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B. C. LA
terms that signify the comprehensiveness of Jainism The Uttaradhyayada adds austerities as the fourth to the eariter list of the three terms. Knowledge is characterised as right knowledge, faith as right faith, and conduct as right conduct. These three constitute the path to Nirvana or liberation or perfect beatitude.
There are five kinds of knowledge according to the Jains 1) Śruta or that which is derived from the study of sacred booka, (2) Abhınıbodhaka or that which is derived from one's experience, thought or understanding, (3) Avadlı or that which is co-extensive with the object, (4) Manahparyaya-jñāņa or knowledge of the thoughts of others and (5) Kevala or the highest knowledge The Manahparyāyajõāna is defined in the Acāränga-sutra as a knowledge of the thoughts of all sentient beings (11.15.23) The Kevala-Jiana means omniscience enabling a person 10 comprehened all objects 10
The five hinds of conduct are (1) Equanimity, (2) recovery of equanimity after a dosynfall , (3) pure and absolute non-injury, (4) all but entire freedom from passion and (5) ideal and passionless state Right conduct is based on five vows of an ascetic which are as follows (1) not to kıll, (2) not to speak falsehood, (3) not to steal , (4) to observe chastity, (5) to renounce all pleasure in external objects
The right belief is the belief or conviction in things ascertained as they are (cf. Uttarādhyayana sūtra, XX9111 28.29) It is of two kinds (1) belief with attachment having the following signs calmness (prašama), fear of mundane existence in five cycles of wanderings (samvega), substance (dawa) place ( khetta), time (kāla), thought activity ( bhāva) and compassion towards all living beings ( anukampā), and (2) belief without attachment (the purity of the soul itself) The Buddhist idea of faith 18 the same Sammādıtthi suggests an article of faith which consists in the acceptance of the belief that there is such as thing as gift etc (Majjhima, I, 285 #). Right belief, right knowledge, right conduct, and right austerities, are called the ärādhanās
Right knowledge, faith and conduct are the three cabential points 10 Mahāvīra's teachings which constitute the path leading to the destruction of karma and to perfection " Destruction means the exhaustion of accumulated effects of action in the past Perfection (siddh) consists in the consciousness of one's liberation, and liberation means the freedom of soul from its bondage.
The main system of Jainism came to be represented as nacatalioa or the
10. Acārānga-Sītra, II, 15 25 11. Sūtrakrtânga, 1,2 1 21 22
