Jaina Logic

Author(s): T G Kalghatgi
Publisher: Raja Krisen Jain Charitable Trust New Delhi

Page 58

Pramana and Nikeșepa 4. Upanaya : application of example - The hill has ,
smoke. 5. Nigamana : Conclusion - The hill has fire.
Jainas largely accept the five membered syllogism. Hemachandra describes the 'nature of the five propositions of the syllogism". According to some Jaina Logicians like Bhadraba hu, a syllogism may consist of 10 propositions. However Bbadrabahu says that number of propositions in a syllogism depends on the calibre of the person to whom it is addressed
Akalanka considers Tarka (Inductive reasoning) as an independent source of knowledge, because to know the concomitance there is no other valid means than tarka. If concomitance is not known there is no possibility of inference®. We are, here, reminded of the objections raised against syllogism by modern logicians that it does not give any new knowledge in the conclusion. Hence, it is no inference at all In the Aristotalian example
1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man. 3. Socrates is mortal; the conclusion is already included
in the major premise. With reference to vada (debate) jalpa (disputation) and vitända (arguing for winning), Akalanka accepts the contention of Dbarmakirti and says that unfair means should not be employed in arguments. Fair means should be used for right aims. Most of the Jaina authors after Akalanka follow him with the exception of Yogovijaya, who advocated the use of unfair means in exceptional cases. 1*
96. Pramana-Mimasa-II, 1-15 97 Das avalkalika - nirytkii - 50 as quoted in Prama na Mimarisa - I
(Singhi Jain Series) pp. 185. 98. Siddhtviniscaya - Ill. 8, 9. 99 Siddhivinif caya-pui V. 2 10. Vandarindate VIII. 6.