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TATTVÄRTHA SUTRA
Sutra 22 specifies becoming, changing, moving and concepts of before and after as the functions of time. Becoming, changing and moving are actually the activities of Jeev and Pudgal, but the time when such situations occur is of significance. Time is thus a vital factor for any activity. Similarly the concepts, 'before and after' would not arise in absence of time. Time being instrumental in those activities, they are termed here as the functions or Upakärs of time.
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स्पर्शरसगंधवर्णवन्तः पुद्गलाः ॥५- २३॥
शब्दबन्धसौक्ष्म्यस्थौल्यसंस्थानभेदतमश्छायातपोद्योतवन्तश्च ॥५- २४॥
5.23: Sparsharasgandhvarnavantah Pudgaläh 5.24: Shabdabandhsaukshmyasthaulyasansthänb
hedtamashchhäyätapodyotvantashcha
(Touch, taste, odor and color as well as sound, binding, subtlety, grossness, aggregation, division, darkness, shadow, light and glow are the properties of Pudgal.)
Touches are of eight types, hard or soft, heavy or light, hot or cold and viscous or dry. Every Pudgal has four of them. But Paramänu has only two, hot or cold and viscous or dry. Paramänu cannot be heavy or light, nor can it be hard or soft. Tastes are of five types, bitter, pungent, astringent, sour and sweet. Every Pudgal has one of them or a combination of some of them. As regards odor, every Pudgal would either have pleasant or unpleasant odor. Colors are of seven types ranging from violet to red, but Jainism mentions them as five, viz. black, green, red, yellow and white. Every Pudgal has one or a combination of two or more of them.
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