Nyayavatara

Author(s): Satish Chandra Vidyabhushan
Publisher: ZZZ Unknown

Page 26

18
NYAYAVATARA.
अन्तातैरव साध्यस्य सिद्धर्बहिरुदाहृतिः। व्यर्था स्यात्तदसद्भावेऽप्येवं न्यायविदो विदुः॥२०॥
20. Logicians maintain that to cite an example from outside is useless, as that which is to be proved (sâdhya) can be proved through internal inseparable connection Santar-vyâpti), even without such example.
Internal inseparable connection (antar-työpti) occurs when the minor term (paksa) itself as the common link of the middle term (hetre) and the major term (sådhya) shows the inseparable connection between them, thus:--
(1) This hill (minor term) is full of fire (major term);
(2) because it is full of smoke (middl Here the inseparable connection between the fire and smoke is shown by the hill (minor term), which is their common ground.
External inseparable connection (hahir-vycipti) occurs when an example (drstânta) from outside is introduced as the common link of the middle terma (het) and the major term (sådhya) to reassure the inseparable connection between tbem, thus :
(1) This hill is full of fire (major term); (2) because it is full of smoke (middle term) ;
(3) just as a kitchen (example). Here the kitchen, which forms no essential part of the inference, is introduced from outside as the common link of the fire and smoke, to reassure the inseparable connection between them (the fire and smoke).
Some logicians (such as Vasubandhu) hold that that which is to be proved, that is, the “proven " or the major term (sádhya), can be established by the internal inseparable connection (antar-vyậpti) alono, so the pointing out of the external inseparable connection (bahir-vypti) is superfluous. It is useless even when there is no internal inseparable