________________
१३५
Happiness, holiness and stability should prevail in all individual life, social life, national life and universal life.
So far as the function of religion is concerned, Ācārya Tulasi has said it changes the mind, life and heart of a man."
Non-Violence The term 'Non-Violence' is a combination of two words 'Non and 'Violence'. Thus it means absence of violence or negation of violence. It is the negative form of Non-Violence. Now the question arises - what is the violence which is negated in the negative form of non-violence. In Jainism, violence has been defined as that activity in which movement of the living power (Prāņa) is destroyed due to distraction, killing, torturing, disturbing etc. These are categories of violence. In other words, immoral irreligious and unsocial activities are considered as violence. But nonviolence cannot be known in its negative form only. It has also its positive form which is constituted by help, charity, benevolence, gratitude, forgiveness etc. In this form affirmation may be seen. The affirmation
religious, moral and social activities is classed as non-violence.
Violence or non-violence may be seen in idea which is abstract as well as in substance or matter. The abstract idea of violence or non-violence is the internal form while the material form of violence or non-violence is the external form. Thinking to kill or to save from killing is the internal form and to kill some body or to save some body when he is in a position to be killed is the external form. But violence or non-violence is mainly mental or psychological. There are very famous examples of a farmer and a fisherman. A farmer is never considered a killer or violence doer (Himisaka), though so many insects are killed by his ploughing activity because his aim is not to kill some insect but to get sufficient corn for his family and society for the cause of their pleasant life. On the other hand, a fisherman is treated as a violence-doer though, by chance during the whole day he may not catch a single fish and return to his residence empty, This is because his aim is to catch as many fishes as he can. He is suffering from mental violence,
According to Jainism, violence and non-violence may be done through three karanas and three yogas.
