.mAM3) ghaTAvI zakAya evA ullekha maLI Ave che, paNa ahiMsA, brahmacarya sivAyanAM bAkInAM traNa vrato spaSTa nathI maLatAM. AcAra niryukti mujaba A vrato sahelAIthI jANI zakAya ane samajAvI zakAya evA AzayathI temane kula pAMca vibhAgamAM spaSTa karyA (niyukti gAthA 295 = vaTTakeranuM mUlAcAra 7.33). te badhAM vratonA rakSaNa-pAlana mATe sau prathama 25 bhAvanAo astitvamAM AvI (niryukti gAthA 296). AcAra I nI vicAradhArAmAM maLatI adhyAtma saMvRta (5.4.165), Atmagupta (3.1.109, 3.3.123, 8.2.206), AtmasamAhita (4.3.141) jevI paribhASAonuM vizada vyAkhyAna ApaNane AcArja II nI 25 bhAvanAomAM maLe che. dareka vrata mATe pAMca, ema pAMca vrata mATe kula 25 bhAvanAo - vratone anukULa mAnasika keLavaNI - mujaba AcaraNa karatAM muni pApa karmathI potAne bacAvI le che ane Atmagupta bane che. A bhAvanAo saMkSepamAM nIce mujaba gaNAvI zakAya. (1) cAlavAmAM sAvadhAnI (rUpiyAmata), anna-pAna-bhojananI AlocanA, bhikSunAM pAtro ItyAdi levA-mUkavAmAM sAvadhAnI (mAthANAmaMDanivadhevA) ane mana tathA vacanamAM sAvadhAnI rAkhatAM hiMsAkarmathI bacI javAya che. jaina paraMparAmAM pAMca samitiomAMthI iriyAsamiti ane AyANa-bhaMDa-nikukhevaNA-samiti, e be samitio A bhAvanAmAMthI vikasI che. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 27

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- (2) hAsya-parityAga, bolavAmAM sAvadhAnI, tathA krodha, lobha ane bhayano tyAga karavAthI, asatyathI thatAM pApakarmothI bacI zakAya che. AmAMthI bhASAsamitino vikAsa thayo. (dA.ta. dazavaikAlika 7 "vAkyazuddhi" adhyayana). (3) avagraha-(vasatisthAna, pAtra-bhAjana jevI sAmagrI, piMDa-grahaNa) viSe svayaM vicAra kare, dAna (piMDa-dAna,I.) ApanAranAM vacana che. viSe paNa vicAre, avagraha mATenI spaSTa sImA ke maryAdA rAkhe. gurunI anujJA laIne bhojana-pAna kare, potAnA sAthIo mATeno avagraha yogya sthAne rAkhe, Ama karavAthI corIthI thatA doSothI - pApa karmothI bacI zakAya che. (4) tela-ghIvALA padArtho na khAvA, zarIra zaNagAravuM nahIM, strIdarzana na karavuM, strIpradhAna sthAnomAM javuM nahIM, strIviSayaka ke halakA prakAranI kathA-vArtA na karavI. A rIte brahmacaryanuM rakSaNa thaI zake che. Ano vistAra sUtrakRtAMga 1 (adhyayana 4 sthiuiT), dazavaikAlika (8.52-58) uttarAdhyayana (16 brahmacarya-samAdhi-sthAna") jevAM AgamomAM maLe che. (5) zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, ane gaMdha jevA pAMca viSayomAM Asakti na rAkhatAM parigrahathI thatAM pApakarmothI potAne bacAvI zakAya che. Ano vistAra paNa dazavaikAlika (8.19-27, 11-gAthA 1-10). uttarAdhyayana (32 "pramAdasthAna") jevAM AgamomAM dRSTigocara thAya che. jaina vicAradhArAmAM pApakarmanuM jJAna keMdramAM rahyuM che tethI ahiMsAnI viziSTa carcA-vicAraNA bhikSuonI jIvanacaryAnA nIti-niyamonA jhINavaTabharyA ciMtanamAM vistArathI daSTigocara thAya che. AnA pariNAme jaina tattvadarzana ke AtmatattvanuM ciMtana kaMIka sthagita thaI gayuM, upekSita rahyuM. A muddAnuM vivecana AgaLa karavAmAM AvyuM che. hu 3 anya prAcIna Agamo ane brahmacarya vicAradhArA : AcArAMga pachI vikaselA jaina AgamomAM (aMga graMthomAM) sUtrakRtAMga, (ane mUlasUtromAM) dazavaikAlika tathA uttarAdhyayana mukhya che. A traNa Agamo samagra dRSTie ane Itara jaina AgamonI apekSAe prAcIna che. temAM sUtrakRtAMgano pahelo zrutaskaMdha (sUtrakRtAMga , adhyayano 1-16) tenA bIjA zrutaskaMdhanI (=sUtrakRtAMga II, adhyayano 1-7) apekSAe prAcIna che. te padyamaya che. tenI keTalIka gAthAo prAcIna chaMdamAM racAyelI che. jaina paraMparAmAM AvI gAthAono paNa temAM bIjI gAthAo prakSipta thatAM vistAra vadhato gayo. A rIte dazavaikAlika tathA uttarAdhyayananI gAthAo vRddhi pAmatI gaI. A traNe AgamomAM maLI AvatI AcAra-brahmacaryanI vicAradhArAnI pRSThabhUmikAmAM aupaniSada ciMtananI asara ahIM saMkSepamAM darzAvavAmAM AvI che. AcAra-brahmacarya vibhAga mAM vaparAto prANa zabda jIvanA arthamAM sUtrakRtAga 1 (1.4.8, 6.4, 8.19), ane dazavaikAlikamAM (4.1.9) paNa kaMIka prANa-bhUta-jIva-sattva jevA "zabdADaMbara" (cliche) vagara vaparAyo che. cha-jIva-nikAyonI kalpanA A AgamomAM pratiSThA pAmI cUkI che (dA.ta. sUtrakRtAMga I 9.8.9, uttarAdhyayana 12.41, dazavaikAlika mATe juo AgaLa). ogha (pravAha, saMsAra) zabda paNa sUtrakRtAMga 1 (3.4.14, 11.1), dazavaikAlika (9.2.23), uttarAdhyayanamAM (pa.1, 23.70, 32.33, I.) dRSTigocara thAya che. kSetrajJa (yatra) zabda sutratAMga 1 mAM phakta be vAra (63, 15.13) Ave che, ane te lupta thato jato hoya ema lAge che. saMga-asaMga (asakti) ane lepa-nirlepa jevI anya brAhmaNa vicAradhArAnI paribhASA AcAra-bahAcaryanI (2.1.74 = 2.5.89, 2.6.103, 3.1.107, 5.2.153, I.) jema sUtrakRtAMga I mAM (1.2.28, 7.27 = 12.22, 10.10, I.) ane uttarAdhyayanamAM (8.4, 14.6, 20.6, 25.20, 26, I.) vizeSa dRSTigocara thAya che. paraMtu, AcAra I mAM (11.687 = 15.790). tema ja sUtrakRtAMga II (adhyayana 6) ane dazavaikAlikamAM (phakta be vAra - 10.16, 11.1) AvA prakAranI paribhASAno prayoga luptaprAya thato gayo che. (1) sUtrakRtAMga I ahiMsA-samaya (1.4.10 = 11.10) zabdathI AcAra-brahmacarya athavA zastraparijJAnuM - sUcana kare che (juo huM 1.4, sarakhAvo sUtrakRtAMga I.11 mAM mArga-sAra tarIke AcAra-brahmacaryano sAra !). A saMdarbhamAM samaya = samatA, evo bolee karelo artha yogya nathI (juo bole 1 pR.127). karmanI upAdhi jevI 28 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '5-jUna, 1995

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paribhASA AcAra- 1 mAM maLatI (3.1.110 : pazyakane upAdhi hotI nathI, 3.4.131 = 4.4.142) te sUtrakRtAMga I mAM phakta ekavAra (2.2.27 3varda nittA - upAdhi dUra karavI) daSTigocara thAya che. A paribhASA jaina AgamomAMthI lupta thatI hoya ema lAge che. buddhi jevo zabda prayoga AcAra- 1- vibhAga 1mAM tema sUtrakRtAMga I mAM paNa maLato nathI. karmathI chUTavA iMdriyo aMdara saMkelI laI - rAgadveSathI dUra thaI - Atmarata, AtmasamAhita thavAnI - aMtarmukha thavAnI vicAraNA (juo 7 1.7.1) hajI sUtrakRtAMga 1 mAM cAlu rahI che. pAMca mahAvrato, rAtrIbhojana tyAga ane bhAvanA paNa sUtrakRtAMga I mAM (3.9) maLI Ave che. sUtrakRtAMga 1 mAM vyakta thatA vicAro, jema ke saMgho saMgha paEUR fbato (1.2.19. AMdhaLAne raste dorato AMdhaLo), gaMuM va jevAramapurA (7.16 AMdhaLA netAne anusarI.), nA divaSe sada gatinA vi vADu no rUpha TInejo (22.8 jema AMkha vagaranA AMdhaLAne prakAzathI paNa rUpa vagere-ghaTa-paTa vagere dekhAtAM nathI.) tA nahIM thAya to mane ja nAgati pamANe (14.12 rAtre aMdhArAmAM nahIM dekhI zakanAra netA rasto jANato nathI) - tema mUDha - AMdhaLA loko paNa potAne jJAna thayA vagara bIjAne (aMdhArAmAM ja) dorI jAya che ane gaMtavya pAmatA nathI, va. aupaniSada vicAro sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya; jemake TUMkamANaI: (pAThAMtaraH naMya nAnA:) para mUkAM anyaneva nIyamanA yathAsthA: (kaTha upaniSada 1.2.5 = muMDaka upaniSada 1.2.8 AMdhaLAthI dorAtA AMdhaLA lokonI jema mUDha loko satata aTavAyA (athaDAyA) karatA paribhramaNa karyA kare che). 2.38.3.) paNa kahe che ke thathAnya vAnyamanvAyat (athavA jama AMdhaLo AMdhaLA pAchaLa jAya : bole | pR.96 uparathI). " sUtrakRtAMga 1 AgaLa jaNAve che ke jema zakuni (gIdha, samaDI, kAgaDA ?) pAMjaruM toDI zakatuM nathI tema dharma ke adharmanA jJAna vagara koI vyakti duHkho dUra karI zakatI nathI (juo tuvaNaM te nAti sa3LI vaMna nA 2.2.rara), chAMdogya upaniSada paNa kahe che ke sa tathA zaniH sUtrena pravAha ...vaMdanamevopayata vimeva ..vaMzaMne di..mana ti (6.8.2 dore baMdhAyeluM koI zakuni jema baMdhanane ja Azare dore ja vaLagI - rahe che tema ja mana prANanA baMdhanavALuM che. sarakhAvo - ragbI thavasusaMvAddha pakSI ta8i mana: pakSI jema dore baMdhAyeluM che tema mana prANathI baMdhAyeluM che. yogazikhA upaniSada 59, uparAMta pAza chavA yathA haM...umune...chinnapANatathA gauva: saMsAra tate saddA. pAza chedI jema haMsa AkAza oLaMgI jAya tema baMdhanamukta jIva haMmezAM saMsAra tarI jAya che. yurikA upaniSada 22). tayAM 3 nahApha se have rUti saMvAya muLI 7 manaDuM (te raja - pApa - karma sApanI kAMcaLInI jema tyajI de che ema jANI muni - raja - tyAgano - garva karato nathI). sUtrakRtAMga I nA (2.2.1) A vicAro sAthe varAha upaniSadanA (67-68) vicAro lagabhaga samAMtara jAya che, jema ke anirvacanI savize zIvajaMta:, vatnI patitatichatta sarSo namate, parva...zarIra nAma. (sApanI jIva vihoNI kAMcaLI jema rAphaDe paDI rahe, ane sApa tene bahu gaNato nathI,tenI darakAra karato nathI - tema vidvAna zarIrane bahu gaNato nathI.) A zloka bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadanA AdhAre racAyo cheH yak yathA - eiinarvayanI vatnI mRtA pratyatA zIta - viveTuM zarIra zaoN - kathA mArI mRta: praNo drauva..(4.4.8 jema sApanI kAMcaLI rAphaDAmAM ta, pheMkI dIdhelI paDI rahe tema A zarIra paDI rahe che ane A azarIrI prANa amRta che, te brahma ja che). prazna upaniSada (55) paNa kahe che ke. kathA pAlodrAvA vinita parva da hai na pAkhanA vinimu: (jema sApa kAMcaLIthI mukta thAya che ema te pApathI mukta thayo). agnie iMdranAM badhAM pApa bALI nAkhyAM che, jaiminIya brAhmaNa (2.134) paNa A rIte jaNAve che ke sa yathAha - diRtre niceta, yathA muMgASiA vivRta, avameva sarvasmata pAmano viraputa (jema sApa kAMcaLI luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 29

