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psychologist of recent years Erich From. Not only the intellect, not only the instinctive tendencies caused by emotions, but every thing that might be termed as lower, physical vital mental (as explained by Shri Aurobindo) could be transformed.
It is interesting to see the development of Indian philosophic thought : Sankara emphasising identity, Budhism presenting "becoming" (change or difference) Indian philosophy (Sankara, Bhedabheda-Vada and Vis ispadvaita) subordinating difference to identity, Vaislesika (dvaita of Madhvācharya) subordinating identity to difference and the Jaina view seeking to coordinate both identity and difference. Anekanta is the response to the ekanta, in an effort to provide a comprehensive scheme of realism, a "mapy-sided' approach to the study of problems. Dr. Kalghatgi rightly points out that this Anekanta view, though a special feature of the Jaina point of view, is also to be found in Buddhist philosophy. The problem of bodymind, which Rāmānuja developed later as the sarira sariri bhava, was also dealt with in his own way by Mahavira, when he said the body is identical with the soul; in different respecs. The universe is mirrored in the soul; since the Universe, which is itself mirrored, is infinitely complex, experimental powers have to be mani-fold, commensurate with the complexity of the experienced Universe. Dr. Kalghatgi traces how this aspect has received much greater attention in the Jaina prakrit literature, to start with, and occupied an important place lator, in the Jaina Sanskrit literature also. In essence, Anekanta vāda is the theory of reality which asserts in a manifoldness and complexity of the real, crystalised itself as a supplementary process, in the two-fold dialect of Nayavada and syadvada, thus supplying a very broad base for the development of the realistic presupposition of Jaina metaphysics (vide Dr. Upadhye, whom Dr. Kalghatgi quotes).
Nyaya-Valserika regards frana as an independent category, the soul being the substratum But Nyaya makes knowledge an attribute of the soul without any essential attribute, The
