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________________ TOTAIWAVE 1 TILICA TIN AOIRE VIVUNDO 17 UTION reomi gy - SEE8 [ 13 jya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAthazodhapITha,vArANasI failenbrary.org
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________________ sampAdaka DA0 prazoka kumAra siMha varSa 45 pradhAna sampAdaka 0 sAgaramala jaina pro0 janavarI-mArca, 1994 prastuta zraGka meM pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke nimna Alekha prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiM - 1 jainadharma-darzana kA sAratatva 2 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana aura darzana 3 jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA 4. jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna 5. jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 6. ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA 7. jaina karma siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 8. jaina jagat saha-sampAdaka DA0 zivaprasAda aMka 1-3 1-13 14-17 18-36 37-43 44-79 vArSika zulka cAlIsa rupaye eka prati dasa rupaye yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata hoM / 80-93 94-127
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________________ jainadharma-darzana kA sAratattva - pro. sAgaramala jaina jainadharma kA udbhava aura vikAsa jina ke dvArA pravartitadharma jainadharma kahA jAtA hai aura jo apanI indriyoM, vAsanAoM aura icchAoM para vijaya pA letA hai, vaha jina hai| jainadharma kA eka prAcIna nAma nirgantha dharma bhI hai| azoka Adi ke atiprAcIna zilAlekhoM meM isakA isI nAma se ullekha milatA hai| nirgantha zabda kA artha hai -- jisake hRdaya meM chala-kapaTa, rAga-dveSa, ahaMkAra, lobha Adi kI koI gA~Tha nahIM hai aura jo Antarika aura bAhya parigraha se mukta hai, vahI nirgantha hai| jainadharma ko Ahata dharma bhI kahate haiN| arhat zabda kA artha hai -- jisane rAga-deSa para vijaya prApta kara lI hai aura jo apanI AdhyAtmika pavitratA ke kAraNa jagata kA vandanIya bana gayA, vaha at hai aura usakA upAsaka aahet| jahA~ vaidikadharma meM yajJa-yAga aura karmakANDa para vizeSa bala diyA gayA vahI zramaNadharma, vizeSa rUpa se jainadharma meM tapa, tyAga va vairAgya para adhika bala diyA gyaa| ataH vaidikadharma ko pravRtti mUlaka aura zramaNadharma ko nivRtti mUlakadharma bhI kahate haiN| nivRtti mUlakadharma kA mukhya prayojana hotA hai, sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukti hetu saMnyAsa ke mArga kA anusaraNa krnaa| isa prakAra jainadharma saMnyAsa pradhAna yA vairAgya pradhAna dharma hai| mAnava vyaktitva meM do tattva pAye jAte haiM -- 1. vAsanA aura 2. vivek| manuSya meM vAsanAoM kI upasthiti use daihika AvazyakatAoM evaM icchAoM kI pUrti kI ora arthAt bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI upalabdhi kI ora prerita karatI hai| jabaki viveka yaha batAtA hai ki icchAe~ ananta haiM, unakI pUrNa saMtuSTi kabhI bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie zAnti ke icchuka manuSya ko icchAoM kI saMtuSTi kI dizA meM na bhAgakara icchAoM kA saMyama karanA caahie| icchAoM evaM vAsanAoM ke saMyama kI yahI bAta saMnyAsa mUlaka jainadharma kI utpatti kA AdhAra hai| yaha prazna bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki jainadharma kA prArambha kaba se huaa| isake prathama pravaktA kauna haiM ? jaina paramparA ke anusAra isa kAla-cakra meM jainadharma kI sthApanA bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kii| RSabhadeva ke ullekha Rgveda evaM purANa sAhitya meM bhI haiN| ataH jainadharma saMsAra kA eka ati prAcIna dharma hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra isa kAlacakra meM saMnyAsa mUlaka dharma kA prathama upadeza bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne diyA thaa| zrImadbhAgavat meM bhI RSabhadeva ko * AkAzavANI dehalI se maI-jUna 1993 meM prasArita vArtA
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana saMnyAsa dharma arthAta paramahaMsa mArga kA prarvataka kahA jAtA hai| RSabhadeva se pUrva mAnava samAja pUrNataH prakRti para Azrita thaa| kAla-krama meM jaba manuSyoM kI janasaMkhyA meM vRddhi aura prAkRtika saMsAdhana meM kamI hone se manuSyoM meM saMcaya vRtti kA vikAsa huA to striyoM, pazuoM aura khAdya padArthoM ko lekara eka-dUsare se chInA-jhapaTI hone lgii| aisI sthiti meM RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama samAja-vyavasthA evaM zAsana- vyavasthA kI nIMva DAlI tathA kRSi evaM zilpa ke dvArA apane hI zrama se apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanA sikhaayaa| kintu manuSya kI bar3hatI huI bhogAkAMkSA evaM saMcaya vRtti ke kAraNa vaiyaktika jIvana evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM jo azAMti evaM viSamatA AyI usakA samAdhAna nahIM ho skaa| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki bhoga sAmagrI kI pracuratA bhI manuSya kI AkAMkSA va tRSNA ko samApta karane meM samartha nahIM hai| yadi vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM zAMti evaM samatA sthApita karanI hai, to manuSya ko tyAga evaM saMyama ke mArga kI zikSA denI hogii| unhoMne svayaM parivAra evaM rAjya kA tyAga karake vairAgya kA mArga apanAyA aura logoM ko tyAga evaM vairAgya kI zikSA denA prArambha kiyaa| basa yahI jainadharma kI utpatti kI kahAnI hai| Age calakara RSabhadeva kI paramparA meM kramazaH anya 23 tIrthakara hue| unameM 22veM ariSTanemi, 23veM pArzvanAtha evaM 24veM bhagavAna mahAvIra hue| 22veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi bhagavAna kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the aura unhoMne ahiMsA para vizeSa rUpa se bala diyaa| apane vivAha ke avasara para vaivAhika bhoja hetu ekatrita pazu-pakSiyoM kI cItkAra sunakara unhoMne na kevala unheM mukta karavAyA apitu vaivAhika jIvana se mukha mor3akara tapa-sAdhanA kA mArga apanAyA aura jJAna prApta kiyA tathA ahiMsA aura saMyama kA upadeza diyaa| unhoMne kahA -- "dhammo maMgalamukkiTheM ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA vi taM namasaMti je dhamme sayA mno||" arthAta ahiMsA, saMyama va tapa rUpI dharma hI sarvotkRSTa maMgala hai| jisakA mana sadaiva isa dharma meM lagA rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha vArANasI meM utpanna hue the, inhoMne tapa-sAdhanA meM jo AtmapIDana evaM parapIDana kI pravRtti vikasita ho rahI thI, usakA virodha kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki aisA tapa jisase dUsare prANiyoM ko kaSTa hotA ho aura apane tapasvI hone ke ahaMkAra kI puSTi ho aura jo laukika icchAoM kI pUrti ke liye kiyA jAtA ho, ucita nahIM hai, tapa kA prayojana to Atmazuddhi honA caahiye| ataH vivekapUrNa arhisaka tapa hI zreSTha hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI hue| mahAvIra ne indriya saMyama ke sAtha-sAtha brahamacarya evaM aparigraha kI sAdhanA para adhika bala diyaa| unhoMne pArzva ke cArtuyAma dharma meM brahmacarya ko jor3akara ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA kA upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra svAmI kA vizeSa bala AcAra- zuddhi aura vyavahAra- zuddhi para thaa| unhoMne kahA ki -- AcAro prathamodharmaH arthAt AcAra hI prathama dharma hai| vyAvahArika jIvana hetu
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina unhoMne ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha para vizeSa bala diyaa| duHkha aura duHkha-vimukti mahAzramaNa mahAvIra ke cintana kA mUla srota jIvana kI duHkhamayatA kA bodha hI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ve kahate haiM -- jamma dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM rogA ya maraNANi y| aho dukkho hu saMsAro jattha kIsanti jntvo|| janma duHkhamaya hai, vRddhAvasthA bhI duHkhamaya hai, roga aura mRtyu bhI duHkhamaya hai, adhika kyA yaha sampUrNa sAMsArika astitva hI duHkha rUpa hai| saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA ke isI bodha se duHkha ke kAraNa kI khoja evaM duHkha vimukti ( mokSa yA nirvANa ) ke cintana kA vikAsa huA hai| jaina cintakoM ne yaha mAnA ki sAMsArikatA meM sukha nahI hai| jise hama sukha mAna lete haiM, vaha ThIka usI prakAra kA hai jisa prakAra khujalI kI bImArI se pIDita vyakti khAja ko khujAne meM sukha mAna letA hai, vastutaH vaha sukha bhI duHkha spa hI hai| saMsAra meM dhanI-nirdhana, zAsita-zAsaka sabhI to duHkhI hai| kahA hai -- dhana binA nirdhana duHkhI, tRSNAvaza dhnvaan| kabahu na sukha yA saMsAra meM, saba jaga dekhyo chaan|| saMsAra ke ina duHkhoM ko hama do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| eka to bhautika dukha, jo prAkRtika vipadAoM aura bAhya tathyoM ke kAraNa hote haiM aura dUsare mAnasika duHkha jo manuSya kI AkAMkSAoM va tRSNAoM se janma lete haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM ina samasta bhautika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kA mUla vyakti kI bhogAsakti hI hai| manuSya apanI kAmanAoM kI pUrti ke dvArA ina duHkhoM ke nivAraNa kA prayatna to karatA hai, kintu vaha usa kAraNa kA uccheda nahIM karatA jisase duHkha prasphuTita hotA hai kyoMki vaha bAhara na hokara hamArI cittavRtti meM hotA hai| saMyama (brahmacarya) aura saMtoSa (aparigraha) ke atirikta manuSya kI taSNA ko samApta karane kA koI upAya nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki bAhya padArthoM se icchAoM kI pUrti kA prayAsa vaisA hI hai jaise ghRta DAlakara agni ko zAnta krnaa| vaha to usase zAnta na hokara adhika prajjvalita hI hotI hai| yaha to zAkhAoM ko kATakara jar3oM ko pAnI dene ke samAna hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki -- suvaNNa-ruppassa u pavvayA bhave siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci icchA u AgAsasamA annntiyaa|| cAhe svarNa va rajata ke kailAza ke samAna asaMkhya parvata kyoM na khar3e kara diye jAya kintu ve manuSya kI tRSNA ko pUrNa karane meM samartha nahIM hai, kyoMki icchA to AkAza ke sAmAna ananta hai| samasta duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa bhogAkAMkSA, tRSNA yA mamatva buddhi hI hai| kintu isa bhogAkAMkSA kI samApti kA upAya icchAoM kI pUrti nahIM hai, apitu saMyama evaM nirAkAMkSatA hI hai| yadi hama
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana vyakti ko mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM tanAvoM se tathA mAnava jAti ko hiMsA evaM zoSaNa se mukta karanA cAhate haiM to hameM apane ko saMyama evaM saMtoSa kI dizA meM mor3anA hogaa| bhogavAdI sukhoM kI lAlasA meM daur3atA hai aura usakI upalabdhi hetu corI, zoSaNa evaM saMgraha jaisI sAmAjika burAiyoM ko janma detA hai| mahAvIra ke anusAra bhogavAdI jIvanadRSTi icchAoM aura AkAMkSAoM ko janma dekara hamAre vaiyaktika jIvana meM tanAvoM evaM vikSobhoM ko utpanna karatI hai / jisase hamArA caitasika samatva bhaMga hotA hai / vaha sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgraha evaM zoSaNa kI vRtti ko janma dekara sAmAjika viSamatA kA kAraNa banatI hai| isIlie mahAvIra ne yaha nirdeza diyA ki padArthoM kI ora bhAgane kI apekSA Atmonmukha bano, kyoMki jo padArtha - apekSI yA parApekSI hotA hai vaha paratantra hotA hai, kintu jo AtmApekSI hotA hai vaha svatantra hotA hai| yadi tuma vastutaH tanAva mukta honA cAhate ho tathA vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM zAnti cAhate ho to, Atmakendrita bano, kyoMki jo parAzrita yA para kendrita hotA hai, vaha duHkhI hotA hai aura jo svAzrita yA svakendrita hotA hai, sukhI hotA hai| Atura - pratyAkhyAna nAmaka jainagrantha meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta sAMsArika upalabdhiyA~ saMyogajanya hai / inheM apanA mAnane yA ina para mamatva rakhane se prANI duHkha paramparA ko prApta hotA hai| ataH ina sAMyogika upalabdhiyoM ke prati mamatva vRtti kA visarjana kara denA cAhie / yahI duHkha vimukti kA eka mAtra upAya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~-jahA~ mamatva hai, vahA~ vahA~ duHkha hai| icchAoM kI pUrti se duHkha - vimuktikA prayAsa ThIka vaisA hI hai jaise chalanI ko jala se bharane kA prayAsa / hama bAhya jagat meM rasa lene ke lie jaise hI usameM apanA AropaNa karate haiM, vaise hI eka prakAra kA dvaita prakaTa ho jAtA hai, jisameM hama apanepana kA AropaNa karate haiM, Asakti rakhate haiM, vaha hamAre lie 'sva' bana jAtA hai aura usase bhinna yA virodhI 'para' bana jAtA hai / AtmA kI samatva ke kendra se yaha cyuti hI use ina 'sva' aura 'para' ke do vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta detI hai / inheM hama kramazaH rAga aura dveSa kahate haiN| rAga AkarSaNa kA siddhAnta hai aura dveSa vikarSaNa kA / apanA-parAyA, rAga-dve athavA AkarSaNa - vikarSaNa ke kAraNa hamArI cetanA meM sadaiva hI tanAva, saMgharSa athavA dvandva banA rahatA hai, yadyapi cetanA yA AtmA apanI svAbhAvika zakti ke dvArA sadaiva sAmyAvasthA yA saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa karatI rahatI hai| lekina rAga evaM dveSa kisI bhI sthAyI santulana kI avasthA ko sambhava nahIM hone dete / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana meM rAga-dveSa se Upara uThanA samyak jIvana kI anivArya zarta mAnI gaI hai| mamatva va rAga-dveSa kI upasthiti hI mAnavIya pIr3A kA mUla kAraNa hai / yadi manuSya ko mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti pAnA hai to isake lie nirmamatva yA anAsakti kI sAdhanA hI eka mAtra vikalpa hai I 4 AtmA kA bandhana aura mukti jainadharma ke anusAra yaha saMsAra duHkhamaya hai ataH ina sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukta honA hI vyakti kA mukhya prayojana honA caahie| manuSya meM upasthita rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hI usakA vAstavika bandhana hai aura yahI duHkha hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra manuSya jaba rAga-dveSa athavA krodha, mAna Adi kapAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara koI bhI zArIrika, vAcika yA mAnasika pravRtti karatA hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina to usake pariNAmasvarUpa karma paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai, jise ve Asava kahate haiN| jaba cittavRtti meM krodhAdi kaSAya vidyamAna ho tathA zarIra evaM indriyoM kI pravRtti asaMyamita ho to usake pariNAmasvarUpa karma kA bandha hotA hai yA karma saMskAra banate haiN| pratyeka karma saMskAra kAla-krama meM apanA vipAka yA phala detA hai aura isa prakAra karma aura vipAka kI paramparA calatI rahatI hai| isa tathya ko hama aise bhI samajhA sakate haiM ki jaba vyakti dveSa Adi ke vazIbhata hokara krodha karatA hai to usameM krodha ke saMskAra banate haiN| samaya-samaya para krodha ke ina saMskAroM kI abhivyakti hone se krodha usakI jIvana zailI kA hI aMga bana jAtA hai aura yahI usakA bandhana hai| jainadharma ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA meM jo ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta zakti rahI huI hai, vaha ina karma saMskAroM ke kAraNa kuMThita ho jAtI hai| Atmika zakti kA kuMThita honA hI bandhana hai| karma kA yaha bandhana ATha prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai, 1. jo karma AtmA kI jJAnAtmaka zakti ko kuMThita karate haiM ve jJAnAvaraNa kahalAte haiM, 2. jinake dvArA AtmA kI anubhUti sAmarthya sImita hotI hai use darzanAvaraNa kahate haiM, 3. jisake dvArA sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, ve vedanIya karma hai, 4. jina karma saMskAroM ke kAraNa vyakti kA dRSTikoNa evaM cAritra dUpita ho use mohanIya karma kahA gayA hai| 5. jo karma hamAre vyaktitva yA caittasika evaM zArIrika saMracanA ke kAraNa hote haiM unheM nAmakarma kahate haiM, 6. jina karmoM ke kAraNa vyakti ko anukUla va pratikUla pariveza upalabdha hotI hai, vaha gotrakarma hai, 7. isI prakAra jo karma eka zarIra vizeSa meM hamArI Ayu maryAdA ko nizcita karatA hai, use AyuSyakarma kahate haiN| 8. anta meM jisa karma dvArA hameM prApta hone vAlI upalabdhiyoM meM bAdhA ho vaha antarAyakarma hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ina karmoM ke vaza hokara prANI saMsAra meM janma-maraNa karatA hai aura sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti karatA hai| jainadharma kA prayojana AtmA ko isa karma-mala se mukta kara vizuddha banAnA hai| isake lie saMvara kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra jisa kamare kI khir3akiyA~ khulI hoM usameM dhUla ke Agamana ko nahIM rokA jA sakatA hai, usI prakAra jaba AtmA kI indriyAM rUpI khir3akiyA~ khulI hoM usameM karma raja rUpI mala ke Agamana ko rokA nahI jA sakatA