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Erudition
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his opinion, horses emerged from the Samaveds and hence they are called Niḥṣāmänaḥ (III. 115). Horses were trained with labour (III. 114). A variety of horses like Syenī, Enī, Bhariņi, Hariņi, Rohini etc. is enlisted in the Dvyāśrayakāvya (IV. 55). In the Kumarapalacarita, various signs of horses are given (Ku. II. 85 onwards). The ears of the horses were unmarked; were torn; had the sign of Svästika on them; had holes; were signed like a spoon and had the sign of Avagraha (S) for their identity (VI. 65-66). Horses were bathed in the water (III. 122), and their faces were decorated with jewels (Ku. 1.8). Horses of the Sindhudeśa were famous for their strength (XVI. 31).
GAJASASTRA : Hemacandra appears to be possessing a minute observation about the elephants just like that of horses (III. 101, 104; VIII. 34). The ichor exuding from the temple of an elephant is frequently described (I. 114; IV. 53; VIII. 77). Elephant-keepers called Mahāmātra, riding the back of the horses trained the horses. They had an iron hook. called Picchikā to control the elephants (III. 113). Hemacandra has referred to Vacaspatiyam, a treatise on the science of elephants (VI. 29). Detailed distinctive characteristics of the elephants are also found in the Dvyāśrayakāvya (VI. 17 and Ku. II. 26 onwards). Good elephants have wide thighs, nice face. oozing rut and flickering movements (Ku. II. 31). Bad elephants possess a long trunk; have eyes like that of a cat; a parrot-like tail, blackish nails, weak back, wrinkly lips and ill-smell (VI 30-37). Such an elephant may crush his own. master (VI. 32-33).
Elephants of the Vindhya mountain were considered to he the best (XIX. 24). They were decorated on their face with embroidery called praṣṭhată (III. 115).
RATNASĀSTRA: Hemacandra has referred to a variety of Jewels in his poem (1. 29, 57; XI. 54). The science of Jewellery has been specified in the poem (I. 86). He has mentioned
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