Prakrta Grammar

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy

Page 42

The king salutes God.
In this sentence the doer of the action of salutation is the king and this has been said about the king that he salutes God. So the king is the Subject and it is therefore put in the Nominative Case. Thus when the sentence is expressed in Active Voice, the Subject is put in the Nominative Case.
In Passive Voice, the Object (of the Transitive Verb) in the Active Voice is put in the Nominative Case. Māyāe/Māyāi/ Māyāa kahā suņijjai/suņiai/ etc. Story is heard by mother.
Here kaha (story) is put in the Nominative Case. The Active Voice of this sentence is:
Maya kaham sunai/sunae/sunadi/ etc.
Mother hears the story.
Agreement of the Verb with the Subject:
(2)
1.
The Verb will agree with the Subject in Number and Person.
(a) If the Subject is of the Third Person Singular/ Plural Number, the Verb will also be of the Third Person Singular/Plural Number; e.g., Rāmo jhāai.
Rāma meditates.
In
this sentence the Subject (Rama) occurs in the Third Person Singular, so the Verb (Jhaai-meditates) used is of the Third Person Singular Number.
Prākṛta-Grammar
(29)