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१४७
Kindness (Dayā)
The Hindi word ‘Dayā' has different synonyms as 'Anukampā' (Compassion), Karuņā (Mercy) etc. Ācāarya Hemacandra has defined Karuņā in the following words -
Dinesvārthesu bhītesu yacamānesu jivitam!
Pratikāraparā būddhiti kārunyabhedhiyate 11201116 . The feeling for saving a person from his trouble, who is either poor or suffering from pains or fearful or begging for the safety of his life, is Karunā. Karunā or Dayā has been divided into four kindsDravya Dayā, Bhāva Dayā, Sva Dayā and Para Dayā
1. Dravya Dayā - As it has been discussed in Acārangasūtra, Sūtrakstāngasūtra, Uttarādhyanasūtra etc., no being desires to suffer any sort of pain either mental or verbal or bodily. A wiseman, having treated all souls like his own soul, never troubles anybody, rather he always tries to save others from different sufferings of the world. This is Dravya Dayā. If somebody tortures some being for the sake of his ownself, his family or society, his nation, he pushes himself down from the path of Dravyadayā.
2. Bhāva Dayā - There are two types of happiness - (i) Material happiness (Paudgalika sukha) and (ii) Spiritual happiness or Happiness concerning soul (Ātmika sukha). The material happiness is momentary while the spiritual happiness is eternal. The developed being endures to have spiritual happiness, which is obtained through the enhancement of internal qualities of soul. Therefore to pave path for the betterment of spiritual qualities is Bhāvadayā. It has been said -
"Atmaguna aviradhanā bhāvadaya bhandāra” The Bhāvadayā is restored in the development of spiritual characteristics.
3. Sva Dayā (Kindness towards ownself) - To be kind to one's own self is Svadayā. Often a man indulges himself in different material and worldly activities which cause bondage and sufferings. But when he tries, by practising penance, to get himself free from worldly sufferings, he obtains liberation. In this way he becomes kind to his own self, because kindness is to help somebeing when he is in some trouble.
