________________
Social conditions
183
So it can be concluded that brāhmaṇas enjoyed prestige and dominance in the time of Caulukyas.
Kșatriya : Usually kiogs belonged to Ksatriya families. They had a lock of hair on their head (Sikhā) so Cámundarāja is called mürdhaśikha (IV.77).
In the Dvyāśrayakāvya, two kinds of kșatriyas are referred to :
i Suddhaksariya (Pure ksatriya). According to Abhayatilakagani, a ksatriya who is born of a kșatriya father and a kşatriya mother is called Suddhaksatriya (XIX.115).
ii Brāhmaṇakas:- Such type of ksatriyas are brābamaņas by birth. According to Abyayatilakagaại, those Brāhmaṇas who were thrusted out of society and later on adopted warfare as their living, are called Brāhamaņakas. Or those Brahmaņas whose living was through warfare, are called Brāhmaṇakas (XVIII.59).
Vaisya : They are called Arya (XI.15). Vaņika or Dhānyamāya because their main occupation was to measure grain (XI.43).
(b) Tribes Amongst Hindus only these four castes were prevalent. But some other aboriginal tribes are referred to in the poem. Their hair are mentioned as long to reach the waist (IV.50). There are some differences in their physical structure they are called uccairmukha, having an upward faces or ușțramukba, having a face like that of a camel (V.32). Some of the castes of these tribes are as follows:
i. Ābhira: (XV.85). Grāharipu belonged to an Ābhira tribe. It appears that they were anti. Hindu in their religion (11.109). According to Abhayatilakagani, these Abhiras are
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