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tyajI de ane jema muMjamAMthI ISIkA chUTI paDe, tema te badhAM pApamAMthI mukta thayo)29 be bhinna graMthonAM koI koI vidhAnomAM rUpaka, upamA ke evA alaMkAranA lIdhe prApta thatI samAnatAthI te baMne graMthAMza ke vidhAno vacce kAMI nikaTano saMbaMdha sthApI zakAto nathI (juo hoze. pR. 47pa.). te - dhIra, muni - AtmAmAMthI sarva loka jue che. (sUtrakRtAMga 1 12.18...te mArI pAsa sabato juo 7 1.3).30 chAMdogya upaniSada pramANe paNa A sarva (jagata AtmA ja che. te (AtmAdraSTA) Ama jotAM Atmarati ane AtmAnaMda thAya che. A rIte jotA tenuM (AtmadraSTAnuM) A sarva (jagata) AtmAmAMthI ja che (...bAnaivedra sarvamiti sa vI-papa parva pa...mAtmatiH...mAtmAnaMda...mati. 7.25.2. tasya zuM vA patastha pati:...mAtman huM sarvati. 7.26.1). sUtrakRtAMga 1 A muddAne ThekaThekANe punarAvartana kare che, jema ke AyaturaM pAhi saMna (2.7.12. jIvo sAthe AtmarUpe saMyamita thavuM), vaga 2 iMdra 2 vizva dhIre vigaNana 3 sadgo mAthamAd (13.21 karma ane chaMda - icchA/kAmanA pratye nirveda rAkhI dhIra puruSe sarvatra AtmabhAva keLavavo), attattA parivraNa (3.3.7 = 11.32. Atmatva - sarva kAMI AtmA che tevA bhAva-mATe parivrajaya svIkAravI. vistAra mATe juo bole II pR.115). anyatra bhikSune AtmatatvanI khAtara saMvRta-(iMdriyo saMkelI lIdhI che) kahyo che (sUtrakRtAMga II 2.29. rUda attattAsaMvuDalsa maUTVIIRpsa..). sUtrakRtAMga I AgaLa jaNAve che ke te vidvAna, virata ane Atmagupta che, jiteMdriya che, sadA damanazIla - iMdriyo para kAbU rAkhe-che (..viDa visto bAyapure 7.20, gAyatta jJAti 11.16, bAyapure sayA saMte 11.24). AcAra brahmacaryanA AtmasamAhita (4.3.141) ke Atmoparata (4.4.146) sAthe sUtrakRtAMga | nA AtmaguptanI tulanA thaI zake. AtmasamAhita IhA vagarano che, Atmoparata che, upAdhi vagarano che (brahmacarya 4.3.141, 4.4.146), adhyAtma-saMvRta che, upazAMtarati saMsAra srotamAM sarvatra gupta che (brahmacarya 5.4.165, 5.5.166). jevI rIte svayaM pote (AtmA) che tevI rIte sarva prANIo che, Ama sarva prANIone svayaM tulya mAnIne virata munie dRDhamanathI pavrijayA svIkAravI evuM sUtrakRtAMga I. paNa aupaniSada vicAronI jema ja rajU kare che; jemake viraNa jAmarda ne huM mAruM na, tela agvamAthA thAmaM baM (sUtrakRtAMga 1. 11.33) viSayavAsanAo - kAmathI virata munie pRthvI upara je koI prANIo che temano AtmA te potAno AtmA che evI tulanAthI (ke tulanA mATe) hiMmata (daDhanizcaya) karI parivrajayA svIkAravI. ahIM Iza upaniSadanI (gAthA 1) asara spaSTa thAya cheH zAvAmitre sa ya la nItyAM nati, tena tyaje muMgIthA mAM : - svit ghanam - "pRthvI upara je kAMI gatizIla (=prANI) che te izvarathI rahevA lAyaka che (temAM Izvara vasyo che) "AthI tuM tyajI dIdhelAthI (bhikSAvRtti, ucha) AhAravihAra kara. tuM koInA dhananI lAlasA na rAkha. ahIM sUtrakRtAMgamAM ane Iza upaniSadamAM sarva prANIonAM svayaM pote ja vasI rahyo che evI AtmaSTi (juo rsi agvamAthA ane zAvAthamiTuM sarvama), viSayothI virati (brahmacarya) ke parivrajayA (juo vira gAma imeiM. briNa ane tene tyavartana aMgIkA:) jevA vicAro tarI Ave che. uparAMta te jaNAve che ke sarva prANIomAM AtmA-Iza vasI rahyo che tethI koIpaNa prANInI hiMsA na karavI ke tenA prANa jhUMTavI na levA. phakta svecchAe tyaktathI (maikSa ke ucha) jIvana vitAvavuM. sUtrakRtAMga I. 2.3.14 (3che..viyuddhamAho), uttarAdhyayana 35.16 (chaMchafsanA), dazavaikAlika 10.17 (3chuM re) paNa evI bhikSAvRttinuM varNana kare che, ane koInuM "dhana" pacAvI levuM nahIM tema jaNAve che ( ya mocana ho ghare kaMI maryAvare dazavaikAlika 8.23 ane ma thaH RNa svit ghana Iza upaniSada).31 30] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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sUtrakRtAMga / nA AThamA adhyayanamAM AtmasamAhita ke Atmoparata ke AtmaguptanA ciMtanano mukhya viSaya rahyo che. temAM zarUAtamAM asaMyamI ajJAnIo rAgadveSapUrvaka kAma bhoga ane mAyAmAM lapaTAI pApAcaraNa kare che ane pariNAme janmamaraNanuM duHkha (saMparAya) bAMdhe che (gAthA 1-9) ema jaNAvIne AvAM pApakamonuM zalya paMDito kevI rIte kApI nAkhe - temanAM baMdhano kevI rIte kapAI jAya (gAthA 10) te jaNAvavA AgaLa dharmanA sArabhUta '"pApakarmono tyAga" karavAnI prakriyA darzAvI che (gAthA 14-21, jaina darzananA gupti-siddhAMtanA Adi-mULanAM ahIM darzana thAya che. gAthA 11-13 mAM gAthA 10 mATe sAmAnya vistAra karyo che.) te vidvAne hAthapaga (='kAya"), mana-pAMca iMdriyo (='mana"), pApa ane bhASAdoSa (''vacana")-e sarva AtmAmAM sameTI levAM (gAthA 17 sarakhAvo-zIlAMka pR.115 - manovAAyanupta: san ane juo dazavaikAlika 10.15 AgaLa). ane mAna, mAyA viSe saMpUrNa jANIne zAMtinA gauravane lakSyamAM rAkhI upazAMta ane spRhA vagara viharavuM (gAthA 18). ahiMsA, asteya ane amRSAvAdanA dharmane vaLagI rahI (gAthA 19) mana ke vacanathI paNa te tenuM ullaMghana na kare ane sarvatra saMvRta (gupta) ane daMta (iMdriyanigraha karI) thaI AdAnane (AyALa, karmanuM upAdAna) sameTI levuMdUra karavuM (gAthA 20). te vidvAnane kRta, kriyamANa ke bhAvi pApa (karma) saMmata nathI, te Atmagupta ane jiteMdriya che (gAthA 21). je AvA jJAnI, mahAbhAgyazALI, vIra ane samyaktvadarzI che temanAM AcaraNa-karma zuddha che ane (baMdhanarUpa) pariNAma vagaranAM hoya che (gAthA 23). AvI Atmagupta thavAnI prakriyAne kAcabAnuM dRSTAMta ApIne spaSTa karI che ke nahIM me sa mArUM sar vede samAre, vaM pAvApuM medhAvI aAbena samAdare (gAthA 16: kAcabo jema potAnAM aMgo potAnA dehamAM saMkelI le-potAnA dehathI aMdara kheMcI le-tema medhAvI puruSa adhyAtmathI - iMdriyone aMdara AtmAmAM saMkelI laI - pApakarmo sameTI le - dUra kare). dazavaikAlikamAM (mo na machInapattIna putto 8-40 ane maNILaputto 8.44) ane bhagavatImAM ( kummo iva gutidie allINe pallINe vi...25.7.801) paNa AvA dRSTAMtanuM punarAvartana thayuM che. adhyAtmasaMvRtanuM AvuM ciMtana brAhmaNa paraMparAmAM paNa maLe che. nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada (74) jaNAve che ke apApamazanuM vRttamaniAM nityamAreta, pheMdriyALi samAtya vRoMDAnIva sarvazaH (kAcabo jema aMgo-dehamAM sameTI le-tema vidvAne iMdriyo aMdara sameTI laI hamezAM pAparahita, nItimaya saraLa vartana karavuM. sarakhAvo - rmAMDAnIva saMtya mano| vi nirudhdha va... kAcabAnI jema aMgo - iMdriyo - sameTI laI ane hRdayamAM manano nirodha karI...kSurikA upaniSada 3; ane yajJa saMhate vAyaM mammAnIva sarvazaH, phaMdriyALIndriyArthe myastasya prajJA pratiSThitA. kAcabo sarva rIte jema potAnAM aMgo kheMcI le tema A jyAre iMdriyone iMdriyonA arthamAMthI saMkelI le che tyAre tenI prajJA (jJAna, buddhi) pratiSThita-kahevAya che. gItA 2.58, uparAMta juo saMvRttanikAya 1.7). sUtrakRtAMga I mujaba sarva IMdriyothI nivRta-saMvRta ane sarvatra mukta muni lokomAM vihAra kare (10.4) ane saMpUrNa jagata samatvathI pekhIne koInuM priya ane apriya na kare00000 (sarvAM nAM tU samayAnupeDhI piyapriya stano jareSnA 10.7 = 13.22). te jIvana maraNanI AzA rAkhyA vinA ane (AvAgamananAM) vartuLathI mukta vihAra kare (jo nIvirya no maraLAminI remna mivu vAyA vimuE 10.24 = 12.22 = 13.23, juo 2.2.16). rAgadveSathI para thatAM karmano nirlepa (Asakti) raheto nathI, karmanuM baMdhana rahetuM nathI, akarmaka-karmAbhAvanI sthiti rahe che (sarakhAvo zIlAMka hraSAyAmAvo hi rmAbhAvasthAramiti. pR.41). siddha-mukatAtmA virakata, rAgadveSathI 52, alipta ke saMvRta (gupta) hovAthI tenA karmanuM bIja nAza pAmyuM che, te rAgadveSa janmAvatuM nathI, lepAyamAna karatuM nathI, punarjanmanA kAraNarUpa thatuM nathI tema dazAzrutaskaMdha jaNAve che (5.123- nA vaDDALuM vIyALa na nAti puLA, mmavIzyu Dresu na jAyaMti bhavaMkurA sarakhAvo aupapAtika SS 115). muktonuM avyAbAdha sukha devo ke manuSyanAM sukhanI apekSAe anaMtagaNuM vadhAre che (sarakhAvo 7 vi asthi mAnusALa tuM sovuM naviya savvadevALa, naM siddhALuM sovuM luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 31

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pitRNAM. abbAvA savAyA. aupapAtika 7 180) taittirIya upaniSada (2.8 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.3.32) paNa kahe che ke te e zAM mAnuSI mAtaMlAdate je zad fpApA...zataM devAnAM.. paze vRkSa AnaMH) siddhAtmAnuM sukha anupama che - upamA vagaranuM che (rUca siddhAI sovae maLava, tyi tarasa mova) ema aupapAtika (6 184) paNa jaNAve che ane maitrAyaNa upaniSada paNa jaNAve che (mAtma yajurva tame, zavate vayituM gira. 4.2 AtmAmAM je sukha maLe tenuM vANIthI varNana karI zakAtuM nathI). jinoe kahelA A-arthano (Adeza) vicAra karI bhikSue nirmama ane nirahaMkAra thaI viharavuM (yamathuM..nimano nirahaMkAne re fmavarajU nahithe sUtrakRtAMga I 9.6 = sarakhAvo.varati...nirmano nirahaMda.gItA 2.71). sutrakatAMga I nAM ane brAhmaNa paraMparAnAM keTalAMka vidhAno sAhityanI ke evI koI dRSTie samAMtara jatAM hoya che, tevAM keTalAMka vidhAnonI ahIM phakta noMdha levAmAM Ave che. sUtrakRtAMga 4mAM (tathA dazavaikAlika 8.5058 mAM) maLatA strIviSayaka keTalAka niyamo ke ullekho mahAupaniSada 3.35-57 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. sUtrakRtAMga 1. 1.2.15 mAM mleccha viSeno ullekha (sarakhAvo aupapAtika Thu 183, kuMkuMda-samayasAra gAthA 8, Aryadevacatuzataka 8.19) sAthe viSNudharmottara purANa 4.8 ane mahAbhArata 8.36 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. sUtrakRtAMga I 5.1.11 (mANUriyaM nAma...saMgha taH), juo Iza upaniSada 3 (masUrya nAma...saMdena tamarAvRtA:, A sAthe sarakhAvo sutrakatAMga I 2.3.9 kayA 1989-90 5.39 mujaba). sUtrakRtAMga I.8.1,. ..fuM 1 vIra vIra 2. Rgyeda rUca vIryam nI yAda Ape che. A uparAMta sUtrakRtAMga I nI keTalIka gAthAo gItAnA keTalAka zloko sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya, jemake 3.4.3 sitte vijo..sIvAyA -sarakhAvoH sito revano vyAsa (20-23) 6.6. aNuttaraM tappai sUrie vA -sarakhAvoH vINAnatAdyutiH ' (23.27) -sarakhAvo revAnAm..vAva: (10.22) -sarakhAvoH saralAma...sAda (10.24) 6.11 puDhe nabhe ciTThai bhUmi va dvie -sarakhAvoH dAvA thavyorila...cAma(3.20) .. - nama:spRzam (u.24) 6.18 va...nada sImatI vAta -sarakhAvoH azvatthaH sarvavRkSAnA (20.ra6) 6.19 vaMTo va tArA -sarakhAvoH nakSatrANA...zazI. (20.22) 6. 20 nAnIsu vA gharamADu -sarakhAvoH anantI..nA nAma (20.22) 6.21 hathIavaLamAdu -sarakhAvoH zerAvata netrApaIK (20.ra7) siho migANa -sarakhAvoH mRga 2 mRgendraH (10.30) salilANa gaMgA -sarakhAvoH strotasA...nAvI (10.32) pakkhIsu vA garule veNudevo -sarakhAvoH jainateya% pakSama (10.30) (juo bole IT.1988, pR.157). dharmasatra ke dharmazAstramAMthI ane rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata ke purANomAMthI paNa A pramANenA sUtrakRtAMga I nI keTalIka gAthAo sAthe zabdazaH samAMtara jatA vicAro prApta thaI zake, paNa ahIM tethI viSayAMtara thatuM hovAthI ane te vistAra mAgI letA hovAthI temanI noMdha lIdhI nathI. . sUtrakRtAMga [ nA vicAromAM pAMca mahAvrato ane rAtrI 6.7. iMdeva devANa pAchaIGNIK 32 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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bhojana-tyAgano vizeSa mahattva ApyuM che, ane koIka sthaLoe 25 bhAvanAone vaNI lIdhI che; A rIte AcArabrahmacaryanI vicAradhArAno vistAra karyo che; jema ke sUtrakRtAMga I adhyayano 3,9 (bhikSunA niyamo va., uparAMta 1.10.5, 1.15.5.i.). samagra dRSTie sUtrakRtAMga I mAM jaina sAMpradAyika bhAvanA hajI maMda svarUpe dekhAya che. temAM sAMkhya, bauddha, nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA, cArvAka, vagerenA matonuM vizleSaNa karyuM che (juo sUtrakRtAMga 1 adhyayano 1,12, tathA zrADara pR.11,14,33,35,41,49- Ti.3, para-pa3 ane bole | pR. 53-194). amaithuna vrata-brahmacaryavratanI bhAvanAo (Du 2.1). lakSyamAM laI sUtrakRtAMga 14 (strIparijJA) racAyuM hoya ema lAge che. A rIte bhojana-pAnanA niyamo (adhyayana 