hai| ataH Atmavizuddhi ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ina indriyarUpI khir3akiyoM ko banda kareM arthAt indriyoM kA saMyama kreN| jainadharma meM indriya saMyama kA matalaba yaha nahIM hai ki indriyoM kI pravRtti hI na hone dI jaaye| mahAvIrasvAmI ne kahA thA ki indriyoM evaM unake viSayoM kI upasthiti kI dazA meM indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se samparka na ho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| saMyama kA tAtparya hai ina aindrika viSayoM kI anubhUti kI dazA meM hamArA citta rAga-dveya kI vRtti se AkAnta na ho| satat abhyAsa dvArA jaba aindrika anubhUtiyoM meM citta anAsakta rahanA sIkha jAtA hai to saMyama kI sAdhanA saphala hotI hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina jaba taka citta meM purAne karma- mala upasthita haiM taba taka AdhyAtmika vizuddhi saMmbhava nhaa| isake lie jainadharma meM nirjarA kI bAta kahI gayI hai| nirjarA kA artha hai karma-mala ko alaga kara denA yA jhAr3a denaa| AtmA para lage karma- mala ko alaga karane kA prayatna hI nirjarA hai| jisa prakAra kamare kI saphAI ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki pahale to hama kamare kI khir3akiyA~ banda kara deM tAki bAhara se dhUla na Aye, kintu pUrva kI upasthita dhUla yA mala kI saphAI ke lie kamare ko jhAr3anA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| usI prakAra AtmA meM jo gaMdagI hai use dUra karane ke lie nirjarA Avazyaka hai| jainadharma ke anusAra nirjarA ke dvArA hI AtmA ke pUrva saMcita karma- mala kA zodhana saMmbhava hai| nirjarA kA dUsarA nAma 'tapa-sAdhanA' hai| kahA gayA hai ki tapa ke dvArA AtmA karor3oM bhavoM ke pUrva saMcita karmoM ko naSTa kara detA hai| jisa prakAra zuddha ghI ko prApta karane ke lie hameM makkhana ko kisI bartana meM rakhakara tapAnA hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA kI zuddhi ke liye use bhI zarIra rUpI bhAjana ke dvArA tapAnA hotA hai| jainadharma meM tapasyA kA matalaba zarIra ko kaSTa denA nahIM apitu zarIra ke prati rAgAtmakatA yA mamatva buddhi ko dUra karanA hai| isIliye AtmA kI dehAsakti ko tor3ane kA jo prayatna hai vahI tapasyA hai| yaha satya hai ki sabhI durAcaraNoM kA mUla kAraNa vyakti kI mamatA yA Asakti hai, isa Asakti meM bhI dehAsakti sabase ghanIbhUta hotI hai| ise samApta karane ke lie hI jainadharma meM anazana Adi bAhya tapoM aura svAdhyAya Adi Antarika tapoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaba tapasyA dvArA AtmA kI Asakti aura karmamala samApta ho jAtA hai to AtmA kI ananta jJAna Adi kSamatAe~ prakaTa ho jAtI haiN| Asakti aura karma- mala kA kSaya hokara AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA pUrNa prakaTana hI jainadharma meM mukti yA nirvANa hai| ise hI paramAtmadazA kI prApti bhI kahate haiN| jaba AtmA karma-mala se rahita hokara pUrNa nirmamatva aura nirAvaraNa avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai aura apane Atma svarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai, to vahI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| AtmA ko paramAtmA kI avasthA taka pahu~cAnA hI jaina sAdhanA kA mUla prayojana hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA __ AtmA kI vibhAvadazA arthAt usakI viSaya-vAsanAoM meM Asakti yA rAgabhAva hI usakA bandhana hai, apane isa rAgabhAva, Asakti yA mamatA ko tor3ane kA jo prayAsa hai, vaha sAdhanA hai aura usa Asakti, mamatva yA rAgabhAva kA TUTa jAnA hI mukti hai, yahI AtmA kA paramAtmA bana jAnA hai| jaina sAdhakoM ne AtmA kI tIna avasthA mAnI haiM -- 1. bahirAtmA 2. antarAtmA aura 3. prmaatmaa| rAnta Anandaghana jI kahate haiM -- trividha sakala tanudhara gata AtamA, bahirAtama adha rUpa sujnyaanii| bIjo antara AtamA tIsaro paramAtama aviccheda sujnyaanii||
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina viSaya-bhogoM meM ulajhA huA AtmA bahirAtmA hai| saMsAra ke viSaya-bhogoM meM udAsIna sAdhaka antarAtmA hai aura jisane apanI viSaya-vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kara liyA hai, jo viSaya-vikAra se rahita ananta catuSTaya se yukta hokara jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM sthita hai, vaha paramAtmA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA ke pArasparika sambandha ko lekara kahA gayA hai-- 'appA so prmppaa'| AtmA hI paramAtmA hai| pratyeka prANI, pratyeka cetanasattA paramAtma svarUpa hai| moha aura mamatA ke kohare meM hamArA vaha paramAtma svarUpa chupa gayA hai| jaise bAdaloM ke AvaraNa meM sUrya kA prakAzapuMja chipa jAtA hai aura andhakAra ghira jAtA hai, usI prakAra moha-mamatA aura rAga-dveSa rUpI AvaraNa se AtmA kA ananta Ananda svarUpa tirohita ho jAtA hai aura jIva duHkha aura pIr3A se bhara jAtA hai| AtmA aura paramAtmA meM svaspataH koI bheda nahIM hai| dhAna aura cAvala eka hI hai, antara mAtra itanA hai ki eka AvaraNa sahita hai aura dUsarA niraavrnn| isI prakAra AtmA aura paramAtmA eka hI hai, pharka kevala karma rUpa AvaraNa kA hai| jisa prakAra dhAna ke sumadhura bhAta kA AsvAdana tabhI prApta ho sakatA hai jaba usakA chilakA utAra diyA jAve, usI prakAra apane hI paramAtma svaspa kI anubhUti tabhI sambhava hai, jaba hama apanI cetanA se moha-mamatA aura rAga-dveSa kI khola ko utAra phekeN| chilake-sahita dhAna ke samAna moha-mamatA kI khola meM jakar3I huI cetanA baddhAtmA hai aura chilake-rahita zuddha zubhra cAvala ke rUpa meM nirAvaraNa zuddha cetanA paramAtmA hai| kahA hai -- siddhA jaiso jIva hai, jIva soya siddha hoy| karma maila kA AMtarA, bUjhe biralA koy|| moha-mamatA rUpI parade ko haTAkara usa pAra rahe hue apane hI paramAtma svarUpa kA darzana sambhava hai| hameM prayatna paramAtmA ko pAne kA nahIM, isa parade ko haTAne kA karanA hai, paramAtmA to upasthita hai hii| hamArI galatI yahI hai ki hama paramAtmasvarUpa ko prApta karanA to cAhate haiM, kintu isa AvaraNa ko haTAne kA prayAsa nahIM krte| hamAre prayatnoM kI dizA yadi sahI ho to apane meM hI nihita paramAtmA kA darzana dUra nahIM hai| hamArA durbhAgya to yahI hai ki Aja svAmI hI dAsa banA huA hai| hameM apanI hastI kA ahasAsa hI nahIM hai| kisI urdU zAyara ne ThIka hI kahA hai -- insA kI badabakhtI aMdAja se bAhara hai| kamabakhta khudA hokara baMdA najara AtA hai|| jainadharma meM paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA eka Adarza pumpa ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| paramAtmA
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana to kisI ko mukti detA hai aura na daNDa hii| paramAtmA kI stuti kA prayojana mAtra apane zuddha svarUpa kA bodha karanA hai| jainadarzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue upAdhyAya devacandrajI likhate haiM : aja-kula-gata kezarI lahare, nija pada siMha nihaar| tima prabhu bhakti bhavI lahere, Atama zakti sNbhaar|| jisa prakAra aja kula meM pAlita siMhazAvaka vAstavika siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka paramAtmA ke guNakIrtana yA stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI zodha kara letA hai, svayaM meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko prakaTa kara letA hai| jaina sAdhanA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAna kI stuti prasupta antazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai aura hamAre sAmane sAdhanA ke Adarza kA eka jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha usa Adarza kI prApti ke lie preraNA bhI banatI hai| phira bhI jaina mAnyatA to yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayaM pApa se mukta hone kA prayatna na karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti kI prArthanA karanA jaina-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai| aisI vivekazanya prArthanAoM ne mAnava jAti ko saba prakAra se hIna, dIna evaM parApakSI banAyA hai| jaba manuSya kisI aise uddhAraka meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai, jo usakI stuti se prasanna hokara use pApa se ubAra legA to aisI niSThA se sadAcAra kI mAnyatAoM ko gaharA dhakkA lagatA hai| jaina vicArakoM kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala paramAtmA kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki manuSya svayaM usake lie prayAsa na kre| mukti yA paramAtma dazA kI prApti ke liye sAdhanA apekSita hai| trividha sAdhanAmArga jainadarzana meM mokSa kI prApti ke lie trividha sAdhanAmArga batAyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM samyak-jJAna, samyak-darzana aura samyak-cAritra ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyak-jJAna, samyak-darzana, samyak-cAritra aura samyak-tapa aise caturvidha mokSamArga kA bhI vidhAna hai, kintu jaina AcAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAvacAritra meM karake isa trividha sAdhanA mArga ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| kucha bhAratIya vicArakoM ne isa trividha sAdhanAmArga ke kisI eka hI pakSa ko mokSa kI prApti kA sAdhana mAna liyA hai| AcArya zaMkara mAtra jJAna se aura rAmAnuja mAtra bhakti se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| lekina jaina dArzanika aisI kisI ekAntavAditA meM nahIM girate haiN| unake anusAra to jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI samaveta sAdhanA hI mokSa kI prApti kA mArga hai| inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayanamatra ke anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa samyaka nahIM hotA hai aura samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM mukti bhI nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra mukti kI prApti ke lie tInoM hI aMgoM kA honA Avazyaka hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina samyaka-darzana -- jaina paramparA meM samyak-darzana Atma-sAkSAtkAra, tattvazraddhA, antarbodha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA aura bhakti Adi aneka arthoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| samyak-darzana ko cAhe yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tattvArtha zraddhA, usameM vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se adhika antara nahIM hotA hai| antara hotA hai unakI upalabdhi kI vidhi meN| eka vaijJAnika svataH prayoga ke AdhAra para kisI satya kA udghATana kara vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, kintu dUsarA vaijJAnikoM ke kathanoM para vizvAsa karake vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| yadyapi yahA~ donoM kA hI dRSTikoNa yathArtha hogA, phira bhI eka ne svAnubhUti se pAyA hai to dUsare ne use zraddhA ke mAdhyama se| zraddhA hI samyakdRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha antima nahIM hai, antima artha svAnubhUti hI hai aura yahI samyaka-darzana kA vAstavika artha hai| aisA samyagdarzana hotA hai nirvikAra, nirAkula cittavRti se| jainadharma meM samyak-darzana ke nimna pA~ca lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM -- 1. sama arthAt samabhAva, 2. saMvega arthAt AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhUti athavA satyAbhIpsA, 3. nirveda arthAt anAsakti yA vairAgya, 4. anukampA arthAt dUsare vyakti kI pIr3A ko Atmavat samajhanA aura usake prati karuNA kA bhAva rakhanA aura 5. Astikya arthAt puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karma-siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karanA / jisa prakAra bauddha-sAdhanA ke anusAra duHkha hai, duHkha kA kAraNa hai, duHkha se nivRtti ho sakatI hai aura duHkhanivRtti kA mArga hai -- ina cAra Arya-satyoM kI svIkRti samyagdRSTi hai, usI prakAra jaina-sAdhanA ke anusAra SaT sthAnakoM (chaha bAtoM) kI svIkRti samyAdarzana hai -- (1) AtmA hai, (2) AtmA nitya hai, (3) AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai, (4) AtmA kRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai, (5) AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai aura (6) mukti kA upAya (mArga) hai| jaina tattva-vicAraNA ke anusAra ina SaTsthAnakoM para dRr3ha pratIti, samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai| dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhatA evaM sadAcAra donoM hI ina para nirbhara hai, ye SaTsthAnaka jena-sAdhanA ke kendra bindu haiN| samyaka-jJAna -- dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi para hI jJAna kI samyaktA nirbhara karatI hai| ataH jaina sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai samyak jnyaan| samyak jJAna ko mukti kA sAdhana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, lekina kauna sA jJAna mukti ke lie Avazyaka hai, yaha vicAraNIya hai| jainadarzana meM samyaka jJAna ke do rUpa pAye jAte haiN| sAmAnya dRSTi se samyak jJAna vastutattva kA usake ananta pahaluoM se yukta jJAna hai aura isa rUpa meM vaha vicAra zuddhi kA mAdhyama hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ekAMgIjJAna mithyAtva hai kyoMki vaha satya ke ananta pakSoM kA apalApa karatA hai| jaba taka Agraha buddhi hai taba taka vItarAgatA sambhava hI nahIM hai aura jaba taka vItarAga dRSTi nahIM hai taba taka yathArtha jJAna bhI asambhava hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra satya ke ananta pahaluoM ko jAnane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi samyak jJAna kI anivArya zarta hai| ekAnta dRSTi yA vaicArika Agraha apane meM nihita rAga ke kAraNa satya ko raMgIna kara detA hai| ataH ekAnta aura Agraha satya ke
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________________ jainadarzana : eka anucintana sAkSAtkAra meM bAdhaka haiN| jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vItarAgatA ko upalabdha karane ke lie vaicArika Agraha kA parityAga aura anAgrahI dRSTi kA nirmANa Avazyaka hai aura isake mAdhyama se prApta jJAna hI samyak jJAna hai| samyagjJAna kA artha hai vastu ko usake ananta pahaluoM se jaannaa| jainadharma meM samyak-jJAna kA artha Atma-anAtma kA viveka bhI hai| yaha sahI hai ki Atmatattva ko jJAna kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, use jJAtA-jJeya ke dvaita ke AdhAra para nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha svayaM jJAna-svarUpa hai, jJAtA hai aura jJAtA kabhI jJeya nahIM bana sakatA, ataH AtmajJAna durUha hai| lekina anAtma tattva to aisA hai jise hama jJAtA aura jJeya ke dvaita ke AdhAra para jAna sakate haiN| sAmAnya vyakti bhI apane sAdhAraNa jJAna ke dvArA itanA to jAna hI sakatA hai ki usake jJAna ke viSaya kyA haiM ? aura isase vaha yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakatA hai ki jo usake jJAna ke viSaya haiM, ve usake svasvarUpa nahIM haiM, ve anAtma hai| samyagjJAna Atma-jJAna hai, kintu AtmA ko anAtma ke mAdhyama se hI pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| anAtma ke svarUpa ko jAnakara anAtma se Atma kA bheda karanA yahI bheda vijJAna hai aura yahI jainadarzana meM samyak jJAna kA mUla artha hai| jainoM kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM ise bheda- vijJAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya amRtacandra sUri ke anusAra jo koI siddha hai ve isa Atma-anAtma ke viveka yA bheda-vijJAna se hI siddha hue haiM aura jo bandhana meM haiM, ve isake abhAva ke kAraNa hI haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM isa bheda vijJAna kA atyanta gahana vivecana kiyA hai| samyaka-cAritra -- jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA kA tIsarA caraNa samyaka-cAritra hai| isake do rUpa mAne gae haiM 1. vyavahAracAritra aura 2.nishcycaaritr| AcaraNa kA bAhya pakSa yA AcaraNa ke vidhi-vidhAna vyavahAracAritra kahe jAte haiN| jabaki AcaraNa kI antarAtmA nizcayacAritra kahI jAtI hai| vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prazna hai, nizcayAtmakacAritra hI usakA mUlabhUta AdhAra hai| lekina jahA~ taka sAmAjika jIvana kA prazna hai, cAritra kA bAhya pakSa hI pramukha hai| nizcaya dRSTi (Real view point) se cAritra kA saccA artha samabhAva yA samatva kI upalabdhi haiN| vastutaH cAritra kA yaha pakSa Atma-ramaNa kI sthiti hai| naizcayika cAritra kA prAdurbhAva kevala apramatta avasthA meM hI hotA hai| apramatta cetanA kI avasthA meM hone vAle sabhI kArya zuddha hI mAne gae haiN| cetanA meM jaba rAga-dveSa, kaSAya aura vAsanAoM kI agni pUrI taraha zAnta ho jAtI hai tabhI sacce naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kA udbhava hotA hai aura aisA hI sadAcAra mokSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| vyavahAracAritra kA sambandha AcAra ke niyamoM ke paripAlana se hai| vyavahAracAritra ko sarvavratI aura dezavratIcAritra -- aise do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| dezavratIcAritra kA sambandha gRhastha upAsakoM se aura sarvavratIcAritra kA sambandha zramaNa varga se hai| jaina-paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra ke antargata aSTamUlaguNa, SaTkarma, bAraha vrata aura gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana AtA hai| zramaNAcAra ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, rAtri bhojana-nipedha, paMcasamiti, tIna gupti, dasa yatidharma, bAraha anuprekSAe~, bAIsa parIpaha, aTThAisa mUlaguNa, bAvana anAcAra Adi kA vivecana
