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PAUMACARIU
63
all their me Index Verborumt of kalem) as showsuhi is not found)
is a regular term(ination) of the Ins. sg. in Ap., though it was originally of the Loc. sg."
Now these views are not borne out by facts. Ins. sing. forms in -į are not found in MP. as also in our text. From just three instances of such forms from the Jasaharacariu Tagare generalizes that i was well-established as an Ins. sing. termination in the Southern Apa. of the 10th Cent. But even these three forms loose all their meagre evidential value on examination. kāli is found as kālim in the index Verborum to the Hist. Gram. of Apa. and actually it is kālim (i.e. the variant of kalem) as shown by the metre of Jasaharacariu 2 15. The second form in -i, viz., suhi is not found in the Index, but the latter quotes suha (equated with śrrā 'a dog') from Jasaharacariu 2 35 10, and if we consult the original passage' we find that the actual word is surahu and not suhu. The remaining third form dañsani is correctly quoted, but it occurs in a passage which is plainly a fourteenth century interpolation in the Jasaharacariu. This is one out of many instances of the uncritical use of the sources on the part of the author of the Hist. Gram. of Apa. which has unfortunately vitiated several of his conclusions.
Thus it still remains to be demonstrated that the works of Puş. padanta contain Instruments in -i and unless this is done, it cannot be accepted that Loc. sing. in short -e was used in an Instrumental sense'. This fact would go against the derivation of -em from -ahim, which otherwise on phonetic grounds also appears unconvincing. Loss of -h-, change of the final nasalization to an Anusvāra and the contraction of -a- and -i into -e- (in the face of their preservation in the neut. pl. termination -aim) which are presupposed by the proposed evolution -ahim into -eñ remain unexplained. Hence the derivation accepted by Bloch and Turner (ena becoming em) is to be preferred. Turner's suggestion that in Ap. -ena, -n- probably represented Anusvāra is unacceptable, because reading the twomoraic -er in place of the three-moraic -ena would spoil the metre.
$65. bhamantaena 1 13 9a, uttinndena 3 8 la, ubbhinndena 3 8 1a, punnaeņa 3 1 2a, samānijjantaena 1 2 12b (all at the end of a Pada) are instances of the enlarged Ins. sing. forms.
$66. For Instrumental forms used for the Locative see the next article.
$67. Short -e (orthographic variant -i) is the only termination of the Loc. sing. -ahim is not found for A stems in PC. Occasionally Ins. forms are used for Loc., e.g. āsaņņem 15 5 8 and especially in Loc. absolute constructions as at 1 2 12b, 3 8 10b, etc. In annehim kiya nivitti annekkahim 3 12 4 'others abstained (piously) from many other thing', annekkahim presents a case of using Ins. for Abl. khira-mahannave khāru bhareppinu 2 5 8 can be rendered as 'having collected milk at the Milky Ocean.
868. -ehim and -ahim are found in Ins. and Loc. pl. -ihim appears as an orthographic variant of -ehim. Of these terminations, -ehim predominates. A comparison of the Mss. indicates that a gradual process of substituting -ahim for -ihim (-ehim) was at work,
(1) hā! Jasaharu rünaü ajju muu, ha! daïva ! käim maim sunahu har (2) Vaidya, 1931, Introduction, 17. (3) It would appear prima facie that in vijau Dasanane ghutthau PC. 10 11 9a.
Dasänane is a Loc. form used in an Ins. sense. But vijau ghutthu amarāhivasähane PC. 8 10 1b ("Victory was proclaimed in the ranks of the Lord of Gods') and several such passages show that this was an idiomatic expression and the form in short -e has a Loc. sense. So also in samā sae 5 13 la samasena 'in short' and kare 6 13 2a, 6 16 8a.
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