7, 9-10) sAthe paNa bhAvanAo vaNI lIdhI che. sUtrakRtAMga 1.11 mAM (mAgasAra) AcAra I no (juo "haMsA-samaya" 22.20) sAra Apyo che. sUtrakRtAMga I.6 mAM mahAvIranI stuti che. sUtrakRtAMga I nAM adhyayanomAM navI paribhASAnI AsapAsa navI vicAraNA raju thatI jAya che, jema ke pAMca mahAbhUto (1.1.7), pAMca skaMdha (1.1.17), cAra dhAtu (1.1.18), karma khapAvavAM (2.1.15, 12.15, I.), sAmAyika (2.2.20, 31, 16.4), kRta-kali-tretA-dvApara (2.2.23), anuttarajJAnI-anuttaradarzI, anuttarajJAnadarzanadhara (2.3.22, sarakhAvo 9.24), pariSaha-upasargonI prAthamika bhUmikA (3, sarakhAvo 123), strIveda (4.1.20,23, A paribhASA brAhmaNa paraMparAmAMthI udbhavI che, juo bole | pR.159), pratyAkhyAta-pApa (8.14), karmI (9.4). samavasaraNa (12), tathyAtathya, poggala (13.15), Amrava-saMvara- nirjara (12.21, sarakhAvo sarve saMn mahAlavA rU.2.ane nirjata 4.7), mohanIya-karma (moLamLa Dena 2.rU.22), darzanAvaraNIya-karma (sarakhAvo - saMpAvaragaMta 252), ityAdi. AvA ane bIjA vikasatI koTinA staronA saMketo ahIMthI maLI zake che. - (2) uttarAdhyayana-(kula 1-36 adhyayano) vairAgyalakSI kAvya racanAno eka graMtha che. tenA adhyayana ramAM tathA 16mAM prathama gadya ane pachI gAthAo racAI che, paNa tenuM adhyayana 29muM saMpUrNa gadyamaya che. uttarAdhyayananAM lagabhaga 11 adhyayano (9, 12-14, 18-23, 25) saMvAdamaya kAvyaracanA che. tenAM keTalAMka adhyayanomAM (dA.ta. 7, 8, 10,32,35) pAMca mahAvrato ane bhAvanAo ($ 2.1) paNa vaNI lIdhI che. uttarAdhyayanamAM AcAra-brahmacaryanA vicAro (jevA ke pApakarma AcaranAra, pApakarmanuM AcaraNa karAvanAra, pApakarmane anumodana ApanAra, I.) paNa maLe che, jema ke, "gupta' sAthe 6.11, 8.10, 12.3, va., saMdhu' ane "tiviheLa" sAthe 15.12, cha-jIva-nikAyo vikasita arthamAM (4.4, 10.5-13, 35.1-2), pAMca mahAvrato (1.47). uttarAdhyayana 1 ane dazavaikAlika 9, baMnenAM viSayavasta (guruziSya vinaya) sarakhAM che, uparAMta uttarAdhyayana 15 dazavaikAlika 10nAM kAvyazIrSaka ane dhruvapaMktio (sa-fmavarNI) sarakhAM jAya che (juo Alsadorpha Ka.sch. pR.230-231).33 uttarAdhyayanamAM navI paribhASA paNa vyakta thAya che. tenA adhyayana 6mAM, bhikSuonA AcAra-niyamomAM apratyAkhyAta-pApa (gAthA 8, sarakhAvo-pratyAkhyAta-pApa, sUtrakRtAMga I 8.14), adhyayana pamAM sAmAyika, aMga ( jaina Agama, gAthA 23, juo 11-26), adhyayana 11mAM zaMkha-cakra-gadA dhAraNa karanAra vAsudeva (gAthA 21, Avo ullekha gupta samayanuM sUcana kare che, juo bole IT. 1988, pR.154) ItyAdi paribhASAo navI che. uttarAdhyayananAM ghaNAM adhyayano (dA.ta. 2,4, 16, 24, 26, 28-31, 33-34, 36) jaina vicAradhArAnI paripakva bhUmikA vyakta kare che. A viSe AgaLa vivaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. tenAM keTalAMka adhyayanomAM cha-jIva nikAyonuM vikasita varNana paNa maLe che (juo 4.4, 10.5-13, 35.1-12). uttarAdhyayana 1.47mAM pAMca mahAvratonuM nidarzana thayuM che. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ]

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A 1-36 mAMthI keTalAMka kAvyo prAcIna jAtakakathAomAMthI janma pAmyAM che ane uttarAdhyayanamAM tene jaina vicArono svAMga Apyo che. (juo huM 1.8). samaya jatAM tenI ghaNI gAthAo kSepa-prakSepanA lIdhe vistAra pAmI. uttarAdhyayanamAM prAcIna samayathI cAlI AvatI jaina vicAronI paraMparAnA itihAsanI kAMI rUparekhA paNa maLe che. paraMtu te vizeSa saMvAdamaya graMtha hovAthI temAM tattvavicAraNAnI dRSTie Avazyaka mAhitI bhAgye ja maLI rahe che. ahIM tevI bAbatono kAMI paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. uttarAdhyayana jaNAve che ke jIvano nAza hoto nathI (2.27 - A gAthA zArapenTIyare prakSipta mAnI che), upaniSado paNa jaNAve che ke jIva marato nathI ( navo priyate chAMdogya upaniSada 6.12.2) athavA AtmA avinAzI che (vinAzI vA ma-mayamAtmA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.5.14). , itara vicArasaraNI (AtmA zarIramAM vadhe che, nAza pAme che, paNa raheto nathI...)darzAvatI uttarAdhyayanI 14.18 gAthA spaSTa kare che ke jema araNimAM agni, dUdhamAM ghI ane talamAM tela "asatu" (amUrta ?) che tema jIvAtmA "asa" che, tenA javAbarUpe AgaLa 14.19 gAthA siddhAMta rajU kare che ke AtmA iMdriyagrAhya nathI; amUrtabhAve che, ane amUrtabhAva hovA chatAM ya te nitya che (nA 2 3ii marajI mantio vIra thavuM temA tijosu...gAthA 18, no reMdriyo amumAvA gumAvA vi ya ho nitro gAthA 19). zvetAzvatara upaniSada (1.15) paNa kahe che ke tiSa tainaM dhanIva sarSamarISa naka, vAtmAna vRdyate (talamAM tela, dUdhamAM ghI.. ane araNimAM agni, ema AtmAmAM potAmAM - AtmAne jANI zakAya - grahI zakAya, sarakhAvo maLyo. iihato gAve...tad hai tat kaTha upaniSada 2.4.8). AtmA agRhya che (mAtmA gRhyo gRhyasta bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.2.4), AtmA aja, nitya ane zAzvata che (no nityaH zAzvatoDya..kaTha upaniSada 1.2.18). uttarAdhyayana jaNAve che ke jiteMdriya sarvataH mukta (15.16) ane sarva saMgarahita cheH te karmacaja vagarano ane siddha che (18.54 : zArapeTIyaranA mate prakSipta). te sarva bhUtomAM ke zatru-mitromAM, lAbha-alAbhamAM, sukhaduHkhamAM, niMdA-prazaMsAmAM, mAna-apamAnamAM samatA rAkhe che (samaya satramUrtui sasumittaluM vA 19. 25, nAmanA sade ]...sanI liA pasaMsAnuM tathA mAthAvALo 19.90. sarakhAvo anukrame gItA - sama:, zatrI va mitre 2 12.18, suluM ne kRtvA nAmAnAma...2.38, sama...nAnApamAna 12.18, aniMdrAstutiH 21.19, vaLI juo gItA 14. 24-25). uparAMta te virakate sarva AraMbho tyajI dIdhA che (19. 29 sadgAraMparivvANa = saraMparityAkI gItA 12.16) ane tene mATI, (patthara) ane sonuM sarakhAM che (35.13 - samansekvo = manojhAramAMvana: gItA 14.24; uttarAdhyayana 35.13 chaMdabhaMga thAya che). uttarAdhyayananA eka saMvAda kAvyamAM tapanA AcaraNane talavAranI dhAra para cAlavA jevuM duSkara jaNAvyuM che (sidhAramAM reva tukSara vari3 tavo 19,37) kaThaupaniSada paNa jaNAve che ke surI dhAra, nizitA durayA tu pathasta vayo vayaMti (1.3.14 kavio kahe che ke astrAnI tIkSaNa dhAra para cAlavAnuM muzkela che, te rasto kheDavo kaThaNa che). vaLI uttarAdhyayana AgaLa jaNAve che ke rAga ane dveSa karmanuM bIja che, karma mohathI upaje che, karma janmamaraNanuM mULa che (32.7). rAga dveSanA nAzathI mokSanuM sukha maLe che (32.2) zArIrika-mAnasika duHkho dUra karavA rAga choDavo jarUrI che (6 pharca mAsiyaM 2 liM-tti tasattAM cha vIyo rU2.21). iMdriyonA arthamAMthI mana dUra karI levuM (32.20, 39, para, 65, 78, 91). virAgIne koI karma lepAyamAna nathI (32.36 sarakhAvo nirvipi tithale gItA 5.7). pANImAM rahevA chatAM kamaLanuM pAMdaDuM jema pANIthI lepAtuM nathI tema je vyakti rUpa, rasa, ityAdi viSayomAM virakta thaI te saMsAramAM rahe to paNa duHkhonA pUranI paraMparAthI levAto nathI (sarakhAvo - vipatto... nipUNa mavama vi saMto nanne nA parvALiI 34 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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pAsa 32.34, 47, 60, 73, 86, 99). chAMdogya upaniSada (4.14.3) paNa e ja kahe che ke yathA purapatArA Apo 7 tiSyanta mevuMvivi pApaM rma na ziSyate (kamaLanA pAMdaDA para jema pANI lAgatuM nathI - kamaLanA pAMdaDAne jema pANI bhIMjavatuM nathI - tema AvA - brahma/Atma jJAnIne pApakarma lAgatuM nathI. sarakhAvo AtmavAM 7 khi nivakhaMti...gItA 5.41). uttarAdhyayanamAM AvA vicAro punarAvartana pAmatA rahyA che, jema ke nA poma nale nAya notibad vArinA, vaM astitta mahiM te vayaM dhUma mAdaLA 2.27 (pANImAM UgeluM padma pANIthI jema lepAtuM nathI tema je kAmathI alipta che tene ame brAhmaNa kahIe chIe sarakhAvo - ttikhate na sa pApena padmapatramivAsA gItA 5.10 ane paLe vAra yA na lippatti suttanipAta 44.9, juo 44.8). uttarAdhyayananI 9.14 gAthA - mihitAnkAmALI" 7 me kArU tti (mithilA saLagI rahI che tyAre mAruM kAMI baLatuM nathI). bahu ja prakhyAta che ane te lagabhaga ghaNA graMthomAM maLI Ave che tevuM zArapenTIyare (pR.314) noMdhyuM che (dA.ta. jAtakakathA 539, saMyuttanikAya 1, mahAvastu 3, mahAbhArata 12.9917 I., juo Alsadorpha- KI.Sch. pR.221 : mahAbhArata-jAtakakathAnA AdhAre A gAthA racAI che!). AvA virakata rAgadveSathI para vidvAnane kAMI priya-apriya hotuM nathI. te sarvatra samatAthI varte che (piyaM na vipnad vidhi akhiyaM pi na vidhnarUM - uttarAdhyayana 9.15). chAMdogya upaniSada mujaba te mukta azarIrI hotAM tene priya-apriya sparzatAM nathI (azarIra vAva sastuM 7 priyApriye spRzataH 8.12.1). Aje prApta thatA uttarAdhyayanamAM maLI AvatI kSepaka gAthAonI pRSTha bhUmikAmAM mULa prAcIna uttarAdhyayananI vairAgyalakSI kAvyaracanAmAM zarU thato jaina paraMparAno eka prAcIna itihAsa dRSTigocara thAya che. Adhunika jaina darzanamAM svIkArelA ghaNA zAstra siddhAnto AjanA uttarAdhyayanamAM maLI rahe che. paraMtu AvI paristhiti ApaNane dazavaikAlikamAM nathI maLatI. (3) dazavaikAlikanAM kula 1-12 adhyayanomAM chellAM be adhyayano (11-12) cUlikA kahevAya che. A badhAM adhyayanomAM AcArAMga-vicAradhArA kaMIka judI rIte rajU thaI che. temAM paNa samadarzI, damanazIlane pApakarma bAMdhatuM nathI ema kahyuM. che (juo SS 1.3). bhikSAmAM kAMI maLe ke na maLe to temAM teNe harSa ke zoka na karavo (5.2.30 = AcAra / 2.5.89, juo SS 1.2). krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha punarbhavanAM mULa siMcanArAM che (8.39). kAcabAnAM aMgonI jema vidvAne sarva iMdriyone aMdara (cittamAM) saMkelI levI ane sAMsArika viSayothI gupta rahevuM (8.40, 44, juo u52). dazavaikAlika jiteMdriya ane satyarata tapasvIne mAnArha ane pUjya gaNe che (9.3.13, satyarata mATe juo SS 1.8mAM 3). 6.27, 31, 42, 45, 104, dazavaikAlika 4, AcAra aa- zastraparikSAnI pUrvabhUmikA para racAyuM che. temAM pAMca vratonA vistAra sAthe rAtrI-bhojana-tyAga-pUrvaka bhikSunA niyamo darzAvyA che. temAM AvatA cha-jIvanikA zabdathI pRthvI, pANI, ityAdi cha padArthomAM ke tenI AsapAsa rahetAM prANIonuM varNana che (juo tasvir tassie taSThita - dazavaikAlika cUrNi pR.103 mujaba jIvanikA = nivAsa juo upara SSSS 1.1.1 ane 1.1.2). dazavaikAlika muktAtmAne sarvasaMgarahita (sasaMvAd 10.16) kahe che, te saMvuDa che, damanazIla che (9,4-10). dazavaikAlike tenAM adhyayanomAM bhAvanAne khUba mahattva ApyuM che (dA.ta. 1.4.1-6, 6.9-26, 8.2-12, - samagra dRSTie jotAM adhyayano 1-3, 5, 8, 10, 12). tema tenAM keTalAMka adhyayanomAM (dA.ta. 4,6) pAMca mahAvrato ane cha-jIvanikAne anusarI to koIvAra bhAvanAne anusarI (dA.ta. adhyayana 7 satyavratanI bhAvanAo, ane adhyayana 11) vivecana karyuM che. dazavaikAli 9 ane uttarAdhyayana 1 nAM viSayavastu (guru-ziSya-vinaya) sarakhAM jAya che, tathA dazavaikAlika 10 ane uttarAdhyayana 15, e baMnenAM zIrSaka ane luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo. ] [ 35 -

