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and directs his entire attention towards non separation from that object and a permanent conjunction with the same.251 iii) Vedana : When a person has constant reflection of pain or ailment.253 iv) Viyoga : When a person recollects the enjoyment of objects in the past, and directs his entire attention towards separation from such enjoyment and its permanent rejoining.
The sorrowful concentration is possible in the Gunasthana namely avirata, deshasamyata or deshavirata and pramattasamyata.254
II. Raudra Dhyana : (Cruel Concentration): Raudra dhyana is of four types255 viz., cruel concentration related - i) violence or injury (himsanubandhi), ii) untruthfulness (mrishanubandhi), iii) theft (stenanubandhi), and iv) protection of an acquisition (samrakshnanubandhi).
The cruel concentration is possible in the Gunasthanas avirata and deshavirata.256 Arta dhyana and Raudra dhyana are the obstacles in the path of divinity while, Dharma dhyana' and Shukla dhyana lead to divinity.
III. Dharma Dhyana : Dharma dhyana refers to the concentration of the mind on the auspicious and righteous objects.257 Dharma dhyana258 consists in meditation on : i). The immaculate infallible nature of revelation by Jina (ajnavichaya). ii) The path to remove universal suffering, disaster (apaya vichaya). ii) The nature and conditions of fruition of karmic matters (vipakavichaya). iv) The structure of the universe (samsthanavichaya). 262
Samsthana vichaya dhyana has four types : i) pindastha dhyana, ii) padastha dhyana, iii) rupastha dhyana, and iv) rupatita
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THE CONCEPT OF DIVINITY IN JAINISM
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