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina upalabdha hai| kintu isa sabake mUla meM ahiMsA, anekAMta aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA hI mukhya hai| jainadharma ke kendrIya tattva : ahiMsA, anAgraha aura aparigraha jainadharma meM samyak-cAritra kI dRSTi se ahiMsA aura anAsakti ye do kendrIya siddhAnta haiN| vaicArika kSetra meM ahiMsA aura anAsakti milakara anAgraha yA anekAntavAda ko janma dete haiN| Agraha vaicArika Asakti hai aura ekAnta vaicArika hiNsaa| anAsakti kA siddhAnta hI ahiMsA se samanvita ho sAmAjika jIvana meM aparigraha kA Adeza prastuta karatA hai| saMgraha vaiyaktika jIvana ke sandarbha meM Asakti aura sAmAjika jIvana ke sandarbha meM hiMsA hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana sAmAjika naitikatA ke tIna kendrIya siddhAnta prastuta karatA hai:- 1. ahiMsA, 2. anAgraha (vaicArika sahiSNutA) aura 3. aparigraha (asNgrh)| samyak AcaraNa eka prakAra se jIvana zuddhi kA prayAsa hai, ataH mAnasika karmoM kI zuddhi ke lie anAsakti (aparigraha ), vAcika karmoM kI zuddhi ke lie anekAnta (anAgraha ) aura kAyika karmoM kI zuddhi ke lie ahiMsA ke pAlana kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana kA sAra inhIM tIna siddhAntoM meM nihita hai| jainadharma kI paribhASA karane vAlA yaha zloka sarvAdhika pracalita hI hai-- syAdAdo vati'smina pakSapAto na vidyte| nAstyanyaM pIr3anaM kiMcita jainadharmaH sa ucyte|| saccA jaina vahI hai jo pakSapAta (samatva) se rahita hai, anAgrahI aura ahiMsaka hai| ahiMsA -- ahiMsA jaina AcAra-darzana kA prANa hai| ahiMsA vaha dhurI hai jisa para samagra jaina AcAra-vidhi ghUmatI hai| jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA ko bhagavatI kahA gayA hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki bhayabhItoM ko jaise zaraNa, pakSiyoM ko jaise gagana, tRSitoM ko jaise jala, bhUkhoM ko jaise bhojana, samudra ke madhya jaise jahAja, rogiyoM ko jaise auSadha aura vana meM jaise sArthavAha kA sAtha AdhArabhUta hai, vaise hI ahiMsA prANiyoM ke lie AdhArabhUta hai| ahiMsA sabhI prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai| vaha zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA upadeza tIrthaMkara karate haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -- bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke sabhI arhat yaha upadeza karate haiM ki kisI bhI prANa, pUta, jIva aura sattva ko kisI prakAra kA paritApa, udvega yA duHkha nahIM denA cAhie, na kisI kA hanana karanA caahie| yahI zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai| samasta loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara arhatoM ne isakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke anusAra jJAnI hone kA sAra yaha hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kre| ahiMsA hI samagra dharma kA sAra hai, ise sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA caahie| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM ke hita sAdhana meM ahiMsA ke sarvazreSTha hone se mahAvIra ne isako prathama sthAna diyA hai| ahiMsA ke samAna dUsarA dharma nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai| ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI manovaijJAnika satya hai|
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________________ 1 astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA hai| vastutaH ahiMsA jIvana ke prati sammAna, samatvabhAva evaM advaitabhAva hai / samatvabhAva se sahAnubhUti tathA advaitabhAva se AtmIyatA utpanna hotI hai aura inhIM se ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai| vastutaH prANiyoM ke jIvita rahane kA naitika adhikAra hI ahiMsA ke kartavya ko janma detA hai| jIvana ke adhikAra kA sammAna hI ahiMsA hai uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samatva ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki bhaya aura vaira se mukta sAdhaka, jIvana kI icchA rakhane vAle sabhI prANiyoM ko sarvatra apanI AtmA ke samAna jAna kara unakI kabhI bhI hiMsA na kre| isa prakAra jainadharma meM ahiMsA kA AdhAra Atmavat dRSTi hI hai| Aja vizva zAnti kA eka mAtra vikalpa ahiMsA kI samaveta sAdhanA hai / mahAvIra ne kahA thA-- 'zastra eka se bar3ha kara eka ho sakate haiM, kintu ahiMsA (azastra) se bar3hakara kucha nahIM hai|' -19 12 anAgraha anAgraha yA anekAnta kA siddhAnta vaicArika ahiMsA hai| anAgraha apane vicAroM kI taraha dUsare ke vicAroM kA sammAna karanA sikhAtA hai| vaha usa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai ki satya mere pAsa hai, dUsare ke pAsa nahIM ho sktaa| vaha hameM yaha batAtA hai ki satya hamAre pAsa bhI ho sakatA hai aura dUsare ke pAsa bhI / satyatA kA bodha hameM hI ho sakatA hai, kevala dUsaroM ko satya kA bodha nahIM ho sakatA yaha kahane kA hameM adhikAra nahIM hai| satya kA sUrya na kevala hamAre ghara ko prakAzita karatA hai varan dUsaroM ke gharoM ko bhI prakAzita karatA hai / vastutaH vaha sarvatra prakAzita hai| jo bhI unmukta dRSTi se use dekha pAtA hai, vaha use pA jAtA hai / satya kevala satya hai, vaha na merA hai aura na dUsare kA hai| jisa prakAra ahiMsA kA siddhAnta kahatA hai ki jIvana jahA~ kahIM ho, usakA sammAna karanA cAhie, usI prakAra anAgraha kA siddhAnta kahatA hai ki satya jahA~ bhI ho, usakA sammAna karanA caahie| vastutaH pakSAgraha kI dhAraNA se vivAda kA janma hotA hai / vyakti jaba sva-mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI ninda karatA hai, to pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgharSa kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| vaicArika Agraha na kevala vaiyaktika vikAsa ko kuNThita karatA hai, varan sAmAjika jIvana meM vigraha, viSAda aura vaimanasya ke bIja bo detA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jo apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare mata kI nindA karane meM hI apanA pANDitya dikhAte haiM aura loka ko satya se bhaTakAte haiM, ve ekAntavAdI svayaM saMsAracakra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| vastutaH jahA~ bhI Agrahabuddhi hogI, vipakSa meM nihita satya kA darzana sambhava nahIM hogA aura jo vipakSa meM nihita satya nahIM dekhegA vaha sampUrNa satya kA draSTA nahIM hogaa| jainadharma ke anusAra satya kA prakaTana Agraha meM nahIM, anAgraha meM hotA hai / satya kA sAdhaka vItarAga aura anAgrahI hotA hai| jainadharma apane anekAnta ke siddhAnta ke dvArA eka anAgrahI evaM samanvayAtmaka dRSTi prastuta karatA hai, tAki vaicArika evaM dhArmika asahiSNutA ko samApta kiyA jA ske| / --- jainadarzana : eka anucintana 1. anAsakti vyakti ke andara nihita Asakti do rUpoM meM prakaTa hotI hai saMgraha - bhAvanA aura 2. bhoga- bhAvanA / saMgraha - bhAvanA aura bhoga- bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI --
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina manuSya dUsaroM ke adhikAra kI vastuoM kA apaharaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra Asakti bAhyataH tIna rUpoM meM prakaTa hotI hai -- 1. apaharaNa (zoSaNa), 2. bhoga aura 3. saMgraha / Asakti ke tIna rUpoM kA nigraha karane ke lie jaina AcAradarzana meM asteya, brahamacarya aura aparigraha mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai| saMgraha-vRtti kA aparigraha se, bhogavRtti kA brahmacarya se aura apaharaNavRtti kA asteya mahAvrata se nigraha hotA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jisa aparigraha ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA, usake mUla meM yahI anAsakti kI jIvana dRSTi kArya kara rahI hai| yadyapi Asakti eka mAnasika tathya hai, mana kI hI eka vRtti hai, tathApi usakA prakaTana bAhya hai| vaha sAmAjika jIvana ko dUSita karatI hai| ataH Asakti ke prahANa ke lie vyAvahArika rUpa meM parigraha kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai| parigraha yA saMgrahavRtti sAmAjika hiMsA hai| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM samagra parigraha hiMsA se pratyutpanna hai| kyoMki binA hiMsA (zoSaNa ) ke saMgraha asambhava hai| vyakti saMgraha ke dvArA dUsaroM ke hitoM kA hanana karatA hai aura isa rUpa meM saMgraha yA parigraha hiMsA kA hI eka rUpa hai| anAsakti ko jIvana meM utArane ke lie jaina AcAryoM ne yaha Avazyaka mAnA ki manuSya bAhaya-parigraha kA bhI tyAga yA parisImana kre| parigraha-tyAga anAsakta dRSTi kA bAhaya jIvana meM diyA gayA pramANa hai| eka ora vipula saMgraha aura dUsarI ora anAsakti, ina donoM meM koI mela nahIM hai| yadi mana meM anAsakti kI bhAvanA kA udaya hai to use bAhya vyavahAra meM anivArya rUpa se prakaTa honA caahie| jainadarzana ke anusAra samavibhAga aura samavitaraNa sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai| isake binA AdhyAtmika upalabdhi bhI saMbhava nhiiN| ataH jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanA kI dRSTi se aparigraha ko anivArya eka tattva mAnA hai| isa prakAra vRtti meM anAsakti, vicAra meM anekAnta aura vyavahAra meM ahiMsA jaina sAdhanA kA sAra hai| jaina sAdhaka sadaiva hI yaha prArthanA karatA hai -- satveSu maitrI, guNISu pramodaM, kliSTesu jIveSu kRpaaprtvN| mAdhyasthabhAvaM vIparItavRtau sadAmamAtmA viddhAtu dev|| he prabhu ! mere hRdaya meM prANi mAtra ke prati maitrIbhAva, guNIjanoM ke prati samAdarabhAva, duHkhiyoM ke prati karuNAbhAva aura virodhiyoM ke pratimadhyastha bhAva banA rhe| -pro. sAgaramala jaina
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana aura darzana bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma bauddhika jAgaraNa ke yuga meM huA thaa| usa yuga meM bhArata meM hamAre aupaniSadika RSi nita - nUtana cintana prastuta kara rahe the| mahAvIra aura buddha bhI usI vaicArika krAMti ke krama meM Ate haiN| lekina prazna yaha uThatA hai ki mahAvIra kI vizeSatA kyA thI ? buddha kI vizeSatA kyA thI ? yaha eka sunizcita tathya hai ki koI bhI mahApuruSa apane yuga kI paristhitiyoM kI paidAiza hotA hai| mahAvIra aura buddha jaba isa bhUmaNDala para Aye unake sAmane do prakAra kI samasyAe~ thiiN| eka ora vaicArika saMgharSa thA dUsarI ora manuSya apanI mAnavIya garimA aura mUlyavattA ko bhUlatA jA rahA thA / mahAvIra ne jo mukhya kArya kiyA vaha yaha ki unhoMne manuSya ko usakI vismRta mahattA yA garimA kA bodha kraayaa| agara mahAvIra ke jIvana darzana ko do zabdoM meM kahanA ho to hama kaheMge vicAra meM udAratA aura AcAra meM kaThoratA / - DaoN. sAgaramala jaina vaicArika kSetra meM mahAvIra kI jIvana dRSTi jitanI udAra, sahiSNu aura samanvayavAdI rahI, AcAra ke kSetra meM mahAvIra kA darzana utanA hI kaThora rhaa| mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sandarbha meM hamAre sAmane eka bAta bahuta hI spaSTa hai, vaha yaha ki vaha vyakti rAja parivAra meM, sampanna parivAra meM janma letA hai lekina phira bhI vaha usa sAre vaibhava ko ThukarA detA hai aura zramaNa jIvana aMgIkAra kara letA hai| Akhira aisA kyoM karatA hai ? usake pIche kyA uddezya hai ? kyA mahAvIra ne yaha socakara saMnyAsa le liyA ki zramaNa yA saMnyAsI hokara hI mukti prApta kI jA sakatI ? aisI bAta nahIM thI, kyoMki mahAvIra ne svayaM hI AcArAMga meM kahA hai "gAme vA raNe vA" dharma sAdhanA gAMva meM bhI ho sakatI hai aura araNya meM bhI ho sakatI hai| phira mahAvIra ne saMnyAsa kA mArga kyoM cunA ? uttara spaSTa hai "samicca loe kheyanne paveie" samasta loka kI pIr3A ko jAnakara aura jagat ko duHkha aura pIr3A se mukta karane ke lie mahAvIra ne saMnyAsa dhAraNa kiyaa| ve apane vaiyaktika jIvana se eka aisA Adarza pratiSThita karanA cAhate the, jise sammukha rakhakara ke vyakti mAnavatA ke kalyANa kI dizA meM Age bar3ha sakatA hai / sambhavataH prazna yaha ho sakatA hai ki lokamaMgala aura lokakalyANa ke lie zramaNatva kyoM Avazyaka hai ? mitroM ! hama Aja ke yuga meM bhI dekhate haiM ki jaba taka vyakti kahIM bhI apane nijI svArthoM se aura vaiyaktika tathA pArivArika kalyANa se jur3A hotA hai taba taka vaha samyak rUpa se lokakalyANa kA sampAdana nahIM kara sktaa| cAhe Apa usako lokakalyANa adhikArI kyoM nahIM banA deM kyA vaha lokakalyANa kara sakegA ? vyakti jaba taka apane svArthoM evaM hitoM se Upara nahIM uTha jAtA hai, taba taka vaha lokamaMgala kA sRjana nahIM kara sakatA /
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________________ 15 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana aura darzana lokamaMgala ke sRjana ke lie nijI sukhAkAMkSAoM se, svArthoM se, ahama se, maiM aura mere ke bhAva se Upara uThanA Avazyaka hotA hai| isIlie cAhe ve mahAvIra hoM yA cAhe buddha hoM yA anya koI, lokamaMgala ke lie to apane Apako pUrI taraha se laukika aiSaNAoM, vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM se Upara uThAnA hogaa| mamatva aura merepana ke ghere ko samApta karanA hogaa| mahAvIra ke sambandha meM jo bAta maiM Apake sAmane prastuta karane jA rahA hU~ usameM mukhya hai mahAvIra kI vaicArika udaartaa| samAja meM agara koI saMgharSa hai to usa saMgharSa kA samAdhAna vaicArika udAratA ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| vicAroM ke prati bhI mamatva yA Agraha ko samApta karanA hogaa| isalie mahAvIra ne to kabhI yaha bhI nahIM kahA ki maiM kisI navIna dharma kA pravartana kara rahA hU~ na koI navIna siddhAnta tumheM de rahA huuN| mahAvIra ne vinaya bhAva se yahI kahA ki -- "samiyAe Ayarie dhamme paveie" AryajanoM ke samabhAva meM dharma kahA hai| mahAvIra kI isa vinamratA aura udAratA ko samajhiye aura usase preraNA lijiye| AcArAMga meM ve kahate haiM -- "je arahantA bhagavantA paDipunnA, je vA AgamissA, je vA Asi te savve imaM bhAsaMti, paruti savve sattA na hantavvA, esa dhammo suddho Nicco saasyo|" jo arahaMta ho cuke haiM, jo hoMge aura jo haiM, ve saba eka hI bAta kahate haiM ki kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha yA pIr3A nahIM denA caahie| yahI zuddha nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai| isalie merA nivedana hai ki mahAvIra ko kisI dharma vizeSa ke sAtha bA~dhe nhiiN| unako kisI eka dharma aura sampradAya ke sAtha bA~dha karake hama unake sAtha nyAya nahIM kara paayeNge| mujhe Azcarya lagatA hai ki jaba vidvAna yaha kahate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jaina dharma ke pravartaka haiN| mitroM vicAra kreN| yaha jaina zabda kaba kA hai ? chaThI zatAbdI ke pahale hameM "jaina" zabda kA kahIM ullekha hI nahIM miltaa| jaba bhI mahAvIra se koI unakA paricaya pUchatA thA to ve kahate the -- maiM zramaNa hU~, nirgantha huuN| nirgantha kauna ho sakatA hai ? mahAvIra kahate the "je maNaM parijANai se nirganthe -- jo mana kA draSTA hai vahI nirgantha hai| mahAvIra apane Apako kisI ghere meM bAMdha karake khar3A honA hI nahIM cAhate the| jo bhI mana kA draSTA hai, jo apane vicAroM kA, vikAroM kA aura apanI vAsanAoM kA sAkSI hai, draSTA hai vahI nirgantha hai| apane hRdaya kI granthi ko dekha lenA, yahI nirgantha kI pahacAna hai| unakI sAdhanA yAtrA prArambha hotI thI antaradarzana se, andara jhAMkane se| yahI unakA Atmadarzana thaa| mahAvIra ne jo sikhAyA vaha yahI ki vyakti apane andara dekheM, apane Apako prkhe| kyoMki yahI vaha mArga thA jo ki vyakti ko apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM le jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne sampUrNa jIvana meM jo kucha kahA aura jo kucha kiyA usakA mUlabhUta sAra tattva yahI hai| mahAvIra jIvana paryanta yahI kahate rahe -- jJAtA aura draSTA bnoN| yahI vaha mUla AdhAra hai jahA~ sthita hokara Atma vizleSaNa ke dvArA hama apanI aura samAja kI sArI samasyAoM ko samajha sakate haiN| Aja hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hama apane bhItara ke vAsanAoM
