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to be somewhat more archaic13 than that of Hemacandra. There is a mul tiplicity of form and flexibility of grammar, not seen in Hemacandra; it can only mean that Dhanapala wrote when the language had not quite ceased to be a spoken language; and by Hemacandra's time it had already become a dead language, surviving perhaps in the literature of the days. This might require a difference of a couple of centuries at least between the two authors. Hemacandra is known to have flourished at the Court of King Kumarapala of Patana in the 12th Century A. D.
3. Not much can be said at the present stage of research about Desi words of Dhanapala which are not found in Hemacandra'a Desinamamala or found in quite a differet sense; (c. f. fas XIV 20, 17). For, perhaps the fact that Hemacandra handles Desis of a region other than the one of our author, will be able to account well for the difference. The same has got to be said with regard to the Paialacchinamamala, which does not contain many Desi words that are used by Dhanapala.
III
The story:-Much need not be said about this, as almost every Kadavaka has been summarised in the Notes. It is to be noted, however, that although the author seems to have looked upon his work as consisting of two parts, c. f. faft deft adtafé fait XXII 9, 8, the Katha falls clearly into three parts as Jacobi has rightly seen. (1) The fortunes of Bhavisatta, a tradesman's son, who suffers twice by the deceit of his half-brother but becomes in the end quite happy. (2) The war between the Kuru King and the King of Taxilla, in which Bhavisatta takes a leading part and is victorious. He gets half the Kuru Kingdom in reward. (3) The previous and later births of Bhavisatta and his people, until they get Nirvāņa.
(1) The first part is a very good domestic legend, illustrating the tragic features of bigamy. A merchant marries a second time, neglecting his first wife and her son. The son from the second marriage, while in youth, sets out on a journey for business and is accompanied by his elder half-brother. The two, with five hundred other young tradesmen, land on an island. There the younger half-brother treacherously leaves his elder brother alone and sets sail. The latter discovers a deserted but rich city and a beautiful princess, whom he marries. After a long time they take much wealth with them and go ashore with the hope that some casual merchant-ship might take them up. They again meet with the half-brother, who has returned unsuccessful. The latter feigns repentance and offers to carry his brother and the princess with their wealth home. But when all is ready, he sets sail with the wealth and princess before the elder brother has time to come up to the ships. He returns home and declares the princess to be his
13 See Apabhramsa Grammar below.