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dhruvapaMktio (4-favaq) sarakhI jAya che (juo upara, 2mAM). dazavaikAlikanI mAdhukarI bhikSAvRtti (madurasamA..nAnA-fpaMDayA...sAsune 1.5 bhamarAnI samAna vividha piMDa - bhikSAnamAM rata sAdhuo) brAhmaNa paraMparAnA munionI mAdhukara-zaikSa sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya (dA.ta. saMnyAsa upaniSada 71 varamAdhuraM brahma tirlecchatA - plecchonA kuTuMbamAMthI paNa yati bhamarAnI jema - mAdhukara - bhikSA le, ane nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 7 - mAdhuravRtyAhAramAin - mAdhukarI - vRttithI - bhamarAnI jema - AhAra karatAM...) dazavaikAlika 9 nA cAra abhigamo (vinaya-zruta-tapa-AcAra) var3hakaranA mUlAcAra pra sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. sUtrakRtAMga I nI apekSAe dazavaikAlikamAM jaina darzananA keTalAka tattvonI paripakava bhUmikA vyakta thAya che, jema ke jaina darzananAM jIva-ajIva (4.12-14), pApa-puNya, baMdha-mokSa (4.15-16); saMvara (4.19), jevAM tattvo, tathA jJAna-darzana (4.21-22, 6.1), jaina AgamonA arthamAM zruta-sUtra (1.6, 9.4). kadAca, sUtrakRtAMga 1 ane dazavaikAlika, ema baMnenI pravRtti ane pracAranI kSetramaryAdA bhinna bhinna paNa hoI zake, athavA dazavaikAlikamAM bIjAM adhyayanonI apekSAe 4thuM adhyayana "navuM" hoya. dazavaikAlika pa-piMDesaNAnA keTalAka niyamo saMnyAsa upaniSada pa9-102, nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 5.836 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. uparAMta dazavaikAlika 4.0 6 ra?...vadaM mANe?.. ..mAto sarakhAvo gItA 2.54 viM pramAze? vimAsIta ? vrata vim ? ane dazavaikAlika 9.1.15 nahIM karI...navaratta-tA-gaNavuiDaMA, che soha vimale kama-mu (nakSatra ane tArA gaNothI gherAyelo caMdra jema vAdaLAM vagaranA vimaLa AkAzamAM zobhI rahe che...), sarakhAvo nakSatra-tAi--saMvattA khotimatI vaMcaiiva tri: kAlidAsaraghuvaMza 6.22., vagere, vagere. upara jaNAvyuM te AdhAre spaSTa thAya che ke jaina AgamonA prAcIna staromAM maLI AvatI aneka paribhASAo aupaniSada athavA brAhmaNa vicAradhArA sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya che athavA aupaniSada ane 2 vicAradhArAo eka ja paraMparAmAMthI janmI che ema kahI zakAya che. tevI keTalIka viziSTa vicAradhArAonI to ahIM saMkSepamAM noMdha mAtra lIdhI che, te uparAMta thoDIka noMdha ahIM-AgaLa- prastuta karavAmAM Ave che. AcAra-brahmacaryamAM lepa-nirlepa (2.2.74, 2.5.89, 2.6.103) karatAM sakta-asaktanI paribhASA (dA.ta. 1.6.72-sarakhAvoH sUtrakRtAMga II 6.19.27, 3.1.107, 5.2.153; 154, 5.6.176, 6.1.178;180, vagere) vizeSa jaNAya che. A sAthe sarakhAvoH chAMdogya upaniSada 4.14.3, 5.10.10, kaTha upaniSada 2.5.15, bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.24 tathA 3.8.8, 4.4.6, vagere. vaLI, AcAra-zastraparikSAmAM sarvamAM AtmA che"-tevA prakAranA jJAnanA saMdarbhamAM vikasita zabdaprayogo ane lepa-nirlepa ke sakta-asaktanI paribhASA uparAMta vicaratA-viharatA bhikSuo mATe paNa sAMsArika vAtAvaraNanA saMdarbhamAM keTalAka navA zabdaprayogo janma pAmyA; jemakeH yata-saMyama, apramatta-pramatta, virata, uparata, upazAMta, samyatvadarzI, gupta-agupta, vagere. AcAra-bahmacaryamAM hajI aMtaHkaraNanI khAsa koI paribhASAno janma thayo na hato. prAsa- sparza e tvacAno viSaya gaNAyo nathI. iMdriya-zabda paNa AcAra-brahmacaryanA 8mA adhyayanamAM ja Ave che, paNa A adhyayana prAcIna nathI AcAra brahmacaryanA keTalAka zabdaprayogo (jemake: vAraMvAra AvatA guNa-zabda uparAMta, naTa-zabda: 5.1.151, ane madhyastha-zabda 8.8.zloka 5, vagere) prAcIna sAMkhya vicAradhArAnI asara sUcave che. yAkobI (45.SBE) ane zubrIge (67 10-11) A aMge aneka sUcano karyA che. dU dhAtu pApa ke karma-zarIra khaMkherI nAkhavAnA arthamAM jema AcAra-brahmacaryamAM (sUtra= 99, 141, 161, vagere) ke dazavaikAlikamAM (9.3.15) vaparAyo che tema te chAMdogya upaniSada (8.232. vidhUya pa, dhUtvA 36 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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zarIrama), kauSItaki upaniSada (1.4 suta-tuvRtta dhUna), maitrAyaNi upaniSada (4.6 nirdUta-marA...), vagere upaniSadomAM paNa vaparAyo che. uttarakAlIna vikAsamAM pApane khaMkherI nAkhavA ke khapAvavA mATe (nirjara) ane "pUrvakRta karmonI" kalpanA zarU thaI, jemake dazavaikAlika 6.68, 9.3.15, 10.7 tathA sUtrakRtAMga 1.15.22, uttarAdhyayana 3.20, AcAra II 16.8, vagere. A rIte jainadarzanamAM kALakrame pAMcajJAnano vikAsa thayo tathA naya, saptabhaMgI jevI prakriyAo astitvamAM AvatI gaI. AvA samaya daramiyAna karma-raja, karma-prakRti jevI paribhASAo jaina vicAradhArAmAM janma pAmI. AmAM vikasita dazAnA sAMkhya siddhAMtanI asara spaSTa thAya che. jainadarzanamAM karmanA navA siddhAMtanA AdhAre mana-vacanakoma jevA ""yoga"thI jIvamAM karmano Asrava thAya che, pariNAme jIva karma-kaSAyathI kaluSita bane che evA vicAro jamyA. AvA karmanA siddhAMtane lIdhe prAcIna jaina Agama-aMzomAMthI maLI AvatAM jIvanAM svAbhAvika lakSaNo visarAtAM gayAM - aMdhArAmAM osarAtAM gayAM. jIva svabhAve ja asakta, nirlepa gaNAto, te have ghaNA svAbhAvika guNovALo banyo (juo glAsenakha pAnuM 18); jemake jIva svabhAve ja parivartanazIla che, pravRttizIla che ane kaluSita (kaSAyayukta) paNa bane che. tenI judI judI vezyAo paNa hoya che (juo uttarAdhyayana 34 ane AlsaTorsa - AryA pA. 214, vistAra mATe juo zUbIMga - $$ 97-98). te judA judA pradezo paNa dharAve che (juo dazavaikAlika niryukti 136). te kartA paNa che ane bhoktA paNa che. teno ajIva padArtha sAtheno saMbaMdha kalpita nathI, yathArtha che. jIva parimita che, zarIranA parimANa jevaDo che, vagere uttarakAlIna vikasita dazAmAM ane Aje paNa pracalita thayelA jainadarzanamAM sahaja maLI AvatA jIvanA uparyukta svAbhAvika guNonA samarthana mATe saMkSepamAM nIce ApelI gAthAo paryApta udAharaNa pUruM pADe che. * jadi suho va asuho na havadi AdA sayaM sahAveNa / saMsAro vi ja viHi savvala nIvayA || (pravacanasAra, 1.46). jo AtmA nijI svabhAvathI ja zubha ke azubha na thato hoya to sarve jIvono saMsAra paNa na hoya ! (juo bhaTTa, ZDMG). sarakhAvoH micchA bhavetu savvatthA je keI pAraloiyA / kattA covabhottA ya jadi jIvo Na vijjaI // (dazavaikAlika, niryukti, 128). upaniSadonI tathA AcAra-zastraparijJAnI prAcIna vicAradhArAmAM karma nahIM, paNa tenAthI thatA rAga-dveSa - Asakti - ja jIvane baMdhanarUpa hatAM, karma gauNa hatuM. paraMtu have "navA" jainadarzanamAM rAga-dveSAdine mukhya baMdhanarUpa gayA to kharAM, paNa tenA karatAMya karmane vizeSa prAdhAnya ApyuM. rAgadveSAdine kaSAyamAM AvarI laI jaina vicArakoe samagra karma-prakRtino sUkSma vistAra Adaryo. karmano ATha prakAre vibhAga thayo. darekanAM prakRti-sthiti-anubhAvapradeza kalpavAmAM AvyAM. teonAM aNu pradezayukta gaNAyAM. teo pApa-karma ane zubha-karmane, jJAna tathA darzanane, nAma tathA Ayune - saune - sameTI le che. A ane AvA aneka prakAranI navI vikasita prakriyA pAchaLa zuM kAraNa haze ? AcAra-zastraparijJAnI tUTaka - veravikhera - gahana vicAradhArAnA UMDA abhyAsanI rahI javA pAmelI paraMparAgata upekSA, ke zastraparijJAnA paryApta jJAnano abhAva paNa tenuM kAraNa hoI zake. athavA to, prAcIna sAMkhya paraMparAmAMthI ja jainadarzanamAM AvI koI navI vikAsa-prakriyA zarU thaI hoya. ane AvAM badhAM kAraNo jainadarzanane prAcIna aupaniSada darzanathI bhinna gaNAvavA kadAca sahAyaka thaI paDayAM hoya.. jainadarzananA ati prAcIna maulika siddhAMto lagabhaga taddana ajJAta luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 37

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Raa che. aMdhakArapaTamAM rahI javA pAchaLa A sarve kAraNoe eka sAthe vattA ochA aMze mukhya bhAga bhajavyo hoya ema lAge che. upaniSadomAM paNa koI amuka vicAradhArAnI saLaMgasUtratA jaLavAI rahI nathI. temAM paNa kALakrame vikAsa thato gayo che. temAM sAMkhyayoga, nyAya-vaizeSika, vedAMta, vagere uttarakAlIna dArzanika vicArasaraNIonA srota maLe che. A dArzanika vicArasaraNInA AdhAre vikaselA advaita, dvaita, dvaitAdvaita, viziSTAdvaita, vagere matamatAMtaro ke zaiva, vaiSNava, vagere prakAranA saMpradAyo-dharmoe upaniSadone to samagradRSTie potapotAnI vicAraNAnA Adi gnotarUpe svIkAryA paNa che. A sarve mato-dharmonA vikAsanI kAMI parAkASThA ApaNane purANomAMthI prApta thAya che, ema kahI zakAya. A starone sUcavavA ahIM "hiMdu" zabda rUDha thayo.pa hiMdu-dharma koI eka viziSTa dharma nathI, paNa te aupaniSada vicAradhArAmAMthI janmelI sarva prakAranI vicArasaraNIono dyotaka,-sarvane AvarI leto, eka sAmAnya zabda che. A prakAromAM jaina (ane bauddha) mata paNa samAI jAya. paraMtu jaina vicArakoe temanI vicAradhArAne aupaniSada vicAradhArAthI bhinna gaNAvavA koziza karI. "zubha ane azubha, jJAna ane ajJAna, nAma ane rUpa,-te badhuM avidyA che, ane jIva mukti na pAme tyAM lagI-baMdhanadazA sudhI ja - te sarvenI jALamAM phasAyelo rahe che"-AvA prakArano aupaniSada vicAradhArAnA siddhAMtonuM hArda sUcavatAM vidhAno sAthe jainadarzananA siddhAMtonuM hArda sUcavatAM vidhAno-jevAM ke." zubha ane azubha, jJAna ane darzana, nAma ane gotra, vagere badhuM karmaprakRti ke kaSAyanA lIdhe hoya che, ane jIva mukti na pAme : tyAM lagIja te sarvenI jALamAM phasAyelo rahe che"-sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. AvAM baMne prakAranAM vidhAnomAM paribhASA ja bhinna tarI Ave che eTaluM ja; paraMtu te sivAya temAM bhAgye ja koI tAttvika bheda jaNAze. prAcIna vicAradhArAmAM tema ja AcAra-zastraparijJAnI vicAradhArAmAM jIvanAM lakSaNo aneka rIte samAna jatAM, paNa jainadarzanane jainetara-darzanathI bhinna citaravA ke koI evA AzayathI ziSTasamayanA uttarakAlIna (Azare I.sa. 2-3 sadI pachInA) jaina vicArakoe karma-kaSAyanA siddhAMtathI jIvanAM lakSaNonI anyathA punaHvicAraNA karI, te lakSaNomAM pheraphAra karyA ane aMte, teo jIvane saMpUrNa jaina-lakSaNovALo karI mUkIne viramyA. temaNe jIvanA pAyAnAM svabhAvagata lakSaNonA vicAro vahetA mUkanArA zastraparijJAnA maulika siddhAMto para sakhata "AghAta" karyo. pariNAme, jainadarzananA maulika siddhAMto pAMgare te pahelAM ja te para aMdhakAra-pacheDo paDyo. AcArazastraparijJAnA maulika siddhAMtonuM A prakaraNa prAcIna bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA itihAsamAM hajI paNa taddana ajAyuM ane aMdhakAramaya rahyuM che ! 