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References : 1. Acharya Hastimal; Jain Dharma Ka Maulik Itihas; Vol. I. 2. The wheel of time (kala) moves eternally expressing the progressive and the descendent phase of the lives. Utsarpani kala (the progressive phase) is the eon which presents the brighter side of life with plenty and prosperity in life. One Utsarpini kala is of 10 kota koti sagaropama years. Avsarpini kala (the descendent phase) is the con which presents the gradual descendence of plenty and prosperity in life. One Avsarpini kala is of 10 kota koti sagaropam. For more detail about kala; please refer page 119. For the names of present past and future Tirthankaras refer Appendix. 3. Refer Hermann Jacobi; “Jainism” in the Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. VII. p. 466 ff. 4. Jain Hiralal; Bharatiya Samskrit Mein Jain Dharma Ka Yogadan; p. 342343. 5. Refer page ? for the meaning of sagaropam. 6. Bhagavata Purana V. 5. 6 and Vishnu Purana; Tr. by Wilson, S. H. p. 133; Rig. Veda II. 7. 7 Padma Purana (Jain) 8 Deo S. B; History of Jain Monachism; p. 58. 9. James Hastings (editor); Encyclopaedia of Religion And Ethics; Vol. VII; p. 465-474. 10 Jain, Jyoti Prasad; Jainism The Oldest Living Religion; p. 6-12. 11. Acharya Atmaramaji Maharaj, Ed.; Acharanga Sutra; p. 1373. 12. Ibid; p. 1370. 13. Anguttara Nikaya; Vol. IV; p. 67. 14. Kapadia, H. R.; A History Of Canonical Literature Of The Jains; 15 Tattvartha Sutra; I. 4. Pancastikayasara : 9 16. Jivajivasravabhandhasamvaranirjaramokshastattvam. 17. To those seven principles, paap (sin) and punya (merit) have been added. The nine principles, inclusive of these two constitute the padarthas(Panchastikaya,sara; verse 108); Uttaradhyayana Sutra; XXVIII. 1; Mrs. Stevenson has designated the nine padarthas as 'The nine categories of Fundamental Truths' -- (Heart of Jainism; p. 416); Pt. Sukhlal observes that in seven tattva; as both punya and papa are included in asrava or bandha. 18. Lalwani, K. C.; (tr.); Bhagavai Viahapannatti; Vol. II, p. 179.
THE CONCEPT OF DIVINITY IN JAINISM
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