Prakrta Grammar

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy

Page 52

Instrumental Case
That which is helpful in the performance of an action is put in Instrumental Case. (i) Rāmo bāņeņa Rāvaņas mārai/mārae/ etc.
Rāma kills Rāvana by means of an arrow. Putto jaleņa vattham pacchālai etc.
The son washes cloth by means of water. In Passive Voice and Impersonal form the Subject is placed in the Instrumental Case. (i) Narindo kahaṁ suņai/ etc. (Active Voice).
The king hears the story. Narindeņa/Narindeņam kahā suņijjai/ suņiai/etc. (Passive Voice).
The story is heard by the king. (ii) Narindo hasai/ etc. (Active Voice).
The king laughs. Narindena/Narindeņam hasijjai/ etc. The king laughs. (Impersonal form)
There is no Impersonal form in English. 3 Words indicating cause/reason are expressed in
Instrumental Case; e.g., (i). So avarāheņa lukkai/ etc.
He hides himself because of crime. (ii) Tumam ujjameņa dhaņas labhasi/ etc.
You earn wealth because of effort. (iii) Vijjāa/vijjāi/vijjāe paitthā hoi/ etc.
Fame is due to knowledge.
Prākrta-Grammar
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