Jaina Logic

Author(s): T G Kalghatgi
Publisher: Raja Krisen Jain Charitable Trust New Delhi

Page 41

Jaina Logic
20
and secondary importance to the modes and characteristics like that of knowledge (jnana) etc. But when we say Jnanavan jiva, we give primary importance to the knowledge as the characteristic of jiva and the substantiality of jiva goes to the background. In these statements both aspects have reference, one is primary and the other secondary". The function of naigama naya is to give emphasis, primary emphasis or secondary, on substance and its attributes or modes in the different statements according to the intention of the speaker in different universes of discourse". The function of Naigama naya is to point out that not any particular naya is to be exclusively adhered to in the understanding of an object".
Akalanka has given the analytical distinction of the fallacies of naigama naya. They are naigamābhasa. To emphasise the absolute distinction as also the absolute non-distinction between a thing and its modes, the agent and action and general and particular leads to naigamabhasa. As we have seen earlier, the Vaiseşika approach to emphasise the exclusive distinction between a thing and its attributes is a fallacy of naigama naya-naigamabhasa. The Samkhya contention that knowledge is not inherent in the self but is a product of Prakrti is also naigamābhāsa".
Samgraha naya gives prominence to the universal in the midst of particulars". The particulars are intellectually woven together and Samgraha gleans out the general through the particulars. The concept of man is universal arising out of the observation of the particular numerous men, due to the similarities among them (sadɲşa). To glean out the concept of
44 Laghiyastraya - 39.
45 Tattvartha Sloka Vartika (Nirnaya Sagar Press, Bombay) pp. 269.
46. a) Dhavala tika Saprar@pana as referred to by Mahendra Kumar Jain in his Introduction (Amedi) to Siddhivinid caya tika pp 144.
b) Laghistrava. 39
47. Siddhiviniscaya 48 Ibid 10, 13.
10, 10, 10, 11.