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The nine types of punya are: 1. Anapunya, 2. Panapunya, 3. Vastra, 4. Palace punya, 5. Shayan punya, 6. Mind punya, 7. Speech punya, 8. Body punya, 9. Namaskara punya.'10 Punya can be acquired by giving food, water, medicine, to needy persons to have good feeling for everyone, to speak politely, etc. Thus, virtuous activity is the cause of punya.''
Demeritorious karmas arę paaps.'12 The main eighteen types of paaps are (i) Himsa (violence), (ii) Mrisha (to tell a lie), (iii) Chaurya (theft), (iv) Abrahmacharya (non-celibacy), (v) Parigraha (covetousness), (vi) Krodha (anger), (vii) Mana (pride), (viii) Maya (deceit), (ix) Lobha (lust or greed), (x) Raga (attachment), (xi) Dvesha (aversion), (xii) Kalaha (to make dispute), (xiii) Abhyakhyana (to nickname anybody; to call bad names), (xiv) Paishunya (back-biting), (xv) Para-ninda (to blame), (xvi) Rati-Arati (Rati means inclination towards demerit and arati denotes non-inclination towards auspicious deeds), (xvii) Mayamrishavada (deceitful lie), (xviii) Mithya darshana (delusion).'13
There are two kinds of punya."14 They are : 1) Punyanubandhi punya - this type of punya (merit) is virtuous both in operation (udaya) and result (phalabhoga). It paves the way to salvation to jiva and 2) Paapanubandhi punya-this is a punya, which gives joy to jiva, during operation, but leads it towards wrong deeds. Like punya, paap is also of two kinds."15 They are : 1) Paapanubandhi paap: it leads to sorrow and miseries in present experience and in the future, 2) Punyanubandhi paap : it leads to suffering and misery in present experience but brings in meritorious karmas for the future.
Acharya Kundakunda observes in Samayasara'16 "Those who are outside the presence of paramartha or supreme self, through their ignorance - not knowing that -- virtue leads to samsara, desire the same with the belief that will lead to Moksha.” Acharya Bhuvan Bhanu Surishwar observes that punya is regarded as upadeya (acceptable) and paap is regarded as heya
THE CONCEPT OF, DIVINITY IN JAINISM
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