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vyava-dhrauvya i.e. origination, decay and permanence.67 Origination is the attainment of other modes by the souls or other substance by means of external and internal causes, without giving up their essential characteristics. Besides jivastikaya, pudgalastikaya, dharmastikaya, adharmastikaya, akashastikaya and kala are eternal and these are called as shad-dravyas. 68 Pudgala, dharma, adharma, akasha and kala dravyas constitute the ajiva category. II. Ajiva (Non-divine)
Ajiva the second fundamental (principle) of Jainism is the non-conscious. Ajiva is of two kinds : rupi ajiva (non-living substance with form) and arupi ajiva (non-living substance without form). Pudgala is rupi ajiva while dharmastikaya, adharmastikaya, akashastikaya and kala are arupi ajiva. Pudgala
Pudgala is a process of pud (combination) and gala (disassociation).70 It has form." Pudgala stands for the material substance which undergoes modifications through disassociation and combination.?? It has the characteristics of touch (sparsha), taste (rasa), smell (gandha) and colour (varna).73 The manifestations of pudgala are found in the form of sound, union, fineness, grossness, figure, divisibility, darkness, shade or image, sunshine and moonlight.74 It consists of innumerable and indefinite parts as we consider the different molecular combination.75
The indivisible elementary particle of matter is atom (anu). It has got only one pradesha because the criterion of pradesha itself is based on anu. One atom necessarily occupies one pradesha . But, it is not necessary that one pradesha would always be occupied by one atom only, because of the contraction and expansion of atom in molecules (skandha). When any molecule is dissolved into smallest possible atoms, the atoms so obtained are called effect-atoms (kriya-paramanu). These atoms, which cause the formation of four root matters earth, water, fire
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THE CONCEPT OF DIVINITY IN JAINISM
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