Tattvartha Sutra

Author(s): Umaswati, Umaswami, Manu Doshi
Publisher: Shrutratnakar Ahmedabad

Page 58

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TATTVÄRTHA SUTRA
plavuti LEGT4 117-3€ 11 2.32: Sammoorchhangarbhopapätä Janma
2.33: Sachittashitsamvrutäh Setarä Mishräshchaikashastadyonayah
2.34: Jaräyvandapotajànäm Garbhah 2.35: Närakdevänämupapätah 2.36: Sheshänäm Sammoorchhanam
(Birth takes place in three ways, by agglutination, pregnancy and spontaneous emergence. The places of their origin can be of nine types, viz. sentient, cool, covered, insentient, warm, uncovered, partly sentient, partly warm or cool and partly covered. Those born of pregnancy are umbilical, hatched or non-umbilical. Birth of infernal and heavenly beings occurs by spontaneous emergence. The rest are born of agglutination)
These sutras describe three types of birth as resulting from I) pregnancy, ii) spontaneous emergence and iii) agglutination. The first category is termed as Garbhajanya, the second as Upapätajanya and the third as Sammoorchchhim. Those born with umbilical cords like human beings and other mammals, those born without the umbilical cord like invertebrates and those turning out of eggs like most of the birds are termed as Garbhaj; all the heavenly and infernal beings are Aupapätik and all others are Sammoorchchhim. The last one is an exclusively Jain concept. It denotes the birth, where a soul absorbs the material particles lying on the spot and converts them into the agglutinated body.