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 16 aura kaSAyoM ke kUr3e-kacare ko na dekhakara, apitu usa para sunahalA AvaraNa DAla karake apanA jIvana vyavahAra calAnA cAhate haiN| isake kAraNa na kevala hamArA jIvana viSAkta banatA hai apitu sAmAjika pariveza bhI viSAkta banatA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki jaba taka tuma apane Apako vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM se Upara nahIM uThA sakate taba taka tuma lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA nahIM kara skte| hama jAnate haiM ki mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAr3he bAraha varSa kaThora sAdhanA ke varSa haiN| una varSoM meM unhoMne koI upadeza nahIM diyaa| jainoM kI eka paramparA to yahA~ taka kahatI hai ki usake bAda bhI bhagavAn bole nhiiN| lekina Aja hama saba adhika mukhara ho gaye haiN| hama bolate adhika haiM aura karate kama haiN| mahAvIra ne bolA bahuta alpa aura kiyA bahuta adhik| mahAvIra kA darzana thA ki yadi Apa apane jIvana ko pariSkArita kara lete haiM to ApakA jIvana hI bolegaa| aise vyakti ke lie zAbdika upadeza dene kI bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki usakI jIvana zailI hI upadeza hai| Aja hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hamArA jIvana nahIM bolatA hai, hama mAtra upadeza dete haiN| mahAvIra ke jIvana aura darzana meM kitanI vyApakatA evaM udAratA thI, isakI kalpanA hama mahAvIra ko jaina dharma ke caukhaTe meM khar3A karake nahIM dekha skte| buddha aura mahAvIra donoM ke sAtha sambhavataH yaha anyAya huA hai ki eka varga vizeSa ne jaba unheM apanA liyA to dUsare varga ne unase apanA sambandha viccheda kara liyaa| agara hama jainadharma aura bauddhadharma ke prAcInatama svarUpa ko dekheM to jJAta hogA ki mahAvIra aura buddha bhArata kI usI RSi paramparA ke aMga hai, jinake ullekha vaidika paramparA ke upaniSadoM meM jaina paramparA ke RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana meM tathA bauddha paramparA ke theragAthA aura suttanipAta meM milate haiN| mujhe apane adhyayana ke daurAna RSibhASita ke adhyayana kA saubhAgya milA hai| prAkRta kA yaha grantha, jo kisI samaya jaina Agama sAhitya kA eka bhAga thA, zatAbdiyoM se jainoM meM bhI upekSita banA rhaa| jahA~ usameM nirgantha paramparA ke pArzva aura mahAvIra ke vacanoM kA saMkalana hai, vahIM usameM aupaniSadika paramparA ke nArada, aruNa, uddAlaka aura bhAradvAja Adi kA, bauddha paramparA ke vajjIputta aura sAriputta, mahAkAzyapa Adi kA tathA anya zramaNa paramparAoM ke maMkhalIgozAla, saMjaya velaTThIputta Adi kA bhI ullekha hai| una sabake lie 'arhat isI vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| granthakAra ke lie mahAvIra bhI arhat RSi haiM to uddAlaka Adi bhI arhat RSi haiN| yadi Apa usa grantha ko par3he to Apako yaha spaSTa laga sakatA hai ki vaha grantha kisI paramparA ke Agraha se jur3A huA nahIM hai| mahAvIra ne jo vaicArika udAratA dI thI usI kA pariNAma yaha grantha thaa| sambhavataH jo durbhAgya pratyeka mahApuruSa ke sAtha hotA hai, vahI mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI ghaTita huaa| kucha loga unake AsapAsa gherA banA karake khar3e ho gaye aura isa prakAra ve samAja ke anya vargoM se kaTa gye| agara hama Aja bhI bhAratIya cintana kI udAra cetanA ko samyak rUpa se kucha samajhanA cAhate haiM to maiM Apase kahU~gA ki hameM upaniSadoM RSibhASita aura theragAthA jaise granthoM kA niSpakSa bhAva se adhyayana karanA caahie| mitroM agara bauddha yaha samajhate
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________________ 17 gavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana aura darzana raheM ki theragAthA ke sAre " thera" bauddha the aura jaina yaha samajhate raheM ki "isibhAsiyAI" ke sAre RSi jaina the, to isase bar3I bhrAnti aura koI nahIM hogI / thera gAthA meM varddhamAna thera haiM aura yaha varddhamAna thera lichavI putra hai yaha bAta usakI aTThakathA kaha rahI hai, to kyA hama yaha mAne ki varddhamAna buddha kA ziSya yA bauddha thaa| mitroM hamArA jo prAcIna sAhitya hai vaha udAra aura vyApaka dRSTi se yukta hai aura mahAvIra ne jo hamako jIvana dRSTi dI thI vaha dRSTi thI vaicArika udAratA kI / buddha Apako maiMne apane vaktavya ke pUrva meM saMketa kiyA thA ki mahAvIra aura jisa kAla janmeM the vaha dArzanika cintana kA kAla thA / aneka mata-matAMtara, aneka dRSTikoNa, aneka vicAradhArAyeM upasthita thIM / mahAvIra aura buddha donoM ke sAmane yaha prazna thA, manuSya ina vibhinna dRSTikoNoM meM kisako satya kahe / mahAvIra ne kahA ki sabhI bAteM apane-apane dRSTikoNa yA apekSA bheda se satya ho sakatI hai, isalie kisI ko bhI galata mata kaho jabaki, buddha ne kahA ki tuma ina dRSTiyoM ke prapaMca meM mata par3o, kyoMki ye duHkha vimukti meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM I PS "sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA garahaMtA paraM vayaM / je u tattha viussaMti saMsAre te viussiyA " / / eka ne ina vibhinna dRSTiyoM se Upara uThAne kI bAta kahI to dUsare ne una dRSTiyoM ko sUtra meM pirone kI bAta kahI / sUtrakRtAgasUtra meM mahAvIra kahate haiM. samanvaya ke -- 1 jo apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA karate haiM aura dUsare ke matoM kI nindA karate haiM aura jo satya ko vidrUpita karate haiM ve saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karegeM / Aja hamAre durbhAgya se deza meM dharma ke nAma para saMgharSa ho rahe haiN| kyA vastutaH saMgharSa kA kAraNa dharma hai ? kyA dharma saMgharSa sikhAtA hai ! mitroM mUla bAta to yaha hai ki hama dharma ke utsa ko hI nahIM samajhate haiM, hama nahIM jAnate haiM ki vastutaH dharma kyA hai ? hama to dharma ke nAma para Aropita kucha karmakANDoM, kucha rUr3hiyoM yA kucha vyaktiyoM se apane ko bAMdha karake yaha kahate haiM yahI dharma hai| mahAvIra ne isa taraha ke kisI bhI dharma kA upadeza nahIM diyA / mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki "dhammo suddhassa ciTThai" dharma to zuddha citta meM rahatA hai| dharma "ujubhUyassa" citta kI saralatA meM hai| vastutaH jahA~ saralatA hai, sahajatA hai, vahIM dharma hai| dharma hai kyA ? mahAvIra ne kahA thA ki "samiyAe Ayarie dhamme pavvaiye" samabhAva meM samatva kI sAdhanA meM hI Arya janoM ne dharma kahA hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM ki jahA~ bhI samatva kI sAdhanA hai, jahA~ bhI vyaktiyoM ko tanAva se mukta karane kA koI prayatna hai, vaiyaktika jIvana aura sAmAjika jIvana se tanAva aura saMgharSa ko samApta karane kA koI prayAsa hai, vahIM dharma hai| aisA dharma cAhe Apa use jaina kaheM, bauddha kaheM, hindU kaheM vaha dharma, dharma hai aura sabhI mahApuruSa dharma ke isI utsa kA pravartana karate haiM / mahAvIra kA jo jIvana aura darzana hai vaha hamAre sAmane isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se prastuta karatA hai ki hama vaiyaktika jIvana meM vAsanAoM se Upara uTheM, apane vikAroM para niyaMtraNa kA
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 18 prayatna kareM aura sAmAjika jIvana meM lokamaMgala kI sAdhanA kreN| vaiyaktika jIvana meM vAsanAoM se zuddhi aura sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgharSoM kA nirAkaraNa ye do bAteM aisI haiM jo mahAvIra ke jIvana aura darzana ko hamAre sAmane samyak rUpa se prastuta karatI hai / ---- anekAnta kA siddhAnta spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta ko batAtA hai ki vyakti apane ko Agraha ke ghere meM khar3A na kareM / satya kA sUraja kisI eka ke ghara ko prakAzita karegA aura dUsare ke ghara ko prakAzita nahIM karegA, yaha nahIM ho sktaa| sUraja kA kAma hai prakAza denA, jo bhI apanA daravAjA, apanI chata, khulI rakha sakegA usake yahA~ sUrya kA prakAza A hI jaayegaa| mitroM ! yahI sthiti satya kI hai| yadi Apake mastiSka kA daravAjA yA khir3akI khulI hai to satya Apako Alokita karegA hii| lekina agara hamane apane AgrahoM ke daravAjoM se apanI mastiSka kI khir3akI ko banda kara liyA hai to satya kA prakAza praveza nahIM kregaa| satya na to merA hotA hai na parAyA hI / vaha sabakA hai aura vaha sarvatra ho sakatA hai| "merA satya" yaha mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM sabase bar3I bhrAnti hai / AcArya siddhasena mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM ki - "bhadaM micchAdaMsaNa samUha maiyassa amayasArassa" he prabhu mithyA darzana samUha rUpa amRtamaya Apake vacanoM kA kalyANa ho" / mahAvIra kA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai-- jo sabakA hai vahI unakA hai aura agara hama dArzanika gaharAI meM na jAyeM aura mahAvIra ke darzana ko jIvana-mUlyoM ke sAtha use jor3eM to hama pAyeMge ki vaha vaiyaktika jIvana meM aura sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgharSoM ke nirAkaraNa aura samatva kI sAdhanA kI bAta kahatA hai| "praznavyAkaraNasUtra " meM ahiMsA ke sATha nAma diye haiN| jitane sAre sadguNa haiM, ve samasta sadguNa ahiMsA meM samAhita haiN| ahiMsA aura anekAnta ye do mahAvIra ke dharma cakra ke do pahiye haiM, jinake AdhAra para dharmarUpI ratha Age bar3hatA hai| maiM aba ApakA adhika samaya nahIM lenA cAhU~gA aura anta meM yahI kahanA cAhUMgA ki agara mahAvIra ko samajhanA hai to unhoMne vaiyaktika jIvana meM jo kaThora sAdhanAe~ kI haiM unakI ora dekheM, yaha dekheM ki vAsanAoM aura vikAroM se kaise lar3e ? yadi sAmAjika jIvana ke sandarbha meM unake jIvana ko samajhanA hai to unakI vaicArika udAratA aura lokamaMgala kI kAmanA ko samajhe aura jiiyeN| sambhavataH tabhI hama mahAvIra ko samyak prakAra se samajha skegeN|
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________________ jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA - pro. sAgaramala jaina jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vivecana karane ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki bhakti' zabda kA tAtparya yA artha kyA hai aura vaha jainadharma meM kisa artha meM svIkRta hai| bhakti zabda bhaj dhAtu meM ktin pratyaya lagakara banA hai| bhaj dhAtu kA artha hai-- sevA krnaa| kintu yathArtha meM bhakti zabda kA artha isase kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| sAmAnyatayA ArAdhya yA usake vigraha kI guNasaMkIrtana, stuti, vandana, prArthanA, pUjA aura arcA ke rUpa meM jo sevA kI jAtI hai, use hama bhakti nAma dete haiN| yadyapi yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki ye saba kriyAyeM bhI taba taka bhakti nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiM, jaba taka inake mUla meM ArAdhya ke prati pUjyabuddhi, zraddhA, anurAga aura samarpaNa kA bhAva nahIM ho| jainAcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne bhakti kI vyAkhyA nimna rUpa meM kI arhadAcArya bahuzrutapravacaneSu bhAva vizuddhi yukto'nurAgo bhakti -- sarvArthasiddhi arthAt arhata, AcArya, bahuzruta evaM Agama ke prati bhAvavizuddhi pUrvaka jo anurAga hai, vaha bhakti hai| pro. rAmacandra zukla ne premapUrNa zraddhA ko bhakti kahA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise ArAdhya aura ArAdhaka ke madhya eka rAgAtmaka sambandha mAnA hai| kintu merI dRSTi meM bhakti zabda kA tAtparya ina sabase adhika hai| yaha satya hai ki bhakti kA udaya upAsya aura upAsaka yA bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca eka dUrI yA dvaita meM hI hotA hai, kintu isakI carama niSpatti isa dvaita ko samApta karane meM hI hai| jaise-jaise bhakta aura bhagavAn yA ArAdhya aura ArAdhaka ke madhya kI yaha dUrI simaTatI jAtI hai aura eka aisA samaya AtA hai jaba vyakti usa dvaita ko samApta kara svayaM meM bhagavattA kI anubhUti kara letA hai| yahI bhakti kA paripAka hai, yahA~ hI vaha pUrNatA ko prApta hotI hai| jaina dharma kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki usameM bhakti kA prayojana isa dvaita yA dUrI ko samApta karanA hI mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ke anusAra yaha dvaita taba hI samApta hotA hai, jaba bhakta svayaM bhagavAna bana jAtA hai| yadyapi hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki anIzvaravAdI evaM pratyeka AtmA kI svatantra sattA mAnane - - pro. kalyANamala lor3hA ke nirdeza se bhAratIya bhASA pariSad kalakattA dvArA prakAzya bhAratIya bhakti : tatva, darzana evaM sAhitya ke hetu likhita Alekha sAbhAra
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________________ zramaNa, apraila-jUna, 16 vAle jaina darzana meM isa dvaita ke samApta hone kA artha advaita vedAnta kI taraha bhakta kI vaiyaktika sattA kA brahma meM vilaya nahIM hai| sAtha hI jainadarzana dvaitavAdiyoM yA viziSTAdvaitavAdiyoM kI taraha yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki bhakti kI camma niSpatti meM bhI bhakta aura bhagavAna kA dvaita banA rahatA hai, cAhe vaha sArUpya mukti ko hI kyo ra prApta kara leN| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhakti kI carama niSpatti AtmA dvArA apane hI nirAvaraNa zuddha svarUpa yA paramAtma svarUpa ko prApta karanA hai-- vaha svayaM paramAtmA bana jAnA hai| vaha svayaM ke dvArA svayaM ko pAnA hai| bhakti aura prema : sAmAnyatayA bhakti meM anurAga yA prema ko eka Avazyaka tattva mAnA gayA hai| paramAtmA ke prati nizchala prema bhakti kA AdhAra hai| kintu yahAM prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki kyA vItarAgatA ke upAsaka jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha prema ko aparihArya mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki anurAga yA prema kI utkaTtA hI bhakti kA rUpa letI hai kintu eka ora rAga ke prahANa yA vItarAgadazA kI prApti kA prayAsa aM dUsarI ora anurAga yA prema kI sAdhanA -- ye donoM eka sAtha kaise sambhava hai ? vItarAgatA kA sAdhaka rAga yA anurAga se kaise jur3a sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina paramparA meM jahA~ bhakti bhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai, vahAM kisI na kisI rUpa meM tIrthaMkara prabhu ke prati prema yA anurAga kI carcA avazya huI hai| jaina paramparA meM rAga do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai -- (1) prazastarAga aura (2) aprazasta raag| yadi hama bhakti ko rAgAtmaka sambandha yA anurAga mAnate haiM to jainadharma meM bhakti kA sthAna isI prazastarAga ke arntagata ho sakatA hai| kintu aisA prazasta rAga bhI jaina sAdhanA kA Adarza nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM gautama se adhika zreSTha bhakta aura kauna ho sakatA hai? mahAvIra ke prati unakI ananya bhakti yA anurAga lokavizruta hai| kintu jaina vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki aisA prazasta rAga bhI mokSa mArga ke pathika ke lie bAdhaka hI hai| gautama kI mahAvIra ke prati yaha ananya bhakti yA rAgAtmakatA unakI mokSa prApti meM bAdhaka hI mAnI gayI hai| ve mahAvIra ke jIvita rahate vItarAgadazA yA kaivalya ko upalabdha nahIM kara ske| mahAvIra ne svayaM kahA thA ki sneha yA anurAga to mokSa mArga meM eka argalA hai ( mukkhamagga pavannAnaM sineho vajja siMkhalA-kalpasUtraTIkA, vinayavijaya, pR.120 ) / jaina paramparA meM bhakti zraddhA para AdhArita to mAnI gayI, kintu use rAga yA prema rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gyaa| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki paravartI jainAcAryoM ne bhakti ke isa rAgAtmaka svarUpa ko apanI paramparA meM sthAna diyaa| yaha bhI ThIka hai ki eka bhAvuka AdamI vAsanAtmaka prema yA aprazasta rAga se chuTakArA pAne ke lie prazasta rAga kA sahArA le, kintu antatogatvA hameM yahI mAnanA hogA ki vItarAgatA kI upAsaka jaina paramparA meM rAgAtmakatA ko bhakti kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| prema cAhe kaisA bhI ho, vaha bandhana hai ataH use atikrAnta karanA Avazyaka hai|