38 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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*pAdaTIpa0 * zeTha bhoLAbhAI je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana (amadAvAda)mAM ""bhAratIya saMskRti vyAkhyAnamALA'nA upakrame meM ApelAM kula cAra saMzodhanAtmaka bhASaNomAMthI, aMgrejImAMnAM pahelAM traNa bhASaNo (viSaya:The Idea ofAhimsa andAsceticismin Ancient Indian Tradition. Recent text. historical analysis of Vedic rituals with special reference to the so-called "Samapism." tA. 22 thI 24.2.1993) uparAMta, gujarAtI bhASAmAM ApelA (tA.25.2.1993) cothA bhASaNane ahIM saMzodhanAtmaka lekharUpe prasiddha karavAmAM Ave che. mULa prAcInatA jaina AgamomAM vaidika vicAradhArAnI asara nIce vikasatI jaina vicAradhArA, temaja vaidika vicAradhArAthI viruddha evI Aryetara manAtI zramaNa saMskRtinI nirAdhAratA darzAvavAno A lekhano mukhya uddezya che. AvA ane anya vicArone sAMkaLI leto eka vistArapUrNa saMzodhana-graMtha huM taiyAra karI rahyo chuM. temAMnI thoDI gaNI mAhitI A lekhamAM ApavAmAM AvI che. uparyukta aMgrejI bhASaNo pustakarUpe zeTha bho.je. vidyAbhavana dvArA 1995mAM prakAzita thaI cUkyAM che. - baMsIdhara bhaTTa. 1. juo, yAkobI - 22, pR. 3, Ti. 2 2. vaidika yajJanI paribhASAmAM pazune yajJamAM hiMsA mATe laI javA mAnakhate (pakaDI rAkhavAnA arthamAM), mArI nAkhavA saMjJAti (saMmati darzAvyAnA arthamAM) to koIvAra mata (svargamAM javA mokalavuM, tevA arthamAM), vadha karanArane zamayitA (duHkha zamAvanAra, mukta karanAranA arthamAM) jevA prayogo jovA maLe che. samaya jatAM mAnakhate mArate jevo zabda hiMsA mATe ke hiMsAthe zastra pakaDavAnA arthamAM pracalita thayo. (juo, AcAra niyukti 102-samApada vyApati zIlAMka-TIkA pR.23). AvI paribhASA mATe juo hAnsa oerTala - Euphemismin der Vedischen Prosa... (vaidika gadyamAM prazaMsArthaka zabda vikalpa...) Sitengn. Bayer.Akad.1942. jaina vicArako ane vaidika yajJa, ityAdi mATe juo Alsadopha 1961 pR.47-49 (pariziSTa 1), hAnsa petara zmidata - The Origin of Ahimsa Melanges D'Indianisme, Paris 1968 pR.625-655; bhaTTa-1995 prakaraNa 4-5 (juo pR.5 para TippaNI). mA-5 mATe juo koyapara "va AkhAna2017 (pR.156 159), 1958 (pR.309-310). 3. A muddAnI vistRta carcA mATe Abhradophe 1961 pR. 570 thI AgaLa, bhaTTa-1995 - prakaraNa 4 (pR.1 paranuM TippaNa). 4. gautama dharmasUtra 3.22 nA vivecana mATe : velera 1986 pR.474-475, Ti,78 tathA 1987 pR.111-131; mitahAusena. pR.3, ' 'Ti,15. sarakhAvo chAMdogya upaniSada 6.11.1 AgaLa Ti.30. 5. jemake Rgvada: thAtuzaraNaM jayate (1.68.5); pagUMtha thAtRzaraNaM vadi (2.72.6), gata tathuSaDha (1.115.1 = atharvaveda 13.2.35) nAta: thAtumaya (4.53.6), aitareya upaniSada gaMDenani nAgani vedanAni voddhini ..gaM 1 pati ya ra thAvaram (rU.3). hyumanA mate ahIM khaMDanAnaprakSipta che.-uparAMta, chAMdogya upaniSada (6.3.1) ane zvetAzvatara upaniSada (3.18). vadhu mAhitI mATe juo hAnephelDa pR.14-147, mitahAusena pR.61-63,80, ane zUIMga 6 118, zIMga.voma.pR.70,Ti.3. 6. vaidika sAhityamAM prANa-AtmA ane prajJA-AtmAnA vivecana mATe vAlera rUbenakata Die Philosophie der Upanisaden (aupaniSadatattvajJAna) para pAula hakeranI vistRta samIkSA (ZDMC-1950 pR.395-398) juo. 7. zbrIge A sUtronA gaghapAThanI amaulikatA viSe vivecana karyuM che (juo zUbIMga.voma.pR17-18, 69-72). cha javanikAyamAM AvAM nAmo mATe juoH AcAra I4.2.139, AcAra aa.8.3.211 (agnikAya), dazavaikAlika (anekavAra), 6.27-28, 10.1-5, uttarAdhyayana 12.38-41, zUbIMga...hu104 dazavaikAlika 6.27,31,42mAM "Azrita" ane uttarAdhyayana 12 mAM "nidhita" zabdothI spaSTa thAya che ke pRthvI, pANI, vagere padArthomAM jIvo rahe che, paNa te jIvo pRthvIkAya che evo artha dRSTi nathI. nikAya (zarIra) zabda mATe juo. zvetAzvatara upaniSada 3.7. yathAnijAye sarvabhUteSu Dhama (badhAM prANIonA zarIramAM aMdara raheluM), ahIM nivAca = zarIra (zAMkarabhASya); vadhu mAhitI mATe juo- hAuzilTa, pR17. kIesamasanI yathArtha saMjJA gujarAtImAM nahIM maLatAM ahIM aMgrejI zabda prayoga karyo che. kiIesamasa eTale samAnArthI zabda yojanAvALAM be samAMtara vAkyomAMthI bIjAnAM zabdonI kAMIka UlaTI yojanA. TUMkamAM, be vAkyomAM anyonyanA zabdonI UlaTasUlaTa cokaDI (x)jevI goThavaNI; dA.ta. vaidika sAhityamAM -zyAmajIvanaM prapadya kavitAzyAmaM prapo (chAMdogya upaniSada 8.13.1). matIti vennati ta nati veta. ane mana ve ivada satyantiAbhAve vahivatta (tejobiMdu upaniSada 5.26, 37).....zastra parijJAmAM..patya satyaM samAraMbhamAna zvete gAraMgA aparipaItA bhavaMtA - satya samAraMbhamAna zvete gAma paribAtA avaMti (2.16, kula cha vAra punarAvartana mATe juo upara), ne to abbhAikkhati se attANaM abbhAikkhati je attANaM abbhAikkhati se logaM anbhAikkhati (3.22, 4.32), je dIhalogassa khettaNNe se asatthassa khettaNNe / je asatthassa khettaNNe se dIhalogassa khettaNNe (4.32), je ajjhatthaM jANati se bahiyA jANati / je bahiyA jANati se ajjhatthaM jANati (7.56), vagere. AvI UlaTasUlaTI zabda racanAvALA kiesamasa sAthe vaitAlIya chaMdaracanA (juo vaitAlIya adhyayana, sUtrakatAMga .2.1) ane kaMIka anyonya-alaMkAranI paNa tulanA karI zakAya, sarakhAvo- zazinAM 2 ahIM zastraparijJA sUtra 3.20 ane AcAra II.1.2.3.443 sarakhAM che (zUbIMga.voma.pR.69, Ti.1) laTI yojanA chAMdo zAparivAraparA luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 39

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9. bhAvArtha pAMca (iMdriyonA) pravAhanAM jaLavALA...pAMca prakAranA AvartavALA ane pAMca duHkharUpI pUavAhanA vegavALA... pAMca (du:khonAM) baMdhano (nadI/srota) ame jANIe chIe (1.5.6); e brahma (saMsAra) cakramAM jIva (haMsa) aTavAyA kare che (1.6), vidvAna sarve pravAho tarI jAya (2.8), guNothI saMkaLAyelAM karmo zarU karIne...(varSa-mAma- sarakhAvo--samAraMpa! 6.4). vistRta mAhitI mATe juo hAuzilTa pR.5-7, 12, 282, hyuma.pR.398 sarakhAvoH pataMjalinA yogasUtra (2.15) para vyAsabhASyamAM- 3Hstrota mUhAmAna". "du:khonA pravAhathI dUra ghasaDAI jatA...". tathA chAMdogya upaniSada 4.15.6:-... mAnavamAvata nAvartane nAvartansa. (teo) A mAnava-AvartamAM pAchA AvatA nathI, pAchA AvatA nathI. Avarta eTase pAchA AvavuM, punarjanma.. nAradaparivrAjaka upaniSada 9.4-5, srota uparathI jaina darzanamAM Asava zabda utpanna thayo che. 10. brAhANa paraMparAnAM ane AcAra brahmacaryamAM samAMtara cAlI AvatA AvA AdarzanI pAchaLa be muddA spaSTa tarI Ave che, rahasyamaya (mystic) Atmatattva ane tenA jJAnathI jJAnInI rahasyamaya ucca sthiti. parAkASThA. evI sthitinI ahIM prazaMsAmAtra karavAmAM AvI che ke te jJAnI baMdha ane mokSathI, pApa ane puNyathI ke laukika nItiniyamothI taddana para che. AvAM vidhAnone ahIM zabdazaH ke yathArtha ghaTAvavAnAM hotAM nathI. AvI prAcIna jaina vicAradhArAno uttarakAlIna AgamagraMthomAM pheraphAra thayo, dA.ta. sUtrakRtAMgA.1.1. 27-29, 11. AvA prayogo mATe juo vAkeranegala II. 1. hu 12-DI, vhITanInuM saMskRta vyAkaraNa huM 13.16 sarakhAvo= ApastaMba dharmasUtra 2.26.20; kaTha upaniSada 5.4; lUDo rozara. Joi 22. 1972, pR.11. 12. sarakhAvo- prathAna-kSetrajJa-ti[LA: (zvetAzvatara upaniSada 6.16); uparAMta maitrAyazi upaniSada 2.5. ane gItA-adhyAya 13; kSetrajJa kSetravidanA vizada varNana mATe juo sarvasAra upaniSada 1.8; ane AvI paribhASA mATe juo vihelma rAu- Staat and Gesellschaft in alten indien (prAcIna bhAratamAM rAjaya ane samAja), vasabADana 1957, pR.52. kSetrajJa zabda brAhmaNa graMthomAM pAribhASika zabda rahyo che. 13. AcAra-cUrNi (pR.143) ane tene anusarIne zIlAMka (AcAra-pR.124-125) ahIM nivAya no artha "nikAca = vyavasthANa' kare che te yathArtha nathI. sUtra4.2.139ne AcAra 2.3.78 sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. vaLI, A sUtramAMthI (4.2.139) "kanekSi...ta veba" sudhInI paMkti AcAra 1.6.49mAM prasiddha thaI che (juo upara hu 11.2). ahIM, samyakatvamAM ane sUtrakRtAMgamAM 1.1, "samaya" adhyayananA) vicAro samAMtara jatA lAge che. samaya zabda "kALanuM eka sUkSmatama parimANa (laNa?)", uparAMta "prasaMga", "yogya paLa" va. arthamAM paNa vaparAya che (juo Alsadophe-dumapattaya-uttarAdhyayana 10;KI.sch.pR.228). 14. dA.ta. muni, anagAra - 2.2.71; virAga-3.3.123, parivrAja - 2.5.88, 3.3.124, 5.5.166, 5.6.173; brahmacaryA 4.4.143, 5.2.155; tathA sarakhAvo- 2.3.78, 2.6.97, 2.6.101, ityAdi. 15. A vAkyamAM AvatA haMtatra zabdanA bIjA cAra samAnArthI zabdonI (juo upara hu 1.4 mAM "zabdADaMbaro"- Cliche) yojanA karI bIjAM cAra vAkyono vistAramAtra karyo che. te badhAMno artha upara jaNAvyA mujaba ja thAya che. vaLI, tA...pAyA. pachI AvatA vAkyano (gusaMveyane mALaf i tavaMti nAbapatya- saMskRtamAM-"tuvenama-AtmanA mahantavyam' tana-pagAI'- AtmAe jemake "haNavuM joIe? 'evuM anusaMvedana - phaLasvarUpa jJAna? - na icchavuM ?) artha karavo muzkela che. AvAM badhAM vAkyonA pATha AgamonI vAcanAomAM badalAI gayA lAge che...AvA arthamAM juo dazavaikAlika 6.10(1o no va thAya), suttanipAta 705 (none pAye, bIMga-AcAra pR.78 parathI), dhammapada 129/203 (neva paMthe vAta), udAnavarga 5.19 (naiva hatyAnna thAye), mahAvastu 3.387.13 (naiva yAta). 16. juo hAkara KI.sch.Topos and Chresis ojasa = vIrya, teja - AcAra 6.5.196 (juo zIlAMka-AcAra pR.171). sUtrakRtAMgA 4.1.11, 4.2.1, 14.21 mAM koNa zabdaprayoga thayo che. temAM sUtrakRtAMgacUrSie oja no artha "rAgadveSa rahita" ke "elo, paNa kuTuMbane vazavartI" (pR.134) karyo che (juo yAkobI.45 pR.52 tathA AlsaborDa-iWiyaritrapR.207-11-sI ane pR.211-1e, ane bole.pR.151). (gaNitanI paribhASAmAM viSamarAzi mATe ojasa zabdaprayoga thAya che.) lokasAranA A sUtramAM (5.6.176) maoNpa sAthe gapratiSThAna zabda joDAyo che teno arthaH nirAlaMbana -pratiSThAnathI para ke pratiSThAna rahita thAya. kAraNa ke ahIM AtmatattvanuM prakaraNa che. (jaina darzana mujabanA vizvaracanA-vidhAnamAM apratiSThAna nAmanuM eka naraka che, paNa te ahIM mAnya nathI.). AcAra-brahmacaryamAM kSetrajJa zabda sAthe nakArArthaka chaThThI vibhakti ekavacanavALA zabdonA prayoga thayA che, te vizeSa noMdhapAtra che. ahIM A sUtramAM pratiSThAna eTale nirAlaMbana (sarakhAvo AcAra II. 16.804 renianaMtAnapaTTio.. te nirAlaMbana, pratiSThAthI para che !). ojasa ane tenA saMdarbhamAM sarakhAvo - teja -nisarga ane tapa-teja, samuddhAta, va. (zUlkIMga 77 89, 181). 17. upaniSadomAM saMjJA ane mukta jIvAtmAnA vivaraNa mATe juo yAkobI KI.schpR.771 ane hAnephelDa. pR. 105-109 ityAdi. 