Tattvartha Sutra

Author(s): Umaswati, Umaswami, Manu Doshi
Publisher: Shrutratnakar Ahmedabad

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TATTVÄRTHA SUTRA
(Intellect, memory, recognition, reasoning and deduction are the synonyms of Matijnän. Sensory knowledge arises by exercising the senses and the mind. It arises in four stages of apprehension, faint perception, comprehension and imprint.)
These sutras relate to Matijnän, how it develops, its synonyms, divisions, subdivisions, etc. Intellect, memory, recognition, reasoning and deduction are its synonyms. It arises in four stages of Avagrah (apprehension), Ihä (faint perception), Aväy (comprehension) and Dhäranä (imprint). When a person comes to know merely about the existence of something, it is termed as Avagrah. When he gets some idea about it, but is not able to identify clearly, e.g. when he comes around something, which is round and long, but does not make out whether it is a rope or a snake, it is termed as Ihä. When he makes out that it is a rope and not a snake, it is termed as Aväy. Thereafter one may retain the impression of the object even when it is not in his presence. Such lasting impression is termed as Dhäranä. These four stages can be divided in many categories. For instance, knowledge can be gained by exercising the senses of touch, taste, smell, sight and sound or by exercising the faculty of mind. Since those six organs can be involved in gaining knowledge, we can multiply those six with the foregoing four stages and get twenty-four ways in which knowledge can arise.
बहुबहुविधक्षिप्रानिश्रितासन्दिग्धध्रुवाणां सेतराणाम् ॥१-१६॥
1.16: Bahubahuvidhkshipränishritäsandigdhadhruvänäm Setaränäm
(Sensony knowledge can be of many types or of a few