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________________ "pro. sAgaramala jaina zraddhA aura bhakti : bhakti meM zraddhA kA tattva pramukha hotA hai, kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki zraddhA evaM bhakti meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara bhI hai| zraddhA aura bhakti meM mukhya antara to yaha hai ki jahAM zraddhA ArAdhya athavA siddhAnta athavA donoM ke prati ho sakatI hai, vahIM bhakti sadaiva hI ArAdhya ke prati hotI hai, siddhAnta ke prati nhiiN| siddhAnta ke prati to mAtra zraddhA/AsthA hotI hai, bhakti nhiiN| kyoMki bhakti vaiyaktika (Personal) hotI hai| punaH jahAM bhakti ke lie zraddhA Avazyaka tattva hai| vahAM zraddhA ke lie bhakti Avazyaka nhiiN| apane pracalita artha kI dRSTi se zraddhA aura bhakti meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI hai ki zraddhA mAtra eka niSkriya bhAva-dazA hai, vaha kisI ke prati ananya niSThA kI dyotaka hai aura vaha niSThA siddhAnta athavA vyakti kisI ke prati bhI ho sakatI hai| zraddhA kAraNa hai, bhakti kaary| bhakti to zraddhA kI bAhyAbhivyakti hai, vaha citta kI sakriya bhAva dazA hai| pUjya-buddhi aura pUjA meM jo antara hai vahIM antara zraddhA aura bhakti meM hai| zraddhA pUjya-buddhi hai, pUjA nhiiN| pUjA pUjya-buddhi kI bAhyAbhivyakti hai| satya to yaha hai ki zraddhA jaba sakriya hokara kriyAtmaka rUpa meM bAhya jagat meM abhivyakta hotI hai, to vaha bhakti bana jAtI hai| vaha zraddhA evaM karma kA samanvaya hai| vaha zraddhA yukta karma hai| nirguNa bhakti meM bhI cAhe pratimA-pUjA yA arcA na ho, kintu nAma-smaraNa, saMkIrtana Adi karmoM tathA vihvalatA Adi bhAvoM kI bAhya abhivyakti to hai hI, zraddhA aura bhakti donoM hI vaiyaktika hai, sArvajanika nhiiN| phira bhI zraddhA nitAnta vaiyaktika hai, mAtra caittasika hai, use kisI bhI sthiti meM sAmUhika nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai, vahAM bhakti ke nAma saMkIrtana, pUjA, arcA Adi rUpoM meM bAhaya abhivyakti sambhava hone se use sAmUhika yA sArvajanika banAyA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama bhakti ke ghaTakoM kI carcA kareM to usameM zraddhA, prema, sarmapaNa, nAma-smaraNa, stuti, vigraha-pUjA aura sevA sabhI samAhita hai| isa prakAra bhakti eka vyApaka pariprekSya ko abhivyakta karatI hai| zraddhA to bhakti kA eka aMga mAtra hai, bhakti meM zraddhA Avazyaka hai, kintu zraddhA bhakti kA rUpa le hI yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| jainadharma meM jaba hama bhakti kI carcA karate haiM to hameM zraddhA evaM bhakti ke isa antara ko dRSTigata rakhanA hogaa| kyoMki jainadharma mUlataH nivRtti paraka hai, ataH usameM zraddhA kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hai| punaH jainadharma nirIzvaravAdI hai, ataH usameM zraddhA yA bhakti kA kendra sRSTikartA yA jagat niyantA Izvara na hokara zuddhAtmasvarUpa vItarAga dazA hI rahI hai| usakI zraddhA ke kendra haiM -- deva (vItarAgadazA prApta vyakti), guru aura dharma / kintu jaina dharma meM jaise hI pratIkopAsanA yA jina pratimA kI pUjA kI paramparA svIkRta huI, usameM tIrthaMkara pratimA kI upAsanA ke sAtha bhakti ke anya pakSoM kA vikAsa prArambha ho gyaa| bhArata meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa : bhAratIya dharmadarzana ke kSetra meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se upasthita rahI hai| mohanajodar3o evaM har3appA se prApta huI sIloM ke paridRzyoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya bhI mUrti pUjA yA pratIka pUjA astitva meM thI aura isa dRSTi se yaha
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________________ 22 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ki usa yuga meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA bhI upasthita thii| yadi hama vaidika sAhitya kI ora mur3ate haiM, to usameM bhI jo RgvedAdi prAcIna stara ke grantha haiM, unameM cAhe mUrti-pUjA yA vigraha-pUjA kA nirdeza nahIM ho, kintu yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahAM bhakti kI avadhAraNA pUrNatayA anupasthita hai| kyoMki Rgveda ke sUktoM meM bhI stuti sambandhI sUkta hI sarvAdhika hai| stuti ke sAtha bhI pUjya-buddhi aura zraddhA kA tattva to jur3A hI hotA hai| isalie hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika kAla meM cAhe vigraha-pUjA yA mUrti-pUjA na rahI ho, kintu zraddhA va stuti ke rUpa meM usameM bhakti kA tattva to hai hii| Age calakara aupaniSadika kAla aura vizeSa rUpa se gItA ke racanAkAla meM to hameM bhakti kI eka susthApita paramparA upalabdha hotI hai| gItA meM jina yogoM (sAdhanA-vidhiyoM) kI carcA milatI hai, usameM bhaktiyoga sabase mahattvapUrNa hai| yadyapi gItA kI jJAnayoga paraka evaM karmayoga paraka vyAkhyAe~ bhI kI gayIM, kintu yadi hama gItA kI antarAtmA meM jhAMkakara dekheM to lagatA hai ki usameM bhakti yA samarpaNa bhAva hI eka kendrIya tattva hai| karma kI niSkAmatA kA AdhAra bhI karma-phala kI AkAMkSA kA prabhu ke prati samarpaNa hI hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki gItA jJAna evaM karma ko bhI samAna rUpa se mahattva detI hai, kintu usameM inheM bhI bhakti ke kAraNa va kArya ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA jJAna, jo ki gItA ke jJAnayoga kA pratipAdya hai, antatogatvA prabhu ke prati ananya niSThA meM pariNita hotA hai| dUsarI ora gItA yahI kahatI hai ki zraddhAvAna hI prabhu ke jJAna ko prApta hotA hai (4/36) punaH gItA kA karmayoga bhI vastutaH paramAtmA ke prati na kevala karmaphala kA pUrNa samarpaNa hai apitu samarpita bhAva se usake AdezoM kA paripAlana bhI hai| gItA lokasevA ko bhI prabhu kI sevA meM afrabhAvita kara karmayoga ko bhaktiyoga banA detI hai| gItA meM jJAna vaha hai jisase bhakti kI dhArA prasUta hotI hai aura karma usa bhakti kI vyApaka bAhyAbhivyakti hai| yahI kAraNa rahA ki rAmAnuja, vallabha Adi bhaktimArgI AcAryoM ne gItA kI bhakti paraka vyAkhyA prastuta kii| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bhArata meM prArambhika kAla se lekara sUra va tulasI ke mAdhyama se Adhunika kAla taka bhakti kI eka ajasra dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI hai aura jaina paramparA bhI isase prabhAvita hotI rahI hai| jainadharma meM bhakti jainadarzana meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie bhakti ke bhAratIya pariprekSya ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jainadharma meM bhakti kA jo vikAsa huA vaha ina samasAmayika paristhitiyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM rahA hai| jainadharma kI bhakti sAdhanA meM anya paramparAoM se Aye tattva Aja isa taraha AtmasAt ho gaye haiM ki Aja unheM alaga kara pAnA bhI kaThina hai| jainadharma meM sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM jo prAcInatama sandarbha upalabdha hai, ve AcArAMga; sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana para AdhArita haiN| inameM AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM bhakti tattva anupasthita hai AcArAMga mAtra yaha batAtA hai ki merI AjJA kA pAlana dharma hai
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina (1/6/2/48) / RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana meM yadyapi zraddhA ko sthAna milA hai, kinta vaha zraddhA mAtra tattvazraddhA hai| jainadharma meM samyagdarzana, jo bhakti kA AdhAra hai, prArambha meM mAtra tattvazraddhA hI rahA hai| deva, gurU evaM dharma ke prati zraddhA yaha usakA paravartI artha vikAsa hai| purAtAttvika sAkSyoM meM to hameM mauryakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM mUrti-pUjA ke pramANa milane lagate haiN| mathurA meM to mUrti-pUjA ke paridRzya bhI aMkita hai| ataH yaha mAnane meM hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina paramparA meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA maurya kAla meM pallavita evaM vikasita huI hai| punaH isa dizA meM jo bhI sAkSya upalabdha haiM ve saba isI tathya ko saMpoSita karate haiM ki jaina dharma meM bhakti kA vikAsa apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA se prabhAvita hotA rahA hai| hindU paramparA meM bhakti ke vividha rUpoM kA jisa prakAra kramika vikAsa huA hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI bhakti kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| phira bhI jaina aura hindU dharma kI mUlabhUta dArzanika avadhAraNAoM meM jo antara hai usake AdhAra para donoM kI bhaktiyoM kI avadhAraNA meM aura usake lakSya meM bhI antara hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jahAM hindU dharma IzvaravAdI hai vahIM jainadharma nirIzvaravAdI hai| usameM sRSTi ke nirmAtA aura pAlana kartA tathA saMhAraka Izvara kI avadhAraNA pUrNataH anupasthita hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki jahAM hindU dharma kA Izvara kRpA ke mAdhyama se apane bhaktoM ke kalyANa kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai vahAM jaina dharma ke siddha paramAtmA niSkriya haiN| ve na to apane bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakate haiM aura na duSToM kA dmn| jainadharma meM bhakti kA tattva upasthita to hai, kintu vaha hindU paramparA meM upalabdha bhakti kI avadhAraNA se kiMcita bhinna hai, Age hama isa saMdarbha meM vistAra se vicAra kreNge| sAmAnyatayA jaina bhakti paramparA meM zraddhA, sarmapaNa, guNa-saMkIrtina yA bhajana, pUjA aura arcA yA sevA ke tattva upasthita rahe haiN| zraddhA usakA prasthAna-bindu hai aura sevA antima caraNa hai| zraddhA evaM sarmapaNa-bhAva usake mAnasika rUpa haiM aura sevA usakI kAyika abhivykti| aba hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki jaina dharma meM ina tattvoM kA vikAsa kaise huA ? jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kaise va. kisa rUpa meM AyIM yaha vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai AgamoM meM satthArabhakti (sUtrakRtAMga 1/14/20) 'bhatticittAoM (jJAtAdharma ) zabda milate haiN| sarvaprathama jJAtAdharma meM tIrthaMkara pada kI prApti meM sahAyaka jina 20 kAraNoM kI carcA hai unameM zruta bhakti (suyabhatti) kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isake sAtha hI usameM arahaMta, siddha, pravacana, guru, sthAvira, tapasvI Adi ke prati vatsalatA yA vallabhatA kA ullekha huA hai, jo bhakti kA hI eka rUpa hai (jJAtAdharmakathA 16/14 ) / tattvArthasUtra meM arhata, AcArya, bahuzruta evaM pravacana (zAstra) kI bhakti ko tIrthaMkaratva prApta karane ke 16 kAraNoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai (tattvArthasUtra 6/23) / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jJAtAdharmakathA aura Avazyakaniyukti (451-453) jahAM arhata, siddha, AcArya Adi ke prati vatsalatA arthAt anurAga kI bAta karate haiM, vahA~ tatvArthasUtra spaSTa rUpa se inakI bhakti kI bAta kahatA hai, kintu bhakti aura vAtsalya meM artha kI dRSTi se antara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| Age calakara to vAtsalya ko bhakti kA eka aMga mAna hI
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________________ 24 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA igayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhakti yA vAtsalya donoM kA artha zraddhAyukta sevA bhAva hI hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM sarva prathama bhakti ke phala kI carcA huii| usameM kahA gayA hai ki -- bhattIi jiNavarANaM khijjaMtI puvvasaMciyAkammA Ayaria namukkAreNa vijjA maMtA ya sijjhAMti bhattIi jiNavarANaM paramAe khINapijjadosANaM ArUgga bohilAbhaM samAhimaraNaM ca paavNti| - Avazyaka niyukti 1180-1111 / arthAt jina kI bhakti se pUrva saMcita karma kSINa hote haiM aura AcArya ke namaskAra se vidyA aura maMtra siddha hote haiN| punaH jinendra kI bhakti se rAga-dveSa samApta hokara Arogya, bodhi aura samAdhi lAbha hotA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM navadhA bhakti kA ullekha milatA hai -- zravaNaM kIrtanaM viSNo smaraNaM pAdasevanam / arcanaM vandanaM dAsyaM skhymaatmnivednm|| zrImadbhAgavata ( 7/5/23) 1. zravaNa, 2. kIrtana, 3. smaraNa, 4. pAdasevana, 5. arcana, 6. vaMdana, 7. dAsya, 8. sakhya aura 9. aatmnivedn| bhakti ke ina nava tatvoM meM kauna kisa rUpa meM jainaparamparA meM mAnya rahA hai, isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa apekSita hai| inameM se zravaNa zAstra-zravaNa yA jinavANI-zravaNa ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM sadaiva hI mAnya rahA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko kalyANa mArga aura pApa mArga kA bodha zravaNa se hI hotA hai, donoM ko sunakara hI jAnA jAtA hai (dazavaikAlika 4/34) / jahA~ taka kIrtana evaM smaraNa kA prazna hai ina donoM kA antarbhAva jaina paramparA ke stavana meM hotA hai| ise SaDAvazyako arthAt zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ke kartavyoM meM dUsarA sthAna prApta hai| pAdasevana aura vaMdana ko bhI jaina paramparA ke tRtIya Avazyaka kartavya ke rUpa meM vaMdana meM antarnihita mAnA jA sakatA hai| arcana ko jaina paramparA meM jina-pUjA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM muni ke liye bhAva-pUjA aura gRhastha ke liye dravya-pUjA kA vidhAna hai| jisa prakAra vaiSNava paramparA meM paMcopacAra pUjA aura SoDazopacAra pUjA kA vidhAna hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM aSTa-prakArI pUjA aura sataraha-bhedI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| yadyapi dAsa, sakhya evaM Atmanivedana rUpa bhakti kI vidhAoM kA spaSTa pratipAdana to prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM nahIM milatA hai kintu jinAjJA ke paripAlana, AtmAlocana tathA vAtsalya ke rUpa meM inake mUla tattva jaina paramparA meM upalabdha haiN| bhakti ke ina aMgoM kI vistRta carcA agrima paMktiyoM meM kI gaI hai| jainadharma meM zraddhA jaina paramparA meM zraddhA ke lie sAmAnyatayA samyak-darzana zabda pracalita hai| isa kA mUla artha to dekhanA yA anubhUti hI hai, kintu Age calakara jaina paramparA meM darzana zabda zraddhA ke artha meM sda ho gyaa| jaina granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki darzana zabda kA zraddhAparaka artha
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina eka paravartI vikAsa hai aura usake prakAroM ke vargIkaraNa ke pariNAma svarUpa astitva meM AyA hai| jaina dharma meM samyaka darzana ke mukhyataH do prakAra mAne gaye haiM -- nisargataH aura adhigmj| samyak darzana kA eka rUpa vaha hotA hai, jahAM sAdhaka apanI anubhUti se satya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| 'satya kA sAkSAtkAra yahI samyaka darzana kA mUla artha hai kintu yaha taba taka sambhava nahIM hai jaba taka vyakti apane ko rAga dveSa ke paMjoM se mukta nahIM kara letaa| jaba taka vyakti sAdhaka avasthA meM hai rAga-dveSa kA atikramaNa kara lenA sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka vyakti svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra na kara leM, use vItarAga paramAtmA, jinhoMne svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai, unake kathanoM para vizvAsa karanA caahie| jaina sAhitya meM samyak-darzana ke jina pAMca aMgoM kI carcA milatI hai, unameM zraddhA bhI eka hai| lagabhaga uttarAdhyayana (I.pU. 3-2rI zatI) ke kAla taka jaina paramparA meM samyak-darzana kA zraddhA paraka artha svIkAra ho cukA thaa| kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki uttarAdhyayana evaM tatvArthasUtra (I.san urI zatI) ke kAla taka jainadharma meM zraddhA tattvazraddhA thii| vaha jina yA paramAtmA ke prati zraddhA ke rUpa meM susthApita nahIM huI thii| prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM zraddhA ko tattva zraddhA yA siddhAnta ke prati niSThA ke rUpa meM hI dekhA gyaa| kintu jaba zraddhA ke kSetra meM tattva yA siddhAnta ke sthAna para vyakti ko pramukhatA dI gayI, to jina aura jina-vacana ke prati zraddhA hI samyak darzana kA pratIka mAnI gyii| Age calakara jina vacana ke prastotA guru ke prati bhI zraddhA ko sthAna milaa| isa prakAra zraddhA kA artha huA -- deva, gurU evaM dharma ke prati shrddhaa| jainasAdhanA ke kSetra meM sAmAnyatayA darzana (zraddhA) ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| kahA gayA hai dharma darzana (zraddhA) mUlaka haiN| jaba taka darzana zabda anubhUti yA dRSTikoNa kA sUcaka rahA taba taka darzana ko jJAna kI apekSA pradhAnatA milI kintu jaba darzana kA artha tattva-zraddhA mAna liyA gayA to usakA sthAna jJAna ke bAda nirdhArita huaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM jahA~ darzana kA zraddhA paraka artha kiyA gayA hai vahAM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jJAna se tattva ke svarUpa ko jAne aura darzana ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kare (28/35) / yaha satya hai ki jJAna ke abhAva meM jo zraddhA hogI usameM saMzaya kI sambhAvanA hogI aisI zraddhA aMdha-zraddhA hogii| yaha satya he ki jainoM ne zraddhA ko apane sAdhanA meM sthAna diyA kintu ve isa sandarbha meM sartaka rahe ki zraddhA ko jJAnAdhiSThita honA caahie| zraddhA prajJA aura tarka se samIkSita hokara hI samyak zraddhA bana sakatI hai (uttarAdhyayana 23/25,31) / isa prakAra jaina cintana meM bhakti ke mUla AdhAra zraddhA ke tattva ko sthAna to milA, kintu use anubhUti yA jJAna se samanvita kiyA gayA, tAki zraddhA andha-zraddhA na bana ske| jainadharma meM zraddhA mUlataH tattva-zraddhA yA siddhAnta ke prati AsthA rhii| usameM jo vaiyaktikatA kA tattva praviSTa huA aura vaha deva tathA guru ke prati zraddhA banI hai, usake mUla meM rahe hue hindU paramparA ke prabhAva ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| hindU paramparA meM jo Izvara ke prati athavA usake vacana ke rUpa meM vedAdi ke prati jo AsthA kI bAta kahI gaI thI, use jaina AcAryoM ne jina va jina-vANI ke prati zraddhA ke rUpa meM grahIta karake apanI paramparA meM sthAna diyaa| phira bhI yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa jisa rUpa meM hindUdharma meM huA, usa spa meM jainadharma meM nahIM huA hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI tAttvika