18. mahAnizIthasUtra (Abh. J. Konigt. Preuss. Alkad. dWiss.1918), dazavaikAlika (amadAvAda-1932), Studien zum Mahanisitha (mahAnizIthanuM adhyayana) 6-8; hAmanIsAthe; ANIS 1951, 1-5; daghUsAthe. ANIs 1963; aicAradazA, vyavahAra, nizItha; meDama kayA ule. 40 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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sAthe, ANIS 1966. juo piMDesaNA-, ADelahAIDa meTTa Ak. Wiss. Lit. Mainz 1973..dA.ta. gumAyA hA...dazAzrutaskaMdha 6.150 =...reta...yumAtrAvanodI "dhUMsarInA aMtara jeTale dUra joIne vihAra karavo...zAdhyAyanIya upaniSada 18. vistAra mATe juo bhakra.1978 pR.76-79. 19. vistAra mATe juo rizArDa hAuzilTaH Metrische Sticke in dr Chandogya UpanisNad (chAMdogya upaniSadamAM chaMdabaddha padyapaMktio) Die sprache... vIlabADana 1921, pR.32-63.. 20. juo. kaTha upaniSada 1.2.17; prazna upaniSada 5.5.; muMDaka upaniSada 1:26, 2.2.6; chAMdogya upaniSada 4.15.6 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 6.2.15; chAMdogya upaniSada 8.4.3; 8.5.4; 8.12.6; bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 3.6.1, 4.3.32-33, 4.4.23. aupaniSada ane prAcIna pAli ke bauddha darzanamAM AvatA brahmalokanA ullekho mATenA horzanA vicAro mATe juo pR. 468-429. 21. samrATa azoka (buddhanA nirvANa pachI 218 varSe rAjyAbhiSeka; I.sa. pUrve 3-0 sadI) upara paNa AvA lokadharma ke lokavicAranI asara thaI hatI. maulikadhammapado paNa bauddhamatanI asara rahita che. AnA vistAra mATe juo - Alsadopha: The Akhyana Theory Reconsidered, JOI. 13, 1963-1964, pR.195-207 khAsa pR. 202-203; Bemelkungen zum Vessantara Jatalia (saMtara jAtaka para TippaNa), 1957, KI.sch. pR.270-339, khAsa pR.338-339, Zu den Ajolka-Inschriften (azokanA zilAlekho viSe). 1959-1960, KI.Sch. pR.455-463, 9.90. mahAvIranI (janma-kuMDapuramAM) ane buddhanI (janma kapila vastumAM) samaya maryAdA (mauryavaMzanA prAraMbhamAM) I.sa. pUrve 4thI sadInI AsapAsa, gal LS y Quiz - Die Datieraug des Buddha... (4244 Aglu), Saeculam 39.1; 1988, Die Lebenszeit des Buddha...(att jIvanasamaya), gyoTIMgana 1986, pR. 121-184. 22. I.sa. pUrve Azare bIjI sadImAM magadhamAM jainadarzananI pahelI vAcanA thaI te vakhate AcAra, sUtrakRtAMga, dazavaikAlika ane uttarAdhyayana, maulika svarUpathI sudhArA vadhArA sAthe kaMIka vRddhi pAmI cUkyAM hatAM tene zIMga "prAcIna Agama" (Senior Canons) kahe che. temane samayanI" - daSTie kaMIka A rIte kramamAM mUkI zakAya - AcArA, AcAra II, sUtrakRtAMgA, dazavaikAlika ane uttarAdhyayana. A samaye temanA adhyayanomAM vibhAgo ane nAmo paNa apAI cUkyAM hatAM. I.sanI chaThThI sadImAM - eTale ke mahAvIranA nirvANane lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa vItyA pachI, gujarAtanA valabhImAM chellI vAcanA thaI, te vakhate jaina Agamo aneka sudhArAvadhArA sAthe kadamAM ane saMkhyAmAM vRddhi pAmI cUkyAM hatAM; ane te rIte temanuM saMkalana thayuM. mahAvIranA jIvanakALa daramiyAna to phakta sAmayika (paheluM "Avazyaka"),-- AcAra-brahmacarya-mAM zastraparikSA, bhikSuonA keTalAka niyamo, vagere ja astitvamAM AvyuM haze. 23. juo bole .kR.57, thIme Kisch. pR.790, sUtrakRtAMga 1. 9.1 upara cUrNi pR.217, ane te para yAkobI-45 nI noMdha. mahAvIranuM kuLanAma jJAta gotranAma kAzyapa, mULanAma vardhamAna ane jaina paraMparAnuM nAma mahAvIra, e nAmo A krame uttarottara vaparAtAM gayAM, sarakhAvo mAlavaNIAno A saMbaMdhamAM lekha. 4. The Synchronism of the Buddha and the Jina Mahavira and the Problem of Chronology in Early Jainism (Symposien...) gyoTIMgana 1991, pR. 13-137. 24. juo epha eDaja8nanA The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy (195) paranI pAula hAkaranI samIkSA (II. 11, 1928, pR. 38- . 40); mRta AtmatattvanA arthamAM vaparAtuM, sarakhAvo - AcAra 4.4.146 para zIlAMka paNa satyane Rta kahe che (pR.130) ! vaLI juo dazavaikAlika 9.3.13:...vividha sarvara, sapuSpo.. 25. AcAra bahAcaryamAMthI upara nirdezelA ullekhomAM vecavI zabda para cUrti ane zIlAMka(1) AcAra 3.1.107 upara cUrNi (pR.100)-vetika gega so velo, te vecatIti kevI (jenAthI jJAna thAya che te veda, je tenuM jJAna Ape che te vedavida = tIrthakara ke gaNadhara). zIlAMka (pR. 103) veete nIvAzyipa-anaiti re - mAvA/EITH;, te verIti vevi. (2) AcAra 4.4.145 upara cUrNi (pR.152) - vele na to vero - sud, sevaMviti, evI - (jenAthI jaNAve che te veda-sUtra, veda (sUtra). je jaNAve che te vedavida = sUtravida). zIlAMka (pR. 130) ve-Anarta veravi vevas - sarvajJopavityartha (3) AcAra 5.4.193 upara cUrNi (pR.185)-kuvAnane vAvayelo, saMve rasa letI (veda eTale bAra aMgo ke pravacana, te je jaNAve che te vedavida = tIrthakara, gaNadhAra). zIlAMka (pR.145) vevi-tIvite...vA mAmalAtha, vAddhApUrvavidyA. (4) ...gAra vimaphreivI - AcAra 6.5.199 (...vedavida kahe, vizleSaNa kare, vakhANa) upara curNi (pR.237)- veriSad ane velo, veniMti velo, gIvAhiye velAtIti thavI (jenAthI jJAna thAya te veda, je jaNAve che te veda, vAdipadArthonuM je zAna Ape che te vedavida = tIrthakara, gaNadhara, i.) zIlAMka (pR.171) vevid- bhAva-. "11 luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 41

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AcAra-niryukti 11mAM (pR.4) brahmacaryanAM nava adhyayanovALo veda' jevA zabdothI vaidanI pratiSThA jeTalI AcArAMganI pratiSThA jaNAvI che. (AcAra-niryukti 11 prakSipta gAthA che. mULe te nizItha bhASya gAthA.1 che, ahIM AcAramAM tenuM punarAvartana thayuM che. juo zuddhIMga chedasUtra pU.92, pAna. 18 upara ane bhaTTa 199-88 pR.101), AcArAMgamAM AvatA vedaveda zabdanA saMdarbhamAM paM. mAlavaNIAnA keTalAMka vidhAnonI saMkSipta samIkSA ahIM anivArya thaI paDe che, jema ke: "...commentaries such as Niryukti and Curni betray fascination for the Vedas,..But the Acaranga Curpi (p. 185)...says that the twelve angas are the Veda. This shows the prestige of the Veda amongst the public in those days. This is why the Jainas were ready to call their canonical literature "Veda"- (Beginnings of Jaina Philosophy in the Acaranga nAme paM. dalasukha mAlavaNIbAno lekha, pR.151 juo pariziSTa 1) 5. mAlavaNIo ahIM jaNAve che ke jaina TIkAkArone - niyukti, curti - va.ne veda pratye ahobhAva hato-vaidanI pratiSThAthI teo AkarSAyA hatA. paraMtu, upayukta AcAra-mUrtinA adhyayana uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke jo te TIkAkArone - cUrNi ke zIlAMkane-veda pratye sAcesAca ahobhAva hota ke teo vedanI pratiSThAthI AkarSAyA hota to teo veda ke vedivada jevA zabdono sAMpradAyika artha ghaTAvavA koziza na karata. teoe veda ke vedavida zabdano paraMparAgata artha (juo upara ) to mAnya rAkhyo ja nathI ! 5. mAlavIe te lekhamAM AgaLa jatAM vaLI bIjuM eka maMtavya vyakta karyuM che ke AcArAMgamAM (upara nirdezelAM pAMca sthAnomAM to jaina dharmanA praNetAne paNa vaidavida kahyo che (sarakhAvo "Not only this, the leader of the Jina: is designated as vedai... pR.151), paraMtu upara nirdezelAM pAMceya avataromAMthI spaSTa thAya che ke paM. mAlavaNIA AcArAMganuM svataMtra parIkSaNa karyA vinA phakta mUrtine (ke zIlAMne) ja anusarIne AvuM maMtavya darzAve che, je taddana bhUlabhareluM che. AcAra brahmacaryamAM to vedavida zabda brahmavida, Atmavida, ke dharmavidanI jema sAmAnya arthamAM vaparAyo che. sAce-sAca to cUrNie ane zIlAMke ja sau prathama veda zabdano artha badalI kADhIne vedavida zabdano artha tIrthaMkara ke mahAvIra sAthe joDavA prayAsa karyo che ! vaLI. jainonAM cha Avazyaka sUtronA AdhAre vikaselAM naMdIsUtra ane anuyogadvArasUtra jevA uttarakAlIna (I.sa. Azare 5mI ke ThThI sadI) AgamomAM cAra vedane mithyAzruta (naMdI 72) ke laukikazruta (anuyogadvAra 49) tarIke gaNAvI temanI avagaNanA karI che ane samagra jaina Agamone samyag-zruta ke lokottarazruta (naMdI 71) gaNAvI temanI prazaMsA karI che. jaina sAMpradAyika bhAvanAnI AvI spaSTa paristhitinI sAthe '"jaino potAnA Agama sAhityane veda tarIke bIradAvavA Atura hatA" evI matalabanuM paM. mAlavaNIAnuM vidhAna visaMvAda sarAve che (juo upara... the Jains were ready...Veda)! paM mAlavaNIonAM AvAM vidhAno aspaSTa ane bhramajanaka che. 26. dA.ta. yastu sarvAMgi bhUtAnyAtmatyevAnupazyati...tato na vi zuSupsate (Iza upaniSada 6 = bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.23 = kaTha upaniSada 4.5, juo upara huM 1.3) sarakhAvo suttanipAta 30,23 anAvAnuM patraka. huM va onuM verakatva mAmate strI sau thI pratitivruti... (kena upaniSada 4.34. je A pratiSThA A pramANe jANe che te pApa dUra karI aMte uttama svarga lokamAM pratiSThA pAme che) ...tamAtmasthaM cainuparavAna zIva ropamAM zAntiH sAdhI ceriyAnuM kiTha upaniSada 2.5.13 - je pIra puruSa potAmAM rahelA tene jue che temane zAzvata zAMti che, anya koIne nahIM) ....... puruSaprayyAthI....ma pAppA vinimuM....pAsa...puruSamItte (prazna upaniSada 5. 5 - je parama puruSanuM dhyAna dhare che te pApathI mukta thayelo, parathI paNa para evA puruSane jue che) ...zrIjI pANa mALi tasminuM ke pApe (muMDaka upaniSada 2.2.8 - ''para ane avaramAM ucca, nIca, sarvatra rahelA tene jotAM enAM karmo nAza pAme che.... pUrNa 4 yAya na Anti vikamaThuM mApu bhAratam, vize khApaNamiti taittirIya upaniSada 2.9. = bRdAraka upaniSada 4.4.22 "meM kema sArUM kAma na karyuM? meM kema pApakarma karyuM?" ema ene tApa-duHkha thatuM nathI...??) ...vaMvitti pApaM varma na ztiyyate (chAMdogya upaniSada 4.14.3 - ema jANanArane pApa karma lAgatuM nathI)...3paratastitikSuH...sarvamAtmAnuM pati naine pAppA tati, sarva pAppAnuM tarati (bRhadAraNyaka upaniSada 4.4.23 - te uparata ane titikSu sarva AtmA jue che. ene pApa tarI jatuM nathI, te pote badhAM pApa tarI jAya che). - 27. pI.TeDesko (Sanskrit-a-mred- "to repeat". JAOS 73, 1953, P. 80) mujaba prAcIna dhAtu j, bhU. kR- tRLa; tenA sthAne tRtta ke kutta, temAMthI prAkRtamAM gu thayuM hoya. te uparathI AgaLa nAmapAtu tarIke prAkRtamAM vRtti jevo prayoga thayo. jyAre dhAtumAMthI saMskRtamAM poti jevo prayoga pAklininA samayathI zarU thayo. (juo bolTe 1 pR. 54. Ti, 8). zani zabda mATe juo bolle . pR. 39. 28. ahIMnI jema bIje paNa pApa-karma va.thI mukta thavA sApanI kAMcaLInuM dRSTAMta ApyuM cheH jema ke AcAra II, 16.801 (gAthA 143: tathA muLaMme guLatartha nA va vimurM se tuhalenga mAho), uttarAdhyayana 14.34 (hA ...muryano nimmoLi hibna patter mutto) tathA 19.86 (mamAM chiMdaI tAhe mahAnAgo ja kaMcuyaM). 29. uparAMta juo mahAbhArata 5.32.14; 5.40.2; 13.61.66; manusmRti 11.227; suttanipAta 1.17..ahIM sarvatra pApa-ityAdi dUra karavA sApa-kAMcaLInuM dRSTAMta ApyuM che. (bolTe 1 pR.46, Ti.3 nA AdhAre), tathA bole 1990 pR.37-38...jaiminIya brAhmaNa 2.134- mA munivaryonA viSNu guMcA phImAM paDe.... dInikAya . 