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uttama shaucha or excellent cleanliness; f. uttama samyama or excellent restraint; g. uttama tapa or excellent penance; h. utiama tyaga or excellent abandonment; i. uttama akinchanya or excellent indifference; and j. uttama brahmacharya or excellent celibacy.
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Samvara is the meditation on twelve contemplation (Anupreksha),197 viz.,- i) Anityanupreksha - everything in the universe198 is impermanent. ii) -Asaranupreksha there is no real refuge in the world. iii) Samsaranupreksha --- the transmigration 200 leads to suffering and misery. iv) Ekatvanupreksha ajiva has to transmigrate201 alone. v) Anyatvanupreksha · a soul is, different202 from body. vi) Ashucitvanupreksha - impurity203 of the body. vii) Asravanupreksha defiling the inflow204 of karmas. vii) Samvaranupreksha cessation20s of inflow of karma. ix) Nirjaranupreksha the process of eradicating 206 the karmic matters. x) Lokanupreksha the nature and extent207 of universe. xi) Bodhidurlabhanupreksha - difficulties208 in attaining the true insight or liberation. xii) Dharmasvakhyatatvanupreksha dharma209, taught by Jinas, leads to enlightenment.
One who endures patiently the twenty two types of hardships (parishaha)210 viz., i) Hunger, ii) Thirst, iii) Cold, iv) Heat, v) Insects bite, vi) Nudity, vii) Ennui, viii) Women, ix) Walking, x) Sitting, xi) Resting, xii) Abuse, xiii) Beating, xiv) Begging, xv) Non-obtaining, xvi) Disease, xvii) Contact with thorny shrubs, etc., Xviii) Dirt, xix) Respect and Disrespect, xx) Conceit of knowledge, xxi) Lack of knowledge, and xxii) Slack belief.
Samvara is also practice of moral conduct, namely i) Samyak charitra equanimity towards all jivas, ii) Chhedopasthapana charitra - suitable changes to regain equanimity after accidental transgression, iii) Pariharavishuddhi charitra purity by penance etc., iv) Sukshmasamparaya charitra control of passions except subtle greed, v) Yathakhyata or Vitaraga charitra utter cessation of all passions.211
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THE CONCEPT OF DIVINITY IN JAINISM
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