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________________ 26 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para hI apanI paramparA meM bhakti ke svarUpa ko nirdhArita kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA se bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA, kintu use apanI tattva yojanA ke caukhaTe meM prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, yadyapi kahIM-kahIM isameM skhalanA bhI huI hai| jainadharma meM stuti, guNasaMkIrtana evaM prArthanA kA prayojana : jainadharma meM bhakti ke jo dUsare rUpa stuti, guNa-saMkIrtana, prArthanA Adi haiM, unakA svarUpa vartamAna meM to bahuta kucha hindU paramparA ke samAna hI ho gayA aura jaina bhakta bhI apane prabhu se saba kucha mAMgane lagA hai| kintu apane prAthamika rUpa meM jaina stutiyoM kA hindU paramparA kI stutiyoM se eka antara rahA hai| hindU paramparA apane prAcIna kAla se hI isa tathya meM vizvAsa karatI rahI hai ki stuti yA bhakti ke mAdhyama se hama jisa prabhu kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, vaha prasanna hokara hamAre kaSToM ko miTA detA hai| usameM IzvarIya yA daivIkRpA kA tattva sadaiva hI svIkRta rahA hai| gItA meM bhakta aura bhakti ke cAra rUpoM kI carcA hai 1. arthArthI, 2. Arta, 3. jijJAsu evaM 4. jJAnI / yadyapi gItA ne jijJAsu yA jJAnI ko hI saccA bhakta nirUpita kiyA hai, kintu bhakti kA jo rUpa hindU dharma meM pracalita rahA hai, usameM IzvarIya yA daivIya kRpA kI prApti kA prayojana to sadaiva hI pramukha rahatA hai, kintu jainadharma meM usako koI khAsa sthAna nahIM hai| kyoMki jainoM kA paramAtmA kisI kA kalyANa yA akalyANa karane meM samartha nahIM hai| sAmAnyatayA vyakti duHkha yA pIr3A kI sthiti meM usase trANa pAne ke lie prabhu kI bhakti karatA hai / vaha bhakti ke nAma para bhagavAna se bhI koI saudA hI karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki yadi merI amuka manokAmanA pUrNa hogI to maiM ApakI viziSTa rUpa se pUjA karugA~ yA viziSTa prasAda samarpita kruuNgaa| jainadharma meM cU~ki prArambha se hI tIrthaMkara ko vItarAga mAnA gayA hai| ataH vaha na to bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakatA hai aura na duSToM kA saMhAra / jahA~ gItA tathA anya granthoM meM prabhu ke avataraNa kA mukhya prayojana duSToM kA saMhAra evaM dharma-mArga kI sthApanA mAnA gayA hai, vahAM jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara kA uddezya mAtra dharma- mArga kI saMsthApanA karanA hai| jainoM kA paramAtmA gItA ke paramAtmA ke samAna isa prakAra kA koI AzvAsana nahIM de pAtA hai ki tuma mere prati pUrNataH samarpita ho jAo, maiM tumheM saba pApoM se mukti duuNgaa| jainadharma meM prAcIna kAla meM stuti kA prayojana prabhu se kucha pAnA nahIM rahA hai| stuti ke prayojana ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya samantabhadra apane grantha devAgama stotra meM kahate haiM ki -- he prabhu ! na to maiM Apako prasanna karane ke lie ApakI bhakti yA pUjA karatA hU~ kyoMki maiM jAnatA hU~ ki Apa vItarAga haiM ataH merI pUjA se prasanna hone vAle nahIM haiN| isI prakAra Apa nindA karane para kupita bhI nahIM hoMge cUMki Apa vivAnta-vaira haiM, maiM to Apa kI bhakti kevala isalie karatA hU~ ki Apake puNya guNoM kI smRti se merA citta pApa rUpI mala se rahita hogA / smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina- vicAradhArA ke anusAra sAdhanA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jisakI stuti kI jAtI hai, una Adarza puruSoM se kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi kI apekSA nahIM
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 27 hotii| tIrthaMkara evaM siddha paramAtmA mAtra sAdhanA ke Adarza haiN| ve na to kisI ko saMsAra se pAra karA sakate haiM aura na unakI kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| phira bhI stuti ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka unake guNoM ke prati apanI zraddhA ko sajIva banA letA hai| sAdhaka ke sAmane unakA mahAn Adarza jIvanta rUpa meM upasthita ho jAtA hai| vaha apane hRdaya meM tIrthaMkaroM ke Adarza kA smaraNa karatA huA AtmA meM eka AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI bhAvanA prakaTa karatA hai| vaha vicAra karatA hai ki Atmatattva ke rUpa meM merI AtmA aura tIrthaMkaroM kI AtmA samAna hI hai, yadi maiM svayaM prayatna karUM, to unake samAna hI bana sakatA huuN| mujhe apane puruSArtha se unake samAna banane kA prayatna karanA caahie| jaina mAnyatA to yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se apanA AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayaM pApa se mukta hone kA prayatna na karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti kI prArthanA karanA jaina-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai| aisI viveka zUnya prArthanAoM ne mAnava jAti ko saba prakAra se hIna, dIna evaM parApekSI banAyA hai| jaba manuSya kisI aise uddhAraka meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai, jo usakI stuti se prasanna hokara use pApa se ubAra legA, to aisI niSThA se sadAcAra kI mAnyatAoM ko bhI gaharA dhakkA lagatA hai| jaina vicArakoM kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki manuSya svayaM usake lie prayAsa na kre| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara to sAdhanA mArga ke prakAzastambha haiN| jisa prakAra gati karanA jahAja kA kArya hai, usI prakAra sAdhanA kI dizA meM Age bar3hanA sAdhaka kA kArya hai| jaise prakAza-stambha kI upasthiti meM bhI jahAja samudra meM binA gati ke usa pAra nahIM pahu~catA, vaise hI kevala nAma-smaraNa yA bhakti sAdhaka ko nirvANa-lAbha nahIM karA sakatI, jaba taka ki usake lie samyak prayatna na ho| hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA lakSya AtmA ke zuddha-svarUpa kA bodha yA sAkSAtkAra hai| apane meM nihita paramAtma zakti ko abhivyakta karanA hai| AcArya kundakunda (niyamasAra 134-140) kahate haiM -- "samyagjJAna aura AcaraNa se yukta ho nirvANAbhimukha honA hI gRhastha aura zramaNa kI vAstavika bhakti hai| mukti ko prApta puruSoM ke guNoM kA kIrtana karanA vyAvahArika bhakti hai| vAstavika bhakti to AtmA ko mokSapatha meM yojita karanA hai| rAga-dveSa evaM sarva vikalpoM kA parihAra karake vizuddha Atmatattva se yojita honA hI vAstavika bhakti-yoga hai| RSabha Adi sabhI tIrthaMkara isI bhakti ke dvArA paramapada ko prApta hue haiN|" isa prakAra bhakti yA stavana mUlataH Atmabodha hai, vaha apanA hI kIrtana aura stavana hai| jaina darzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue upAdhyAya devacandrajI likhate haiM-- aja-kula-gata kezarI lahere, nija pada siMha nihaal| tima prabhu bhakti bhavI lahare, Atama zakti sNbhaal|| jisa prakAra aja kula meM pAlita siMhazAvaka vAstavika siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka tIrthaMkaroM ke guNakIrtana yA stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI zodha kara letA hai, svayaM meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko prakaTa kara letA hai|
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________________ jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jaina-sAdhanA meM bhagavAn kI stuti nirarthaka hai / jaina sAdhanA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti prasupta antazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai aura hamAre sAmane sAdhanA ke Adarza kA eka jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha usa Adarza kI prApti ke lie preraNA bhI banatI hai| jaina vicArakoM ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti ke mAdhyama se manuSya apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadyapi prayatna vyakti kA hI hotA hai, tathApi sAdhanA ke Adarza una mahApuruSoM kA jIvana usakI preraNA kA nimitta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (26/60) meM kahA hai ki stavana se vyakti kI darzana-vizuddhi hotI hai| yaha bhI kahA hai ki bhagavadbhakti ke phalasvarUpa pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| yadyapi isakA kAraNa paramAtmA kI kRpA nahIM, varan vyakti ke dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi hI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa bAta ko bar3e hI spaSTa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn ke nAma-smaraNa se pApoM kA puMja naSTa hotA hai (Avazyakaniyukti 1110 ) / AcArya vinayacandra bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM-- pApa-parAla ko puMja vaNyo ati, mAno merU aakaaro| te tuma nAma hutAzana setI, sahaja hI prajalata saaro|| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM stuti yA guNa-saMkIrtana ko pApa kA praNAzaka to mAnA gayA kintu ise IzvarI kRpA kA phala mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| jainadharma ke anusAra vyakti ke pApoM ke kSaya kA kAraNa paramAtmA kI kRpA nahIM, kintu prabhu stuti kI mAdhyama se hue usake zuddha Atma-svarUpa kA bodha hai| prabhu kI stuti ke mAdhyama se jaba sAdhaka apane zuddha AtmasvarUpa ko jAna letA hai, apanI zakti kI pahacAna letA hai to vaha jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM arthAt Atma-svabhAva meM sthita ho jAtA hai| phalataH vAsanAyeM svataH hI kSINa hone lagatI haiN| isa prakAra jainadharma meM stuti se pApoM kA kSaya aura Atma-vizuddhi to mAnI gaI kintu isakA kAraNa IzvarIya kRpA nahIM, apitu apane zuddha svarUpa kA bodha mAnA gyaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM stavana yA guNa-saMkIrtana ke rUpa meM jisa bhakti tattva kA vikAsa huA, vaha niSkAma bhakti kA hI eka rUpa thaa| jainadharma aura sakAma bhakti niSkAma bhakti kI yaha avadhAraNA Adarza hote hue bhI sAmAnyajana ke lie duHsAdhya hI hai| sAmAnyajana eka aise bhagavAna kI kalpanA karatA hai jo prasanna hokara usake duHkhoM ko dUra kara use ihalaukika sukha pradAna kara ske| yahI kAraNa rahA ki jainadharma meM stuti kI niSkAmatA dhIre-dhIre kama hotI gayI aura stutiyA~ tathA prArthanAyeM aihika lAbha ke sAtha jur3atI gyii| jaina paramparA meM stuti kA sabase prAcIna rUpa sUtrakRtAMga (I.pU.4-3zatI) ke chaThe adhyayana meM 'vIra-stuti ke nAma se upalabdha hai| isameM mahAvIra ke guNoM kA saMrkItana to hai kintu usameM kahIM bhI kucha prApta karane kI kAmanA nahI kI gaI hai| isI prakAra zakrastava arthAt indra ke
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina dvArA kI gaI tIrthaMkara kI stuti ke nAma se jAne vAle 'namotthuNaM nAmaka stotra (I.pU. urI zatI) meM bhI arahaMta evaM tIrthaMkara ke guNoM kA citraNa hote hue bhI unase kahIM koI upalabdhi kI AkAMkSA pradarzita nahIM kI gaI hai| jahA~ taka mujhe smaraNa hai, jaina paramparA meM sarva prathama paramAtmA yA prabhu se koI yAcanA kI gayI to vaha cartuviMzati stavana (I. san 1lI zatI) meM hai| isa stavana meM sarvaprathama prabhu se Arogya, bodhi aura samAdhi kI yAcanA kI gayI hai| isameM bhI bodhi evaM samAdhi to AdhyAtmika pratyaya hai, kinta Arogya ko cAhe AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM Avazyaka mAnA jAya phira bhI vaha eka laukika pratyaya hI hai| prabhu se Arogya kI kAmanA karanA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki jaina paramparA kI bhakti kI avadhAraNA meM apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA kA prabhAva AyA hai, kyoMki jaina dArzanika mAnyatAke anusAra to prabhu kisI ko Arogya bhI pradAna nahIM karatA hai| arahaMta ke rUpa meM vaha hameM mokSa-mArga yA mukti-patha kA mAtra bodha karAtA hai, use bhI cala kara pAnA to hameM hI hotA hai| ataH isa caturvizati stavana meM jo Arogya kI kAmanA hai vaha nizcita rUpa se jaina paramparA para anya paramparA ke prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| bhaviSya meM to isa prakAra anya prayatna bhI hue| jaina paramparA meM uvasaggahara stotra bhI paryApta rUpa se prasiddha hai| ise sAmAnyatayA bhadrabAhU dvitIya kI kRti mAnA jAtA hai| isameM prabhu se bhakta ko upasarga se chuTakArA dilAne kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| jina vipattiyoM kI carcA hai unameM jvara, sarpadaMza Adi bhI sammilita hai| yaha stotra isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA sakAma svarUpa bhI antatogatvA vikasita ho hI gyaa| yadyapi jaina AcAryoM ne yahA~ jina kI stuti ke sAtha pArzva-yakSa kI stuti ko bhI jor3a diyA hai| vastutaH jaba AcAryoM ne dekhA hogA ki upAsakoM ko jaina dharma meM tabhI sthita rakhA jA sakatA hai, jaba unheM unake bhautika maMgala kA AzvAsana diyA jA ske| cU~ki tIrthaMkara dvArA kisI bhI sthiti meM bhaktoM ke bhautika maMgala kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM thI, isalie tIrthaMkara ke zAsana-saMrakSaka devoM ke rUpa meM zAsana devatA ( yakSa-yakSI) kI kalpanA AyI aura isa rUpa meM hindU paramparA ke hI aneka deviyoM ko na kevala samAhita kiyA gayA, apitu yaha bhI mAnA gayA ki unakI upAsanA yA bhakti karane para ve prasanna hokara bhautika duHkhoM ko dUra karate haiN| yakSa-yakSiNiyoM ke jaina dharma meM praveza ke sAtha hI usameM hindU dharma kI karma-kANDa paraka tAMtrika upAsanA paddhati kucha saMzodhanoM evaM parivartanoM ke sAtha samAhita kara lI gii| jaina stotra sAhitya meM saMskRta meM jo sundara stutiyA~ likhI gaI unameM siddhasena divAkara kI dvAtriMzikAe~ tathA samantabhadra ke devAgama Adi stotra prasiddha haiN| saMskRta meM racita ye stutiyAM na kevala jinastuti haiM, apitu jina stuti ke byAja se pracalita dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI sundara samIkSA bhI haiN| ina stutiyoM meM jainadharma kA dArzanika svarUpa adhika ubharakara sAmane AyA hai| isalie ina stutiyoM ko bhaktiparaka kama aura darzanaparaka adhika mAnA jA sakatA hai| AThavIM-navIM zatI ke pazcAt jina bhaktiparaka stotroM kI racanA jaina paramparA meM huI, unameM bhaktAmara stotra, kalyANamaMdira stotra Adi supasiddha haiN| yadyapi ye stotra jaina paramparA meM sakAma bhakti kI avadhAraNA kI vikAsa ke bAda hI racita haiN| inameM pada-pada para laukika kalyANa kI
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________________ 30 prArthanAe~ bhI haiN| paravartI kAla meM to maru-gurjara, purAnI hindI Adi meM bahuta sI stutiyA~ likhI gaIM, jinameM AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha laukika kalyANa kI prArthanA kI gaI / yadyapi Anandaghana aura devacanda jaise kaviyoM kI caubIsiyoM bhaktirasa se ota-prota haiM / madhyakAla meM viSNusahastranAma ke samAna jaina paramparA meM bhI jinasahastranAma jaise grantha likhe ge| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM stutiyoM eva stutiparaka sAhitya kI racanA ati prAcInakAla se lekara vartamAna yuga taka jIvita rahI hai aura hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhakti gIta likhe gaye jinakA sampUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karanA isa lekha meM sambhava nahIM hai / jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA yadyapi jainadharma meM sakAma stutiyoM yA prArthanAoM ke rUpa yatra-tatra parilakSita hote haiM, kintu vItarAgatA aura mukti kI AkAMkSI jaina paramparA meM phalAkAMkSA se yukta sakAma bhakti kA koI sthAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, yaha hameM smaraNa rahanA caahie| kyoMki jaina paramparA meM phalAkAMkSA ko zalya (kAMTA ) kahA gayA hai| phalAkAMkSA sahita bhakti ko nidAna- zalya kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA yathArtha Adarza kyA rahA hai ? ise jaina kavi dhananjaya ne nimna zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai. -- iti stutiM deva vidhAya dainyAd, varaM na yAce tvamupekSako'si / chAyA taruM saMzrayataH svataH syAt kazchAyayA yAcitayA''tmalAbhaH / athAsti ditsA yadivoparodhaH tvayyeva saktAM diza bhakti buddhiM / kariSyate deva tathA kupAM me, ko vAtmapoSye sumukho na sUrIH / prabhu ! isa prakAra ApakI stuti karake maiM Apase koI varadAna nahIM mAMganA cAhatA hU~, kyoMki kucha mAMganA to eka prakAra kI dInatA hai, punaH Apa rAga-dveSa se rahita haiM, binA rAga ke kauna kisa kI AkAMkSA pUrI karatA hai, punaH chAyAvAle vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara chAyA kI yAcanA karanA to vyartha hI hai / vaha to svataH hI prApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM bhakti kA utsa to niSkAmatA hI hai / usameM sakAmatA jo tattva praviSTa huA hai, vaha hindU paramparA aura sama-sAmayika paristhitiyoM kA prabhAva hai / jaina paramparA meM stuti yA stavana kA mahattva to isI tathya se spaSTa ho jAtA hai, usameM muni athavA gRhastha ke jo dainika SaT Avazyaka kartavya batAye gae haiM, usameM dUsare krama para stuti kA nirUpaNa hai | ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki zraddhA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma meM bhakti kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa pakSa stuti bhI svIkRta rahA hai / stuti vastutaH upAsya ke guNoM kA hI saMkIrtana hai| jaina paramparA meM jo stutiyAM upalabdha haiM, unameM arahaMta, siddha yA tIrthakara ke guNoM kA saMkIrtana kiyA jAtA hai, kintu isakA mukhya uddezya to AtmA kI zuddha svabhAva dazA kI upalabdhi hI hai| saMta Anandaghana jI likhate haiM-
