Jaina Logic

Author(s): T G Kalghatgi
Publisher: Raja Krisen Jain Charitable Trust New Delhi

Page 62

Pramana and Nikçepa
function of the word with reference to its meaning and implication. We have to consider two types of the meaning of the word : (1) primary meaning and (2) the secondary meaning. To make a distinction betwoen primary meaning and the secondary meaning is the important function of Nikpepa.
The basis of Niksepa can be analysed into four aspects : (1) Pradhana (Primary), (2) Apradhana (Secondary) (3) Kalpita (Imagined) and (4) Akalpita (Unimagined). Bhava is unimagined drsti. It is therefore primary. The other four Nikgepas are more concerned with mental construction. Therefore they are not primary.
We may also consider the distinction in the Niksepa which can be analysed into four parts. (1) Namaniksēpa (2) Sthapana Niksepa (3) Dravya Niksepa and (4) Bhava Niksepa. Namanik sepa refers to the proper name. A proper name is non-connotative. It is an arbitrary symbol for recognising an object. For instance, we call a very poor man as Laxmipati. In Western Logic J. S. Mill has stated that proper name is but an un-meaning mark which we connect in our minds with the idea of the object, in order that whenever the mark meets our eyes or occurs to our thoughts, we may think of that individual object. 108 It is like the chalk mark made on a house by the robber in the Arabian Nights just for recognising Miss. Stebbing in A Modern Introduction of Logic has pointed out the deficiencies in the contention of Mill. She says some names like demonstrative symbols have no connotation and ordinary proper names and descriptive phrases have connotation to
Sthapana Niksepa refers to the meaning of the word, although meaning may not be identical. The meaning of a thing is instituted and installed on an object. For instance-. an idol is installed and called Mahavira. Sthapananik pepa is
108. Lopte BK. 1, Chapter II, 5. 109. A Modern Introduction to Logic pp. 32. (Matheuer-1930)