77 (dITara kSagaloboocuham 36,4(1985), Ti.48 5. = 42 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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30. sUtrakRtAMga nI A 19-18 gAthAonI pada paMktiono artha spaSTa karavA tenA anuvAdamAM TheraThera kauMsamAM keTalAye zabdonI pUrti karavI paDe che (juo zUbIMga.vo.ma. pR.152). A gAthAonI padapaMktio astavyasta thaI gaI hoya ema lAge che. 17mI gAthAnI bIjI paMktimAM vipuNavaMti nI jagAe viMvaMtino pATha hovo joIe, ane 18: padanAsthAne 17c ane 17cnA sthAne 18 no pheraphAra karavAthI artha sugama thaI paDe che ane tevo krama A gAthAomAM susaMbaddha paNa lAge che. 31. (sUtrakRtAMga 1. 11.13) e huM gADuM na f = tyAM nAtu (Iza upaniSada 1). nAr sAtamI vibhakti gati athavA gatyAma (juo pizela hu 386), sarakhAvo - gamaLe nAtI...nau (sUtrakRtAMgA. 2.1.4). naVI = prANIo (zIlAMka pR.37, 107, 137 ane zUchIMga.vo.ma.pR.130, bole II pR.30). I zabda Iza upaniSada 1 nA gajati sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. gata eTale svAbhAvika rIte ''jaMgama''; vRkSa, vanaspati jevAM "sthAvara'thI bhinna. paraMtu ahIM "gati' mAM vRkSa, vanaspati, ityAdi paNa samAI jAya che. kAraNa ke vRkSa, vanaspatio paNa jIvaMta che ema upaniSado (dA.ta. chAMdogya upaniSada 6.11.1. mA...vRkSo ...kanyA cAkanIvanastravet... A vRkSanA - mULamAM ke kayAMya je koI che to te jIvatuM hoI sUve...) jaNAve che. dharmasUtromAM (dA.ta. gautama dharmasUtra 3.20) vRkSa ke vanaspatinAM pAna keDALI toDavAM nahitema jaNAvyuM che. (vistAramAM juo thIye.1965 pR.89-990; uMcha mATe zAMkhAyana gRhyasUtra4.11.13 ane pI.TaDesko. JAOS 1957, pR.193..)...pAli sAhityamAM magna zabda maithuna sAthe saMkaLAyelo che-juo zUbIMga AcAra pR.77 ane bole II pR.66, sarakhAvoH atyAnaMdrA ne saMtoSa prApyatharbheLa chata - suzruta saMhitA, uttarataMtra, 38.15 - prApa maithuna vanaspatijIva mATe juo upara huM 1.1.1....dazavaikAlika 10.17mAM mayaMkara = a-1 - phUDa = muMgo, bolyA vagara. 32. vaLI juo sUtrakRtAMga II 6.47 - mavattavaM puratuM mahaMta, sanAtai avanavayamavartha 2, sa, mUtevi avato che... sarakhAvo - zvetAzvatara upaniSada - vedata puruSa mahAta..(rU.8), tamAkuiyaMpuruSa mahAta..(rU.22), vo Tuva: sarvabhUteSa pUDhaDa...(6.22), ane gItA 11.18 - tvamavyaya:...sanAtanavaM puruSo mato che. . jache gajebI-45--41; &aa s2,54, 61. 33. Alsorse tenA vidvattApUrNa lekhomAM uttarAdhyayananAM keTalAMya kAvyonAM samIkSApUrvaka aitihAsika vizleSaNa karyA che. te lekhomAM uttarAdhyayananAM nIce jaNAvelAM adhyayano samAI jAya che. Alsadoryu-AryAmAM -adhyayano 24 (pR. 160-162), 26 (pR. 179-200) 28(pR.200209), 30(pR.209-214), 33(pR.178-179), 36(pR.163-176); ane 19, 20, 34 (pR.158-159-saMkSepamAM noMdha), uparAMta Alsadospha-KI.Sch. mAM adhyayano 9 (pR.215-224), 10 (pR.225-230), 12, 25 (pR.243-251), 13 (pR. 186192), 15(pR.230-243), 22(pR. 178-185). zArapenTIyare paNa tenI uttarAdhyayananI AvRttinI prastAvanAmAM (pR.35 thI AgaLa). uttarAdhyayanamAM keTalAMka prakaraNonI samIkSA karI che. vAcakavargane uttarAdhyayayananA talasparzI saMzodhanAtmaka abhyAsa mATe A sarva kAMI joI levA vinaMtI che. uparAMta juo ke.Ara.normanaH uttarAdhyayana adhyayano 8 Mahavira and His Teachings, muMbaI pR.9.19), 4 (paM. kailAzacaMdra abhinaMdanagraMtha, rIvA 1980, pR.564-572), 14 (pa. dalasukha mAlavaNIA abhinaMdana graMtha 1986?), 1 (Deleu Feli Vol- Tokiyo 1993, pR.375-394), meDama keyA = uttarAdhyayana 5 (7h World Skt. Conf, 1987, pR.81-95). uttarAdhyayana 11 (bole IT.1988, pR.145-162). 34. Ama, brAhmaNa graMtho ane jaina graMthomAMthI samAMtara jatAM vidhAno ekaThAM karI zakAya, dA.ta. Avazyaka niryukti 100nA ravADe caMdrAbAvAdI bhArassa bhAgI na huM caMdaNassa, evaM khu nANI...na hu soggaie yathA kharazcaMdana bhAravAhI bhArasya vettA na tu caMdanasya, evaM hi zAstrANi bahUnyadhItya cArtheSu mUThA: ravavaMti, suzrutasaMhitA 4.4, sarakhAvo uttarAdhyayana 12.15: tulya mo, mAravA nA marda nAkheda dina veNa ..ane nirukta 1.18..ane anuyogadvAra 27-naMti - homa - nakha - - % - namokSA...sarakhAvo pAzupatasUtra 1.8 ..TuMDuMche naHIR O+3pahAra... 35. siMdhunadInA vistAra mATe "hiMdustAna" ane tyAMnA loko mATe "hiMdu" jevA zabdo mULe phArasI bhASAmAMthI pracalita thayA. tevA zabdo saMskRta bhASAmAM to lagabhaga 18mI sadI pachI praveza pAmyA. dA.ta. merutaMtranA lagabhaga 18mI sadI) 23 mA prakaraNamAM - "pArasya" (pArasI/phArasI), "phiTiMga" (phiraMgI/porTugIjha) ane "Ija" (aMgreja; vaLI juo-"laMDraja' laMDana zahe2) jevI sattAo sAthe "hiMdu" zabdanI vyutpatti sAMkaLI lIdhI che, 36. A mATe juo upara pAdaTi. naM.25. vaLI AnI sAthe sAthe zastrapariNAnA custa himAyatI ane pracAraka anuyAyI vidvAno , (brAhmaNo ?) viruddha paNa eka prakArano aNagamo vyakta thoM gayoH (1) zvetAMbara paraMparA jaNAve che ke mahAvIranA nirvANa pachI, 12 varSe (digaMbara paraMparA mujaba 20 varSe) mahAvIranA prathama ziSya gautamanuM nirvANa thayuM (jo ke mahAvIra-nirvANa pachI 20 varSe mahAvIranA anya ziSya sudharmAnuM nirvANa thayuM chatAM zvetAMbaro to gautamane nahIM, paNa sudharmAne jaina saMghano uparI mAne che.) tethI jaina paraMparA sudharmAthI cAlu rahI. rUDhicusta paraMparAnA (sthaviralpI ?) digaMbaro ema mAne che ke jaina paraMparA gautamathI cAlu rahI ! brAhmaNakuLanA gautama niHzaMka mahAvIranI (zastraparijJAnI) vicAradhArAnA custa himAyatI (sthavirakalpI ?) rahyA haze. zvetAMbaro (jinakalpI ?) "sudhArAvAdI" (riphormisTa) rahyA hatA. (2) jaina bhikSusaMdhamAM (I.sa. pUrva 3jI sadI) bhadrabAhu (sthavirakalpI) ane sthUlabhadra (jinakalpI) vacce cAlyA AvatA paraMparAgata vivAdomAM bhAvi zvetAMbara-digaMbara jevA be bhinna matonA saMketa maLe che. luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 43 na uttarAkha 12-15 : 1mu ITdha girALa siNe nA jhoha 151 veNa

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saMdarbha-graMtha sUci noMdhaH phakta mukhya saMdarbha-graMthI ja A sUcimAM AvarI lIdhA che. temanI mAhitI paNa saMkSepamAM samAvI che. (1) aMgrejI saMta-ciH ABORI ALB ANIS ASS B IU (zvetAMbaro sthUlabhadranI tarapheNamAM ane digaMbaro bhadrabAhunI tarapheNamAM rahyA che. vaLI vidvAna brAhmaNa bhadrabhAi maurya vaMzanA prathama caMdraguptanA samakAlIna kadAca pakSapArI-natA, sthUlabhadra chellA naMda rAjanA koI eka kSatriya (?) pradhAnanA putra hatA. caMdragupte chellA naMda zAne harAvyo hato). vistAra mATe juo loyamAnanuM yuberiyA". pAnuM 29, ane zUIMga skrU 29 (3) brAhmaNakuLanAM devAnaMdA ane RSabhadeva mahAvIranAM mAtApitA chatAM (bhagavatI 9.33), pA otAMbara jaina paraMparA mujaba tIrthaMkaro kSatriya kuTuMbamAM ja janma le che. prAmA kabamAM nahIM. tethI devoe ri negamata dvArA mahAvIrano garbha devAnaMdAnA udaramAMthI thaI triyANI trizalAnA udaramAM mukAvyo (=gamAMtaraNa). AvA gahiraNa ane hari-negamesinA prasaMgone digaMbara paraMparAmAM koI paNa sthAna ApyuM nathI. mahAvIre to devAnaMdAne potAnI sagI mA tarIke svIkAra paNa kyA~ che !...digaMbara paraMparA ema mAne che ke sarve jaina Agamo ''lupta" thayA che, ane hAla maLI AvatA gotAMbara Agamo maulika rahyA nathI. IT JAOS LR JOI KL. Sch MB RKSS SBE UP. ZDMG AcAra : Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona. 1: The Adyar Library Bulletin, Madris (='brahmavidyA') : Alt- und Neu- Indische Studien....Seminar f.Kult. u.Geschichte Indiens. Uni. Hamburg. : Anandasrama Sanskrit Series, Poona. : Chintaman Dikshit's edition. : Indo-Iranian Journal, Holland, : Indologica Taurinensis, Torino (Italy). : Journal of the American Oriental Society, USA : Journal of Indian Philosophy, Holland. : Journal of the Oriental Institure, Baroda. ZII (2) mukhya saMdarbha-graMtho : saMketa sUci anuyogadvAra : 44 ] : Kleine Schriften, Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaben. 10 Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. : Sri Rsabhadevaji Kesarimalaji Svetambara Samstha, Ratlam. The Sacred Books of the East Series (ed. F. Max Miller, Oxford). Reprint: MB. : =Upanisads. : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Wiesbaden. : Zeitschrift fur Indologie and Iranistik Reinbek (Germany). AcAra-murti AcAra-niyukti AcAra-zIlAMka ApAMba-dharmasUtra Aryadeva Aso, A AdorDa-ityiparinnA : Nandi...and Anuogaddara..., ed. muni Punyavijayaji, Pt. D. Malvaniya, Pt. A. M. Bhojak. Jaina Agama Series 1. Bombay, 1968. Acara..., ed. muni Jambuvijayaji. Jaina Agama Series 2.1. Bombay 1977. (Our references are from this Edition.) Acara-Curni, ed. RKSS 1941. : : juo ''zIlA', ' : juo '"zIlAMka', Apastamba-Dharmasutra, ed. G.Buhler. Bombay Sanskrit Series 44,50. Poona, 1932. juo ''gata zataka'' : 10 L. Alsdorf: The Arya Stanzas of the Uttarajjhaya. Akad. Wiss. Lit. 2, 1966, pp. 153-220. Mainz. : L. Alsdorf Itthipazinna. III 2,1958, pp.249-270. K.Sch. 1974, pp. 193-214. [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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AlsaTorka 1961 AvazyakacUrNi BALL9245- : : : uttarAdhyayana upa. : : : : udAnavarga Rgvada aitareya-brAhmaNa orTala aupapAtika : : L. Alsdorf: Beitrage zur Geschichte ... Vegetarismus ... in Indien. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz, 1961. Avasyaka-Curni. Curni on mostly the Avasyaka-Niryukti. RKSS, 1928. Avasyaka-Niryukti with the Avasyaka-Sutra and Haribhadra's comm. Agamodaya Samiti, Bombay, 1961-17. The Uttaradhyayana-sutra, ed. with notes, etc. J. Charpentier, Uppsala, 1922. upaniSado. juoH (3) upaniSado = saMketa-sUci. Udanavarga, ed. F. Bernhard, Vol.1, Goffingen, 1965 Rgveda, ed. Th. Aufrecht. Wiesbaden, 1955. Aitareya-Brahmana, ed. ASS. 32, 1930-31. Jaiminiya-Up-Brahmana, ed. with notes, etc. H. Oertel JAOS, 16., pp.79-260. Das Aupapatika Sutra, with notes, etc. Ernst Leumann Abhandl. Kund. Morgenl. 