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 31 Apano Atama bhAvaje, eka cetanano dhAra re| avara savi sAtha saMjogathI, e nija parikara sAra re|| prabhu mukha thI ima sAMbhalI, kahai AtamarAma re| thAharai darisaNe nistarayo, mujha sIdhA savi kAma re|| -- zAMti jina stavana vaMdana vaMdana ko jaina paramparA meM muni va gRhastha donoM ke SaTa-Avazyaka kartavyoM meM tIsarA sthAna hai| puNya karma ke vivecana meM bhI namaskAra ko puNya kahA gayA hai| namaskAra yA vaMdana tabhI saMbhava hotA hai jaba usameM vaMdanIya ke prati pUjya-buddhi yA samAdara bhAva ho| isa prakAra vaMdana bhI bhakti kA hI eka rUpa hai| jainoM ke pavitra namaskAra maMtra meM pA~ca padoM ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai| ve pAMca pada haiM -- 1. arahaMta 2. siddha 3. AcArya 4. upAdhyAya aura 5. saadhu| yahAM vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya yaha hai ki isa namaskAra maMtra meM viziSTa guNoM ke dhAraNa karane vAle padoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, vyakti ko nhiiN| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM vyakti kI upAsanA ke sthAna para guNoM kI upAsanA ko pradhAnatA dI gyii| vyakti ko to guNoM ke AdhAra para hI vaMdanIya mAnA gayA hai| vaMdana meM mukhya rUpa se arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, guru evaM apane se pada, yogyatA, dIkSA Adi meM jyeSTha vyakti ko vaMdanIya mAnA jAtA hai| vaMdana kA yaha tattva eka ora vyakti ke ahaMkAra ko vigalita karane kA sAdhana hai to dUsarI ora vinaya-guNa kA bhI vikAsa karatA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki ahaMkAra ko sabhI dharma paramparAoM meM durguNa mAnA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM vinaya ko dharma kA mUla yA AdhAra kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM isa prazna para bhI gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki vaMdanIya kauna hai ? jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM jaina paramparA meM uparyukta pA~ca pada ko dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti hI vaMdanIya mAne gaye haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jina vyaktiyoM meM ina padoM ke lie varNita yogyatA kA abhAva hai ve veza yA pada sthApita ho jAne mAtra se vaMdanIya nahIM bana jaate| jaina paramparA spaSTa rUpa se zithilAcAriyoM ke vaMdana aura saMsarga kA niSedha karatI hai kyoMki inake mAdhyama se samAja meM duSpravRttiyoM ko na kevala bar3hAvA milatA hai apitu sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI zithilAcAra Ane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| ataH vaMdana kisako kiyA jAya aura kise na kiyA jAya, isa sambandha meM viveka ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vaMdana kaise kiyA jAya, isa sambandha meM bhI jaina paramparA meM vistAra se carcA upalabdha hotI hai, sAtha hI usameM sadoSa vaMdana ke doSoM kA citraNa bhI huA hai| vistArabhaya se usakI carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| jainoM ke namaskAra maMtra meM jo pA~ca pada vaMdanIya haiM unameM tIrthaMkara yA arhat ke lie kevala siddha pada vaMdanIya hotA hai| AcArya ke lie arahaMta aura siddha ye do pada vaMdanIya haiN| isI lie prAcIna abhilekhoM meM sAmAnyatayA arahaMta va siddha aise do padoM ke namaskAra kA ullekha hai| upAdhyAya ke lie arahaMta, siddha evaM AcArya -- ye tIna pada vaMdanIya hai| jabaki sAmAnya muniyoM ke lie arahaMta. siddha. AcArya, upAdhyAya aura apane se dIkSA meM jyeSTha muni isa prakAra pA~coM
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________________ 32 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA hI pada vaMdanIya hote haiN| isI prakAra gRhastha ke lie bhI uparyukta pA~coM hI pada vaMdanIya mAne gaye haiN| jaina paramparA meM jo vaMdana ke pATha upalabdha haiM unake anusAra vaMdana meM pUjya - buddhi yA sammAna kA bhAva Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| pUjya-buddhi ke abhAva meM vaMdana kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| stuti evaM vaMdana donoM meM hI guNa saMkIrtana kI bhAvanA spaSTa rUpa se jur3I hai| pUjA, arcA aura bhakti jaina paramparA meM mUrti pUjA kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se pAyI jAtI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM kI pUjA kA vidhAna AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| paravartI kAla meM zAsana-devatA ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSI evaM kSetrapAloM (bhairava) kI pUjA bhI hone lgii| jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kA nirmANa I. pU. tIsarI zatI se to spaSTa rUpa se hone laga gayA thA, kyoMki mauryakAla kI jina - pratimA upalabdha hotI hai| isase pUrva bhI nanda rAjA ke dvArA kaliMga jina kI pratimA ko uThAkara le jAne kA jo khAravela kA abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha hai| usake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki maurya kAla se pUrva bhI tIrthaMkara pratimAoM kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thA / kintu usa yuga kI jina pratimA kI pUjA-arcA kI vidhi ko batAne vAlA koI grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| jaina paramparA meM pUjA-arcA ke vidhi-vidhAna evaM mandira nirmANa kalA Adi ke sUcita karane vAle jo grantha upalabdha haiM, ve lagabhaga I. san kI prArambhika sadiyoM ke haiM / jaina AgamoM meM sthAnAMga, jJAtAdharma evaM rAjapraznIya sUtra meM maMdira saMracanA evaM jina pratimAoM kI pUjana vidhi ke ullekha haiM / mathurA ke prathama zatI ke aMkanoM se bhI isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / kyoMki unameM kamala-puSpa le jAte hue zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jo pUjA vidhi rAjapraznIya sUtra aura paravartI granthoM meM upalabdha hai usake anusAra muni aura sAdhviyAM to jina pratimAoM kI vaMdana evaM stuti ke rUpa meM bhAva - pUjA hI karate haiN| gRhastha hI unakI pUjA - sAmagrI se dravya pUjA karatA hai| gRhastha kI pUjA vidhi ke anusAra kUpa athavA puSkaraNI meM snAna karake vahAM se kamala puSpa aura jala lekara jina pratimA kA pUjana kiyA jAtA thA / jJAtAdharma va rAjapraznIya meM jina pratimA kI pUjA vidhi nimna prakAra se varNita haiM "tatpazcAt sUryAbhadeva cAra hajAra sAmAnika devoM yAvat aura dUsare bahuta se devoM aura deviyoM se pariveSThita hokara apanI samasta Rddhi, vaibhava yAvat vAdyoM kI tumula dhvanipUrvaka jahA~ siddhAyatana thA, vahAM aayaa| pUrva dvAra se praveza karake jahA~ devakadaka aura jina pratimAe~ thIM, vahAM AyA / vahAM Akara usane jina pratimAoM ko dekhate hI praNAma karake lomamayI pramArjanI ( mayUra - piccha kI pUMjanI) hAtha meM lI aura pramArjanI ko lekara jina pratimAoM ko pramArjita kiyA / pramArjita karake surabhi gandhodaka se una jina pratimAoM kA prakSAlana kiyA / prakSAlana karake sarasa gozIrSa candana kA lepa kiyaa| lepa karake kASAyika surabhi gandha se suvAsita vastra se unako pochA / una jina - pratimAoM ko akhaNDa devadUSya-yugala pahanAyA / devadUSya pahanA kara puSpa, mAlA, gandha, cUrNa, varNa, vastra aura AbhUSaNa cddh'aaye| ina sabako car3hAne ke anantara phira Upara se nIce taka laTakatI huI lambI-lambI golA mAlAe~ phnaaiiN| mAlAe~ pahanAkara paMcara puSpagaNoM ko hAtha meM lekara unakI varSA kI aura mAMDane mADaMkara usa sthAna ko suzobhita
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 33 kiyaa| phira una jina pratimAoM ke sanmukha zubhra, salaune, rajatamaya akSata tanduloM (cAvaloM ) se ATha-ATha maMgaloM kA Alekhana kiyA, yakSa, svAstika yAvat darpaNa / tadantara una jina pratimAoM ke sammukha zreSTha kAle agara, kundaru, turuSka, aura dhUpa kI mahakatI sugandha se vyApta aura dhUpabattI ke samAna surabhigandha ko phailAne vAle svarNa evaM maNiratnoM se racita citra-vicitra racanAoM se yukta vaiDUryamaya dhUpadAna ko lekara dhUpakSepa kiyA tathA vizuddha apUrva artha sampanna apunarukta mahimAzAlI eka sau ATha chandoM meM stuti kii| stuti karake sAta ATha paga pIche haTA aura phira pIche haTakara bAMyA ghuTanA UMcA kiyA aura dAyAM ghuTanA jamIna para TikAkara tIna bAra mastaka ko bhUmi tala para namAyA / namAkara kucha UMcA uThA tathA mastaka UcA~ karake donoM hAtha joDakara Avarta pUrvaka mastaka para aMjali karake prabhu kI stuti kIM / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki munijana jo sacitta dravya kA sparza bhI nahIM karate the ve kevala vaMdana yA guNa-stavana hI karate the kintu gRhastha pUjana sAmagrI meM sacitta dravyoM kA upayoga karate the| yadyapi usa sambandha meM aneka satarkatAeM baratI jAtI haiM jinakA ullekha 7-8 vIM zatI ke jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| jainoM kI pUjA vidhi kI jaba hama vaiSNava vidhi se tulanA karate haiN| taba hama pAte haiM ki donoM meM kAphI samAnatA thI / mAtra yahI nahIM jainoM ne apanI pUjA vidhi ko vaiSNava paramparA se gRhIta kiyA thA / unake AhvAna, visarjana Adi ke mantra na kevala hindU paramparA kI nakala haiM, apitu unakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM isakI svatantracarcA hamane anya lekha meM kI hai ( zramaNa 1660) vItarAga paramAtmA kI jisane tyAga, vairAgya va tapa kA upadeza diyA usakI pUjA, puSpa, phala, naivedya, dhUpa, dIpa Adi se kI jAya yaha spaSTa rUpa se anya paramparA kA prabhAva hai| cUMki vaiSNava paramparA meM yaha vidhi pracalita thI jainoM ne unhIM se gRhIta kara liyA aura ve jina pUjA ke aMga mAna liye gae / vaiSNava paramparA meM paMcopacAra pUjA va SoDaSopacAra pUjA ke ullekha milate haiN| jainoM meM usake sthAna para aSTa prakArI pUjA evaM sataraha bhedI pUjA ke ullekha haiN| donoM meM nAma krama Adi dekhane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM pUjA vidhi kA vikAsa vaiSNava paramparA se prabhAvita hai| sAmAnyatayA bhakti ke kSetra meM vigraha - pUjA kI prAthamikatA rahI hai aura jaina paramparA meM bhI cAhe kiMcita paravartI kyoM na hoM, kintu jina mUrtiyoM kI pUjA ke rUpa meM isakA pracalana huaa| jaina pUjA paddhati vaiSNava bhakti paramparA se na kevala prabhAvita rahI, apitu usakA anukaraNa mAtra hai tathA jaina darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha hai isa tathya kI paM. phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI ne bhI jJAna - pITha pUjAJjalI meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| maine bhI apane lekha jaina dharma ke dhArmika anuSThAna evaM kalA tattva meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| yahAM isakA ullekha mAtra yaha batAnA hai ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti mArga kA jo vikAsa hai, vaha hindU paramparA se prabhAvita hokara hI huA hai| jahAM taka dAsa, sakhya, evaM Atma-nivedana rUpa bhaktiyoM ke ullekha kA prazna hai, anIzvaravAdI jaina paramparA meM svAmI - sevaka bhAva se prabhu kI upAsanA svIkRta nahIM rahI hai, kyoMki usameM bhakti kA lakSya usa paramAtma dazA kI prApti hai jisameM svAmI sevaka kA bhAva
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________________ 34 jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA samApta ho jAtA hai| phira bhI sAdhaka dazA meM paramAtmA ke prati pUjya buddhi jaina paramparA meM bhI mAnya rahI aura usa rUpa meM jaina sAdhaka apane ko paramAtmA kA sevaka bhI sUcita karatA hai| jaina bhakti gItoM meM aneka sthAnoM para bhakta apane ko paramAtmA ke sevaka ke rUpa meM prastuta bhI karatA hai| jaina saMta Anandaghana jI likhate haiM -- eka araja sevaka taNIre, avadhAro jinadeva / kRpA karI mujha dIjie re, Anandaghana pada sev|| - vimala jina stavana phira bhI vaiSNava bhakti paramparA meM jo sadaiva hI paramAtmA kA sevaka bane rahane kI utkaTa bhAvanA hai, vaha jaina paramparA meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| usakA Adarza to svayaM paramAtma pada ko prApta kara lenA hai| usa sarvocca sthiti meM svAmI aura sevaka kA bheda nahIM raha jaataa| bhakta sadaiva hI yaha prArthanA karatA hai ki -- bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca kA yaha antara kaise samApta ho ? santa Anandaghana jI likhate haiM ki -- padyaprabha jina tujha muja AMtarUM re, kima bhAMje bhgvNt| karma vipAka kAraNa joinere koI kahe matimaMta / / anta meM usa antara ko samApta hone kI pUrNa AsthA rakhate hue bhakta kahatA hai ki -- tujha mujha antara anta bhAMjase bAjasye maMgalatUra-Anandaghana granthAvalI, padmaprabha jinstvn| isI prakAra sahajAnanda jI prabhu kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM ki -- supArasa prabhu sevathI, sevaka sevya samAnaH anubhava gamya karI laho, sahajAnandaghana yAna... jaina bhakti kA Adarza vAkya hai -- vande tad gunnlbdhye-tttvaarthsuutr-mNglaacrnn| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM bhakti kA prayojana paramAtma dazA ko prApta kara svAmI-sevaka bhAva samApta karanA hI rahA hai| isI prakAra sakhya bhAva se bhakti ke ullekha bhI jaina paramparA meM mila jAte haiN| phira bhI donoM paramparA meM jo maulika antara hai use lakSya meM rakhanA hI hogaa| jaina paramparA meM paramAtmA koI eka vyakti vizeSa nahIM hai jisase sakhya bhAva se jur3A jA ske| apitu pratyeka AtmA kA apanA zuddha svarUpa hI usakA sakhA yA mitra haiN| isI prakAra vaiSNava paramparA meM paramAtmA ko pati mAnakara bhakti kI paramparA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| prema aura viraha ke rUpa meM bhakti gItoM kA paramparA ati prAcIna hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA kI sAdhanA kA mukhya uddezya to rAga-bhAva se Upara uThanA hI rahA hai phira bhI paramAtmA ke prati ananya prema kA prakaTana usameM bhI huA hai| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM yaha saba vaiSNava bhaktimArgI paramparA kA hI prabhAva rahA hai| samayasundara, Anandaghana, yazovijaya, devacandra Adi jaina kaviyoM ne paramAtmA ko pati mAnakara aneka bhakti gItoM kI racanA kii| Anandadhana ne
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jana viraha-bhakti ke aneka gIta likhe haiN| unake kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiM --- RSabha jiNesara prItama mAharo, aura na cAhU~ kNt| rIjhyoM sAhaba seja na parihare, bhAge sAdi annt|| prIta sagAI jaga mAM sahu karai, prIta sagAI na koy| prIta sagAI niruyAdhika kahI re, sopAdhika dhana khoy|| prItama prAnapati binA, priyA kaise jIvai ho| prAna-pavana virahA-dazA, bhuaMgani pIvai ho|| sItala paMkhA kumakumA, candana kahA lAvai ho| anala na virahAlana yaha hai, tana tApa bar3hAvai ho|| vedana viraha athAha hai, pAnI nava nejA ho| kauna habIba tabIba hai, TArai karaka karejA ho|| gAla hathelI lagAi kai, surasiMdhu hamelI ho| aMsuvana nIra bahAya kai, sIMcU kara belI ho| milApI Ana milAvo re, mere anubhava mIThaDe miit| cAtika piu piu karai re, pIu milAve na Ana / jIva pIvana pIuM pIuM karai pyAre, jIu niu Ana ayaan|| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM viraha va prema ko lekara aneka bhakti gItoM kI racanAeM huI hai| usameM zuddha caitanya AtmA ko pati tathA AtmA ke samatA rUpa svAbhAvika dazA ko patnI tathA AtmA kI hI vaibhAvika dazA ko sauta ke rUpa meM citrita kara AdhyAtmika prema kA anUThA varNana kiyA gayA hai| nArada bhaktisUtra meM prema svarUpA bhakti ke nimna gyAraha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai -- 1. guNamahAtmyAsakti 2. rUpAsakti 3. pUjAsakti 4. smaraNAsakti 5. dAsyAsakti 6. sakhyAsakti 7. kAntAsakti 8. vAtsalyAsakti 9. AtmanivedanAsakti 10. tanmayatAsakti 11. paramavirahAsakti / inameM bhI rUpAsakti, smaraNAsakti, guNamahAtmyAsakti aura pUjAsakti to stavana, vaMdana evaM pUjana ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| zeSa dAsa sakhya, kAntA, vAtsalya Adi ko bhI paravartI jainAcAryoM ne apanI paramparAgata dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa banAkara prastuta kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA stavana, vaMdana, vinaya, pUjA aura sevA ina sabhI pakSoM ko samAhita kiye hue hai| sevA ke kSetra meM bhakti ke do rUpa rahe haiM -- eka to svayaM ArAdhya Adi kI pratimA kI sevA karanA, gItA ke yuga se hI saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko prabhu kA pratinidhi mAnakara unakI sevA ko bhI bhakti meM sthAna diyA gyaa| jaina paramparA meM bhI nizItha cUrNi (sAtavIM zatI) meM yaha prazna uThA ki eka vyakti jo prabhu kA nAma
