Jaina Logic

Author(s): T G Kalghatgi
Publisher: Raja Krisen Jain Charitable Trust New Delhi

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Jaina Logic
Purandhara and Bakra.
But
called Devendra, Surendra, proper name given to an individual cannot be exchanged to one of these names. Indra is always called Indra and not Sakra or Purandhara.
With reference to time (Kala) nama-niksepa has two aspects (1) Permanent and (2) Temporary. The names of permanent things are permanent. e. g. Sarya, Candra and Siddhasıla. They are sasvata. In the cases where there are possibilities of change or modifications, the names are temporary (asasvata). For instance, a girl after marriage may change her name from Kamala to Vimalā.
Sthapana nikşepa refers to the identification of the meaning of the word, although the meaning may not be identical. In this we take a word and identify the meaning of the word with one object. Sthapana nikṣepa is of two types 1. Tadakara (of the same form) and 2 Atadākāra (of different form). In these cases sadbhāva sthapana and asadbhava sthapana may also be distinguished. If the meaning of an object is fixed on the object of the same form, it is called tadakāra sthāpanā. For example, to identify the picture of Devadatta as Devadatta is called tadakara sthapana But if the picture of an elephant or a horse is woven on a carpet, such an identification of picture as elephant or horse is called atadākāra sthāpana, because the identification and the object are not identical in form. Nama and sthapana nikşepu are not very much significant with reference to the meaning of the objects in the practical life.
Dravya Niksepa :
Dravya nikşepa does not refer to the subjective element, as to the nature of the object. Its state in the past, present and the future does not depend on our idea. Therefore, it is called dravya nikşepa, because it expresses the state of the past or the present. For example sometimes we use the description of the past state in the present context. Similarly of the future state, we may refer in the present state. A pot which