Tattvartha Sutra

Author(s): Umaswati, Umaswami, Manu Doshi
Publisher: Shrutratnakar Ahmedabad

Page 86

72
paräjiteshu Sarvärthasiddhe Cha
(Certain Vaimänik beings belong to Kalpa group and the rest to Kalpäteet. Their realms are situated one over another. Kalpa group consists of Saudharma, Aishän, Sänat, Mähendra, Brahmalok, Läntak, Mahäshukra, Sahasrär, Änat, Pränat, Äran and Achyut; Kalpäteet consists of nine Graiveyaks and of Vijay, Vaijayant, Jayant, Aparäjit and Sarvärthasiddhi.)
TATTVÄRTHA SUTRA
These sutras deal with the Vaimanik group, which denotes the realms of planes. They lie above one another over the middle world. As such, they really constitute the upper realm termed as Urdhvalok. This group thus pertains to the heavenly realms in the sense the ordinary people understand that term.
Shwetämbars and Digambars have different concepts about the number of realms for the Kalpa group. The former believe in 12 realms known as Saudharma, Aishän, Sänat, Mähendra, Brahmalok, Läntak, Mahäshukra, Sahasrär, Änat, Pränat, Äran and Achyut. The latter believe in 16 realms and term the additional ones as Brahmottar, Käpishtha, Shukra and Shatär. The realms in this group do not necessarily rest vertically one over another; some of them are parallel to one another. For instance, Saudharma and Aishän lie on the same horizontal plane facing each other.
Above the Kalpa group there are nine realms of Graiveyak group. The term is derived from Greevä meaning neck, because they lie at the neck level of the universe (refer to figure 1). Above the Graiveyak level there are five realms of Anuttar group named as Vijay, Vaijayant, Jayant, Aparäjit and Sarvärthasiddhi. These two groups are called Kalpäteet