________________
6. Stands for
a. The operation of squaring the preceding term, for instance,
means. maximum yoked infinite (utkṛṣṭa yukta ananta) of minimum infinite (jaghanya ananta ananta) less one. Now 3 is jaghanya yukta anata whose square is jaghanya ananta ananta of ज जु अव 42 b. log, (log, (palya)) Now stand for log, (palya). Further log, (angula) is written as . Thus it appears that they had the idea of function of a function but they did not evolve the modern type of symbol for it. 7.8 stands for
a. Square of set of points in a linear finger (pratarangula)44
b. Square of set of instants in a trail measure (pratarāvalī)45 For the negative sign the following symbols appear in various
texts;
95
a. for instance stands for jaghanya yukta asamkhyāta minus one or utkṛṣṭa parīta asamkhyāta which is maximum perdu innumerate.46 for instance -2 stands for a lac less two.47
for instance
stands for a crore less two.48
b.
c.
―
0
d. denote the set of points in the universe line cube (ghana lika) less
ल
two. similarly lac less one. 49
or
for instance
५ or ल stand for a lac less five 50
e.
f. The KaKapada (crow's paw) - + sign has been used by Virasena. It has also occured in the Bakṣāli manuscript.51
g. रि or रिण for instance १४३ / रि. यो १०००००/
These symbols as also the symbol in (a) has been used in the Tiloyapanṇattī.52 In (a), (f) and (g) the symbol R appears to be an original source of +, or RUR→→+ might have been the course for the synopic evolution of +
The horizontal bar appears to be of the period of Nānāghāța Inscriptions.54 For the positive sign the following symbols occur:
a) A horizontal bar, as already noted.
b) The word & UT (plus), has been used in the Tiloyapanṇatti.55
There are a few other symbols which are common in the Tiloyapanṇatti. and the Arthasamdṛṣṭi. For instance, 7, 9, 9& etc. stands for the square root as an operational symbol which also occurs in the Bakṣāli manuscript.56 Toḍaramala introduses for the first square root of the set of अर्हत् वचन, 23 (3), 2011
51
