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1. Right View (Sammaditthi) : The true understanding of four noble truths — suffering (dukkha), the cause of suffering (dukkha samudya), the cessation of suffering (dukkha nirodha) and the path leading to cessation of suffering (dukkhagamini-pratipada) is called the right view.
2. Right Aspiration (Samnasamkappa) : The thought of renunciation of craving is the right aspiration. The idea of nonviolence is also a right aspiration.
3. Right Speech (sammavaca): A speech free from falsehood, back biting, confusion and senseless word is called the right speech.
4. Right Action (sammakammanto): The practice of chastity (kamesu micchacara), abstention from theft (adinnadane) and non-violence (panatipata) constitute right actions.
5. Right Livelihood (samma-ajiva): The right livelihood is attainable when one gives up all unethical means of earning a living.
6. Right Effort (sammavyayama): An aspirant's effort to wipe out all present evils, to prevent new evils from arising, to start virtuous deeds and to increase them gradually is the right effort.
7. Right Mindfulness (samma-sati) : A constant vigilance with special reference to the states of mind and body in order to perform meritorious deeds and to avoid evils is the right mindfulness.
8. Right Concentration (samma-samadhi): It consists of four stages of meditation. In the first stage, one experiences reflections, investigation, delight, happiness and tranquillity. In the second stage, both reflection and investigation disappear. In the third stage, delight disappears. In the fourth stage, bliss also passes away and one experiences tranquillity and equanimity The es
THE CONCEPT OF DIVINITY IN JAINISM
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