Jaina Logic

Author(s): T G Kalghatgi
Publisher: Raja Krisen Jain Charitable Trust New Delhi

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Jaina Logic
of two types : (1) Tadakara and (2) Atadakara of different forms. For example, to identify the picture of Devadatta as Devadatta is called tadakāra Sthapananikşepa. But if the picture of the animal like the elephant is knitted on a canvas in a small size it is called Aatda kara Sthapananiksepa. Dravya Niksepa is not primarily mental as it is not concerned with the intention or the idea of the person using the word. It presents the exact meaning of the object with reference to the present tense. For exmple, we use the description of an object in the present context of the state, although it may refer to the past state. Similarly, the future state may also be expressed with reference to the present state A pot (ghafa) which contained ghee in the past or if it is meant to contain ghee in future we call it a ghee pot The scope of the Dravyaniksepa is very vast and it may be expressed in different forms.
Bhava Nikşepa refers to the grasping of the meaning of the nature of the object through the word. A learned man who is a teacher and who is useful as a teacher may be called a teacher. This is Agamabhava Niksepa. A teacher who is actually engaged in teaching may be considered to be a teacher in activity from the point of view of No-Agamabhava Niksepa, In these cases a word has no reference to the aspect of the function in partial form. It has three forms like Loukika, Kupravacanica and Lokottara. These distinctions have been worked out and elaborated by later Logicians
In the Dravyaniksepa there is implication of the absence of the cognitive function. But in the Bhava niksepa there is partial absence of the cognitive function. For example, a teacher makes some gestures by hand and turns over the pages. These activities are behavioural functions and do not refer to the conceptual content of the activity. In the bhavaniksepa there is the expression of the present state and the mode of the objoct.
Every thing is expressed through nikpepa. Niksepa plays an important part in the analysis of the fuaction of language