8.2, Leipzig 1883. Reprint 1966. C.Caillat: Ardhamagadhi aya-danda., Bull.d'Et.Ind. 78, Paris 1989-90, pp.17-45. juo "samayasara", "pravacanasAra" Kausitaki-brahmana-Up....with notes, etc. E,B.Cowell. Bibli. Indi. Calcutta, 1861. The Bhagavadgita, ...with notes, etc. R.C.Zaehner. The Clarenden Press, Oxford, 1972. Gautama-Dharamsutra, ed. U.C.Pandey. The Kashi Skt. Series 172, Banaras, 1966. H. von Glasenapp: Die Lehre vom Karman in der Phil. der Jainas. Leipzig, 1915. A.M.Ghatage: A Few Parallels in Jaina and Buddhist works. ABORT 17.4, 1935, pp. 340 kayA kovela : gItA ' gautama-dharmasUtra : : : : glAsenakha ghaTage 350. catu:zataka jAtakakathA jaiminIya-brAhmaNa taittirIya-AraNyaka taittirIya-brAhmaNa thIme-1 thIme-2 dazavaikAlika . dazavaikAlika-niryukti dIkSita dIghanikAya dhammapada, nAkAmurA-1 nAkAmurA-2 : Catuh-sataka of Aryadeva, ed. Pt. Vidhushekhar Bhattacharya, Calcutta, 1931. : The Jatakas with comm., ed. V.Fausboll, London, 1877-97. : Jaiminiya-Brahmana, ed. Sarasvati Vihara Series 31, Nagpur, 1954. : Taittiriya-Aranyaka,ed. ASS 36, 1926-27. : Taittiriya-Brahmana, ed. ASS 37, 1934-38. : P. Thieme: Der Weg ...der Kausitaki-Up....with notes, etc. : P. Thieme: Isopanisad with notes, etc. JAOS 85, 1965, pp. 89-99. Ki.sch. 1971, pp.228-238. : Dasavaikalika, ed. w. Schubring, with notes, etc. The Managers: Sheth Anandji Kalianji, Ahmedabad 1932. Ki.sch.1977, pp.li-248. : Dasavaikalika and Niryukti with Haribhadra's comm. Dev.Lal. Jaina Pustakoddhara Fund No.47, Bombay 1918. Also: Ernst Leumann, ZDMG 46, 1892, pp.581-663. K. K. Dixit : Early Jainsim. L.D.Series 64, Ahmedabad, 1978. Digha-nikaya, ed. N.K.Bhagwat, Bombay, 1936. : Dhammapada, ed. S.Radhakrishnana, Madras, 1966. : Hajime Nakamura: Genshi Bukkyo no. Seiritsu, Tokyo, 1969. : Hajime Nakamuar: Common Elements in Early Jain and Buddhist Literature. IT 1983, pp. 303-330. : The Nirukta (of Yaska), ed. Hannes Skold, Leipzig, 1926. : One Hundred and Eight Up., ed. Wasudev Laxman Shastri Pansikar. Nirnay Sagar Press, Bombay, 1932. : Nisitha with Bhasya...vols.1-4. The Agama Sahitya Ratnamala 3-6. Sanmati Jnanapitha, Agra, - 1957-60. : Pasupata-sutra, ed. Trivandrum Skt. Series 143, Trivandrum, 1941. R.Pischel: Gramm. der Pkt.-Sprachen, Strassburg 1890. Eng. Tr.: S.Jha, Comparative Gramm. of the Pkt. Languages, MB 2nd ed. 1965. nirukta nirNayasAgara - nizItha-bhASya pAzupatasUtra pizela luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [ 45

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pravacanasAra phAuvAbara buIranana bole-1 bole-2 blotalizka-1 LyotiliMgTa-2 brahmacarya" brahmasUtra bhagavatI bhaTTa-1978 bhaTTa-1987 bhaTTa-1987-88 bhaTTa-1989 bhaTTa-1993 bhaTTa-1995 manusmRti mahAbhArata mahAbhASya Pravacanasara of Kundakunda, ed. with notes, etc. A.N. Upadhye. Sivaraj Jaina Granthamala 5, Sholapur, 1964, Erich Frauwallner: Geschichte der Ind. phil. Vol.1, Salburg, 1953. : The Maitrayaniya-Up. ed. with notes, etc. J.A.B.Buitenen. The Hague, 1962. : W.B.Bollee: Studien zum Suyagada vol.l. Sud-asiaen-Inst.Uni. Heidelberg 24, 1977. :: W.B.Bollee: Studien zum suyagada Vol.2. Sud-asien-Inst. Uni. Heidelberg 31, 1988. : Behadaranyaka-Up. ed. O.Bohtlingk. St. Petesburg, 1889. : Chandogya-Up. ed. O. Bohtlingk, Leipzig, 1889. : AcAra-baMbhacera, = AcAra I. Brahmasutra with Sankara's comm. ed. A.K.Sastri. Bombay, 1938. Bhagavati with Abhayadeva's comm. Agamodaya Samiti 12-14 Bombay, 1918-21. : B.Bhatt : The Canonical Niksepa...E.J.Brill, Leiden 1978. Ind.Ed. Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, Delhi, 1991. : B. Bhatt : Mahaparinna. The Lost Ch. in the Acara. 32nd AIOC, Proceedings BORI, Poona 1987, pp.353-357. B. Bhatt : Acara-Culas and -Niryukti: Studies 1. IT 1987-88, pp.95-116. : B. Bhatt : The Concept of Self and Liberation in Early Jaina Agamas, in: Self and Consc. Indian Interpretation. Centre for Ind. and Inter-rel. Studies, Rome 1989, pp. 132-172. B. Bhatt: Acara-Culas and -Niryukti:Studies 2 (Maha. Biog.) Jaina Studies in Honour of !.. Deleu, Tolyo, 1993, pp.85-121. : B.Bhatt: The Idea of Ahimsa...B.J.Res. Inst. Ahmedabad, 1995. : Manusmrti, ed. V. S. Pansikar, Bombay, 1933. : Mahabharata, critical ed. V.S.Sukthankar, Poona, 1933-40. : Mahabhasya of Patanjali on Panini's Astadhyayi, ed. F. Kielhorn. Reprint: Osnabruck 1970. Ind.Ed. K.V.Abhyankar, Poona, 1962-65. Mahavastu, ed. E.Senart, Tokyo 1977: Reprint. : Pt. D. Malvaniya: Beginnings of Jain Phil. in the Acara... Stud.zum Jainismus u.Buddhismus. ANTS 23, 1981, pp. 151-153. : Mandukya-Up.: Karika, ed. T.E.Wood. Honolulu, 1990. : Mulacara of Vattakera with comm. ed. Manik. Dig. Jaina Granthamala 18,23. Bombay 1980. : Merutantra, ed. Laxmi-Venkateshvara Press, Bombay, 1908 : H.Jacobi: Acara and Kalpasutra, SBE 22, 1884. Reprint: MB 1964, Dover Publ. New York, 1968 H.Jacobi: Sutraksta and Uttaradhyayana, SBE 45, 1895. Reprint: MB 1964, Dover Publ. New York, 1968. M. Yajima: A Note on Ayaranga...I.2.6.3. Sambodhi 9,1-4, L.D.Inst., Ahmedabad 1980-81, pp.69-75. juo "nirukta". ubersicht uber die Avasyaka Lit. by E. Leumann, ed. W. Schubring. ANIS 4, 1934. : Yogasutra of Patanjali with Vyasa's comm. ed. B.D.Basu Sacred Books of the Hindus 4, Allahabad 1912. Reprint: AMS, New York, 1974. The Twelve Principal Up. Vols. 1-3, ed. E.Roer. ALB 1931-32. Ernst Leumann: Beziehugen der Jaina-Lit. zu anderen Lit.-Kreisen Indiens. Orientalisten Congress 6, Leiden, 1883. ': juo "mUlAcAra" : M.Witzel: Tracing the Vedic Dialects. Publ.De L'Inst.Civil. Ind. 8.55, Paris 1989, pp.97-265. : Visnudharmottara-Purana, ed. Bombay, 1969. mahAvatuM mAlavaNIA mAMDUkya-upakArikA mUlAcAra merutaMtra yAkobI-221 vAkobI-45 yAjImAM vAska yuberasiddha yogasUtra * ubers roera laoNyamAna vila viSNudharmottarapurANa ( 46 ] ? ( [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995 Bir R. Morton Smith, The Early Hevasis in the Development 4 Indian Re n , Jr. .. ?+, et 14 -194,

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velera-1986 velera-1987 velara vyAsa(bhASya) zatapathabrAhmaNa zastraparijJA zArapenTIara zAstrI-1 zAstrI-2 zAMkara-bhAga zAkhAna-gRhyasUtra zIlAMka zUjhIMga zbIMga-AcAra zubraganvo.ma. mi hAusena zrADara zrADara-upa samayasAra samavAya saMyuttanikAya sAmaveda suttanipAta suzrutasaMhitA sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRtAMgacUrti ' sUtrakRtAMga-niryukti selomana : A.Wezler: Cattle, Field and Barley. ALB 50, 1968, pp.431-477. : A.Wezler: on the Term antah-sarjna. ABORT 1987, pp.111-131. F.Weller: Versuch einer Kritik der Kathopanisad. Berlin, 1953. : juo "yogasUtra". : Satapatha-Brahmana, ed. W.Caland, Delhi 1983 (Kanva), 1989 (Madhyandini). [: AcAra Io. : juo "uttarAdhyayana". : Pt. A. Mahadev Sastri, ed. The Yoga Ups. ALB, 1920. : Pt. A. Mahadev Sastri, ed. The Samanya Ups. ALB, 1921. : juo "brahmasUtra". * Sankhayana-Gshyasutra, ed. S.R.Sehgal, Delhi, 1960. Acara, Sutrakrta, Acara-Niryukti, Sutraksta-Niryukti together with Skt.-prose comm. by Silanka, ed. muni Jambuvijayaji, MB, 1978. : W.Schubring: Lehre d.Jainas ...Eng.Tr.: The Doctrines of the Jainas...by W.Beurlen. MB, 1962. : Acaranga I, criti. ed. by W. Schubring. Abhand. Kunde. Morgen. 12.4, Leipzig 1910. Reprint:Nandeln, 1966. : W. Schubring: Worte Mahaviras. Quelle der Religi-gesch. 14.7.ix, Gottingen 1926. : L. Schmithausen: The Problems of Sentience of Plants in Earliest Busshism. Stud. Phil. Buddh. Monog. Series 6, Tokyo, 1991. : F. O. Schrader: uber den Stand der Ind. Phil. zur Zeit Mahaviras and Buddhas. Strassburg, 1902. F. O. Schrader, ed. Minor Ups. ALB 1012. Samayasara of Kundakunda, ed. Chakravarti A., Bharatiya Jnanapitha, Delhi, 1971. Samavaya with Abhayadeva's comm., Ahmedabad, 1938. Samyutta-nikaya, ed. Pali Text Society, London, 1960. : Samaveda, ed. Th. Benfey, Leipzig 1848. Reprint, 1969. : Sutta-nipata, ed. The Sacred Books of the Buddhists 15, London, 1947. Susruta-samhita, ed. Kaviraj Ambikadutta, Varanasi, 1959. juo "zIlAMka". Sutraksta-Curni, ed. RKSS, 1941. juo "zIlAMka". : R. Salomon: A Linguistic Analysis of the Mundaka-Up., Wiener Zeitschrift 25, Vienna, 1981, pp.91-105. : juo "Avazyaka-niryukti", Betty Heimann: Varuna-Rta-Karma. Betrag. zur Lit.-wiss. and Geist.-gesch. Indi., Bonn, 1926, pp.201-214, : R. Hauschild: ed. Die Svetasvatara-Up. with notes, etc. Abhand. F. d. Kunde. Morgen. 173. Kraus Reprint, Nandeln, 1966. : E. Hanefeld: Philosophische Haupttexte der alt.-Up. Wiesbaden, 1976. : Mundaka-Up., ed. J.Hertel with notes, etc., Leipzig, 1924. : J. C. Heesterman: Non-violence and Sacrifice. IT 12, 1984, pp. 119-127. : J. C. Heesterman: The Return of the Veda-Scholar (Samavartana). E. B. J. Kuniper Fel. Vol., The Hague, 1968, pp. 436-447. P. Horsch: Buddhismus and Upanisaden. F. B. J. Kuiper Fel. Vol. The Hague 1968, pp. 462 477. : R. E. Hume: The Thirteen Principal Ups., Oxford Uni. Press, Oxford, 1962. haribhadra hAImAna * hAuziSTa hAnela herTela hearamAna hasTaramAna-(samAvartana) horza hyuma luptaprAya AdikAlIna jaina tattvajJAnanA gUDha saMketo ] [47 .

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(3) upaniSado = saMketasUci. Iza= * AruNika aitareya= kaTha= kauzItaki= kaupItaki brAhmaNanuM kurikAgarbha= chAMdogya= jAbAlaka jaiminIya upa-brAhmANa= tejobiMduka taittirIyanAradaparivrAjaka= juo. "thIme-2". juo "zrADara-upa". juo "roera". juo "belara". juo "roera". juo "thIme-1". juo "kovela". juo "nirNayasAgara". juo "zAstrI-2". juo 'LyotaliMgTa-2". juo "zrADara-upa". juo "orTela". juo "zAstrI-1". juo "roera". juo "zrADara-upa". paramahaMsaka paramahaMsapavriAjakaH prazna= bRhadAraNyaka= bhikSuka= mahA= muMDakaH maitrAyaNika yogazikhA= varAhaka zAyAyanIyana zvetAzvatarasarvasAra saMnyAsaka juo "zrADara-upa". juo "zrADara-upa". juo "roera". juo "blotalizka-1". juo "zrADara-upa". juo "nirNayasAgara". juo "hoTaeNla". juo "buITenana". juo "nirNayasAgara". juo "nirNayasAgara". juo "zrADara-upa" juo "ghauzilTa". juo "zAstrI-2". juo "CD". 48 ] ( [ sAmIpya : eprila, '95-jUna, 1995

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Addenda* rAdhyate (5.7 pachI - sarakhAvo : manusmRti, 6.57). ... sarakhAvI zakAya pachI - (vaLI sarakhAvo : bauddha pAribhASika "dharma" zabda : AcAra I 1.5.45). ... noMdha pR. 97 pachI - tathA morTana - smitha, pAnuM 160, noMdha 8). te ja artha-pachI-mAM Arya zabda... .. paryAyavAcI pachI - ke samAna paNa bhinna varga tarIke. (juo upara) pachI - brAhmaNa ane zramaNamAM lAkSaNika samAnatA che, jema ke brAhmaNa = vipramAM vim dhAtu upathI te kalpI zakAya che evuM keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAno mAne che. ... Rgvada pachI - sUktonA..Ape che pachI - (juo aitareya brAhmaNa 5.2 % 1 vIkhi vInaM.). 6.8 sakkeva devAhivaI 6.18 vaLeluM vI naMganAdu meTuM.. .pA. TI. 3ra mAM chelle - vaLI juo yAkobI-45 (pAnuM 418) ane zrADara (pAnuM 41 tathA noMdha 1). (pA. TI. 36) sUlabhadra vAMco sthUlabhadra merataMtra' pachI umero - Miert le : R. Morton Smith: The Early Heresies in the Development of Indian Religion, I. T. 2, 1994, pp. 149-198 * ahIM darzAvela umerA pustaka chapAyA pachI lekhaka taraphathI maLyA hovAthI alaga rajU karyA che.