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108
TATTVÄRTHA SUTRA
The sentient involvement can be of 108 types. For instance, every activity involves three stages. Before undertaking an activity, one conceives of the idea. That is the first stage called Sarambh. After conceiving of the activity one would make necessary arrangements for the purpose. That is the second stage known as Samärambh. Thereafter one becomes actually involved in that activity. That is the third stage known as Ärambh. In all of these three stages, body, speech and mind are involved. As such, the activity can be said as being undertaken in nine ways. These ways can be resorted to by oneself or through someone else or by encouraging someone else to do it. Multiplying those nine ways by these three modes works out to 27 ways. Since the Sämparäyik activities can be undertaken with the sense of anger, arrogance, deceit and greed, those 27 ways stand to be multiplied by those four modes. That works out to 108 ways of sentient involvement.
Insentient involvement can be of four types. The first is Nivartan, which denotes the use of tangible means. Two types of such means can be involved in an activity. One is the body, which is invariably involved in any activity. Since there are five types of bodies as mentioned in chapter 2, such involvement is considered of those five types. The other pertains to the means, which are used for the purpose. For instance, a person getting angry may use a stick for giving vent to his anger; or one intending to produce something may use a machine or other device. The stick, the machine and the device constitute the means in such cases. There can thus be innumerable means for undertaking activities.
The remaining three types of insentient involvement
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