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________________ 10 jana manamApata kA avadhAraNA smaraNa karatA hai, dUsarA jo glAna vRddha va rogiyoM kI suzruSA karatA hai, unameM kauna zreSTha hai ? isa sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo vRddha, rogI Adi kI sevA karatA hai, vaha bhagavAna kI hI sevA karatA hai| isa prakAra bhakti meM sevA kI jo avadhAraNA thI, usane eka loka-kalyANakArI rUpa grahaNa kiyA, yahI jaina bhakti kI vizeSatA hai|
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________________ jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna - pro. sAgaramala jaina jaina sAdhanA kA lakSya samabhAva (sAmAyika) kI upalabdhi hai aura samabhAva kI upalabdhi hetu svAdhyAya aura satsAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| sat sAhitya kA svAdhyAya manuSya kA eka aisA mitra hai, jo anukUla evaM pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM usakA sAtha nibhAtA hai aura usakA mArga-darzana kara usake mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM tanAvoM ko samApta karatA hai| aise sAhitya ke svAdhyAya se vyakti ko sadaiva hI AtmatoSa aura AdhyAtmika Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai| yaha mAnasika zAMti kA amogha upAya hai| svAdhyAya kA mahattva sat-sAhitya svAdhyAya kA mahattva ati prAcIna kAla se hI svIkRta rahA hai| aupaniSadika cintana meM jaba ziSya apanI zikSA pUrNa karake guru ke Azrama se bidAI letA, to use dI jAne vAlI antima zikSAoM meM eka zikSA hotI thI -- svAdhyAyAn mA pramadaH arthAt svAdhyAya meM pramAda mata krnaa| svAdhyAya eka aisI vastu hai jo gurU kI anupasthiti meM bhI guru kA kArya karatI thii| svAdhyAya se hama koI-na-koI mArga darzana prApta kara hI lete haiN| mahAtmA gAMdhI kahA karate the ki -- "jaba bhI maiM kisI kaThinAI meM hotA hU~, mere sAmane koI jaTila samasyA hotI hai, jisakA nidAna mujhe spaSTa rUpa se pratIta nahIM hotA hai| maiM gItA-mAtA kI goda meM calA jAtA hU~, vahA~ mujhe koI-na-koI samAdhAna avazya mila jAtA hai|" yaha satya hai ki vyakti kitane hI tanAva meM kyoM na ho, agara vaha ImAnadArI se sadgranthoM kA svAdhyAya karatA hai to use unameM apanI pIr3A se mukti kA mArga avazya hI dikhAyI detA hai| jaina paramparA meM jise mukti kahA gayA hai, vaha vastutaH rAga-dveSa se mukti hai, mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai aura aisI mukti ke lie pUrva karma saMskAroM kA nirjaraNa yA kSaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| nirjarA kA artha hai -- mAnasika granthiyoM ko jarjarita karanA arthAt mana kI rAga-dveSa, ahaMkAra Adi kI gAMThoM ko kholnaa| ise granthi-bheda karanA bhI kahate haiN| nirjarA eka sAdhanA hai| vastutaH vaha tapa kI hI sAdhanA hai| jaina paramparA meM tapa sAdhanA ke jo 12 bheda mAne gae haiM, unameM svAdhyAya kI gaNanA Antarika tapa ke antargata hotI hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya mukti kA mArga hai| jaina sAdhanA kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ko Antarika tapa kA eka prakAra batAte hue usake pA~coM aMgoM evaM unakI upalabdhiyoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se
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________________ yaha kahA gayA hai ki "navi atthi na vi a hohI, sajjhAya samaM tapo kammaM" arthAt svAdhyAya ke samAna dUsarA tapa na atIta meM koI thA, na vartamAna meM koI hai aura na bhaviSya meM koI hogA / isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM svAdhyAya ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAna kA prakAza prApta hotA hai, jisase samasta duHkhoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| vastutaH svAdhyAya jJAna prApti kA eka mahattvapUrNa upAya hai| kahA bhI hai 11 38 --- jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe, annANa- mohassa vivajjaNAe / rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNaM, egantasokkhaM samuveI mokkhaM / / tassesa maggo guru-viddhasevA, vajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| sajjhAya- egantanisevaNA ya, suttatthasaMcintaNayA ghiI ya / / arthAt sampUrNa jJAna ke prakAzana se, ajJAna aura moha ke parihAra se, rAga-dveSa ke pUrNa kSaya se jIva ekAnta sukha - rUpa mokSa ko prApta karatA hai| gurujanoM kI aura vRddhoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM ke samparka se dUra rahanA, sUtra aura artha kA cintana karanA, svAdhyAya karanA aura dhairya rakhanA yahI duHkhoM se mukti kA upAya hai| svAdhyAya kA artha - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 32/2-3 --- -- svAdhyAya zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai . sva kA adhyayana / vAcaspatyam meM svAdhyAya zabda kI vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI gayI hai| 1. sva + adhi + IN jisakA tAtparya hai ki sva kA adhyayana karanA, dUsare zabdoM meM svAdhyAya AtmAnubhUti hai, apane andara jhAMka kara apane Apa ko dekhanA hai / vaha svayaM apanA adhyayana hai / merI dRSTi meM apane vicAroM, vAsanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko jAnane va samajhane kA prayatna hI svAdhyAya hai| vastutaH vaha apanI AtmA kA adhyayana hI hai / AtmA ke darpaNa meM apane ko dekhanA hai| jaba taka svaM kA adhyayana nahIM hogA, vyakti apanI vAsanAoM evaM vikAroM kA draSTA nahIM banegA taba taka vaha unheM dUra karane kA prayatna nahIM karegA aura jaba taka ve dUra nahIM hoMge, taba taka AdhyAtmika pavitratA yA - vizuddhi saMbhava nahIM hogI aura Atma-vizuddhi ke binA mukti asambhava hai| yaha eka suspaSTa tathya hai ki jo gRhiNI apane ghara kI gaMdagI ko dekha pAtI hai, vaha use dUra kara ghara ko svaccha bhI rakha sakatI hai| isI prakAra jo vyakti apanI manodaihika vikRtiyoM ko jAna letA hai aura unake kAraNoM kA nidAna kara letA hai, vahI suyogya vaidya ke parAmarza se unakI yogya cikitsA karake anta meM svAsthya lAbha karatA hai| yahI bAta hamArI AdhyAtmika vikRtiyoM ko dUra karane kI prakriyA meM bhI lAgU hotI hai| jo vyakti svayaM apane andara jhAMkakara apanI caitasika vikRtiyoM arthAt kaSAyoM ko jAna letA hai, vahI yogya guru ke sAnidhya meM unakA nirAkaraNa karake AdhyAtmika vizuddhatA ko prApta kara letA hai| isa prakAra svAdhyAya arthAt sva kA adhyayana Atma-vizuddhi kI eka anupama sAdhanA siddha hotI hai| hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA Atma
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________________ mo. sAgaramala jaina 39 svAdhyAya kA mUla artha to apanA adhyayana hI hai, svayaM meM jhAMkanA hai| svayaM ko jAnane aura pahacAnane kI vRtti ke abhAva se sUtroM yA granthoM ke adhyayana kA koI bhI lAbha nahIM hotA hai| antarcakSu ke unmIlana ke binA jJAna kA prakAza sArthaka nahIM bana pAtA hai| kahA bhI hai -- subahuMpi suyamahIyaM, kiM kAhI ? dhrnnvipphiinnss| aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassa koddivi|| appaMpi suyamahIyaM, payAsayaM hoI crnnjuttss| ikko vi jaha paIvo, sacakkhuassa pyaaseii|| ___ - Avazyakaniyukti, 88-89 arthAt jaise aMdhe vyakti ke lie karor3oM dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI vyartha hai -- kintu A~kha vAle vyakti ke lie eka bhI dIpaka kA prakAza sArthaka hotA hai| usI prakAra jisake antara-cakSu khula gaye haiM, jisakI antaryAtrA prArambha ho cukI hai, aise AdhyAtmika sAdhaka ke lie svalpa adhyayana bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai, anyathA Atma vismata vyakti ke lie karor3oM padoM kA jJAna bhI nirarthaka hai| svAdhyAya meM antarcakSu kA khulanA -- Atma-draSTA bananA, svayaM meM jhAMkanA, pahalI zarta hai, zAstra kA par3hanA yA adhyayana karanA usakA dUsarA caraNa hai| svAdhyAya zabda kI dUsarI vyAkhyA su+A+adhi+ID - isa rUpa meM bhI kI gaI hai| isa dRSTi se svAdhyAya kI paribhASA hotI hai -- zobhano'dhyAyaH svAdhyAyaH arthAt sat-sAhitya kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya kI ina donoM paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para eka bAta jo ubhara kara sAmane AtI hai vaha yaha ki sabhI prakAra kA paThana-pAThana svAdhyAya nahIM hai| Atma-vizuddhi ke lie kiyA gayA apanI svakIya vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM va vAsanAoM athavA vicAroM kA adhyayana yA nirIkSaNa tathA aise sadgranthoM kA paThana-pAThana, jo hamArI caittasika vikRtiyoM ke samajhane aura unheM dUra karane meM sahAyaka hoM, hI svAdhyAya ke antargata AtA hai| viSaya-vAsanA varddhaka, bhogAkAMkSAoM ko udIpta karane vAle, citta ko vicalita karane vAle aura AdhyAtmika zAMti aura samatA ko bhaMga karane vAle sAhitya kA adhyayana svAdhyAya kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| unhIM granthoM kA adhyayana hI svAdhyAya kI koTi meM AtA hai jisase citta vRttiyoM kI caMcalatA kama hotI ho, mana prazAnta hotA ho aura jIvana meM saMtoSa kI vRtti vikasita hotI ho| svAdhyAya kA svarUpa svAdhyAya ke antargata kauna sI pravRttiyAM AtI haiM, isakA vizleSaNa jaina paramparA meM vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| svAdhyAya ke pA~ca aMga mAne gae haiM -- 1. vAcanA 2. pratipRcchanA 3. parAvartanA 4. anuprekSA aura 5. dhrmkthaa| ___ 1. gurU ke sAnidhya meM sadgranthoM kA adhyayana karanA vAcanA hai| vartamAna sandarbha meM hama kisI sadagrantha ke paThana-pAThana evaM adhyayana ko vAcanA ke artha meM grahIta kara sakate haiN|
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________________ 40 jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna 2. pratipRcchanA kA artha hai paThita yA par3he jAne vAle grantha ke arthabodha meM sandeha Adi kii| nivRtti hetu jijJAsA vRtti se, yA viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke nimitta prazna-uttara krnaa| 3. pUrva paThita grantha kI punarAvRtti yA pArAyaNa karanA, yaha parAvartanA hai| 4. pUrva paThita viSaya ke sandarbha meM cintana-manana karanA anuprekSA hai| 5. isI prakAra adhyayana ke mAdhyama se jo jJAna prApta huA hai, use dUsaroM ko pradAna karanA yA dharmopadeza denA dharmakathA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki svAdhyAya ke kSetra meM ina pA~coM avasthAoM kA eka krama hai| inameM prathama sthAna vAcanA kA hai| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke spaSTa bodha ke lie praznottara ke mAdhyama se zaMkA kA nivAraNa karanA -- isakA krama dUsarA hai, kyoMki jaba taka adhyayana nahIM hogA taba taka zaMkA Adi bhI nahIM hogeN| adhyayana kie gae viSaya ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie usakA pArAyaNa Avazyaka hai| isase eka ora smRti sudRr3ha hotI hai to dUsarI ora kramazaH artha-bodha meM spaSTatA kA vikAsa hotA hai -- isake pazcAt anuprekSA yA cintana kA krama AtA hai| cintana ke mAdhyama se vyakti paThita viSaya ko na kevala sthira karatA hai, apitu vaha usake arthabodha kI gaharAI meM jAkara svataH kI anubhUti ke stara para use samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa prakAra cintana evaM manana ke dvArA jaba viSaya spaSTa ho jAya, to vyakti ko dharmopadeza dene yA adhyayana karAne kA adhikAra milatA hai| svAdhyAya ke lAbha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNakarma kA kSaya hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AtmA mithyAjJAna kA AvaraNa dUra karake samyakjJAna kA arjana karatA hai| svAdhyAya ke isa sAmAnya lAbha kI carcA ke sAtha uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM svAdhyAya ke pA~coM aMgoM -- vAcanA, prati pRcchanA, dharmakathA Adi ke apane apane kyA lAbha hote haiM isakI bhI carcA kI gayI hai, jo nimna spa meM pAyI jAtI hai -- bhante ! vAcanA ( adhyayana) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? vAcanA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai, zrutajJAna kI AzAtanA ke doSa se dUra rahane vAlA vaha tIrtha-dharma kA avalambana karatA hai -- gaNadharoM ke samAna jijJAsu ziSyoM ko zruta pradAna karatA hai| tIrtha-dharma kA avalambana lekara karmoM kI mahAnirjarA karatA hai aura mahAparyavasAna (saMsAra kA anta) karatA hai| bhante ! pratipRcchanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? pratipRcchanA (pUrvapaThita zAstra ke sambandha meM zaMkAnivRtti ke lie prazna karanA) se jIva sUtra, artha aura tadubhaya arthAt donoM se sambandhita kAMkSAmohanIya (saMzaya) kA nirAkaraNa karatA bhante ! parAvartanA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ?
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 41 parAvartanA se arthAt paThita pATha ke punarAvartana se vyaMjana (zabda-pATha) sthira hotA hai aura jIva padAnusAritA Adi vyaMjanA-labdhi ko prApta hotA hai| bhante ! anuprekSA se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? anuprekSA arthAta saMtrArtha ke cintana-manana se jIva AyuSyakarma ko chor3akara zeSa jJAnAvaraNAdi sAta karmoM kI prakRtiyoM ke pragAr3ha bandhana ko zithila karatA hai| unakI dIrghakAlIna sthiti ko alpakAlIna karatA hai| unake tIvra rasAnubhAva ko manda karatA hai| bahukarma pradezoM ko alpa-pradezoM meM parivartita karatA hai| AyuSyakarma kA bandha kadAcit karatA hai, kadAcit nahIM bhI karatA hai| asAtAvedanIyakarma kA punaH-punaH upacaya nahIM karatA hai| jo saMsAra aTavI anAdi evaM ananta hai, dIrghamArga se yukta hai, jisake narakAdi gatirUpa cAra anta (avayava) hai, use zIghra hI pAra karatA hai| bhante ! dharmakathA (dharmopadeza) se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? dharma kathA se jIva karmoM kI nirjarA karatA hai aura pravacana (zAsana evaM siddhAnta) kI prabhAvanA karatA hai| pravacana kI prabhAvanA karane vAlA jIva bhaviSya meM zubha phala dene vAle puNya karmoM kA bandha karatA hai| isI prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra meM bhI zAstrAdhyayana ke kyA lAbha haiM ? isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki sUtra kI vAcanA ke 5 lAbha haiM -- 1. vAcanA se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai arthAt yadi adhyayana kA krama banA rahe to jJAna kI vaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| 2. zAstrAdhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti se ziSya kA hita hotA hai, kyoMki vaha usake jJAna kI prApti kA mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai| 3. zAstrAdhyayana arthAt adhyApana kI pravRtti banI rahane se jJAnAvaraNa karma kI nirjarA hotI hai arthAt ajJAna kA nAza hotA hai| 4. adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti ke jIvita rahane se usake vismRta hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| 5. jaba zruta sthira rahatA hai to usakI avicchinna paramparA calatI rahatI hai| svAdhyAya kA prayojana sthAnAMgasUtra (5) meM svAdhyAya kyoM karanA cAhie isakI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojana hone cAhie -- __1. jJAna kI prApti ke liye 2. samyak jJAna kI prApti ke liye 3. sadAcaraNa meM pravRtti ke hetu 4. durAgrahoM aura ajJAna kA vimocana karane ke liye 5. yathArtha kA bodha karane ke lie yA yathA avasthita bhAvoM kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie| ____ AcArya akalaMka ne tatvArtharAjavArtika, 9/25 meM svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca prayojanoM kI bhI gharSA kI hai -- 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 29/20-24.
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________________ 42 jainadharma meM svAdhyAya kA artha evaM sthAna 1. buddhi kI nirmalatA, 2. prazasta manobhAvoM kA prApti, 3. jina zAsana kI rakSA, 4. saMzaya kI nivRti, 5. parivAdiyoM kI zaMkA kA nirasana, 6. tapa-tyAga kI vRddhi aura aticAroM (doSoM) kI shuddhi| svAdhyAya kA sAdhaka jIvana meM sthAna svAdhyAya kA jaina paramparA meM kitanA mahattva rahA hai, isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha na kahakara uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke mAdhyama se hI apanI bAta ko spaSTa kruuNgaa| usameM muni kI jIvana-caryA kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai-- divasassa cauro bhAge kujjA bhikkhU viyakkhaNo / tao uttaraguNe kujjA diNabhAgesu causa vi|| paDhamaM porisiM sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhANaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe bhikkhAcariyaM puNo cautthIe sjjhaayN|| rati pi cauro bhAge bhikkhU kujjA viykssnno| tao uttaraguNe kujjA rAibhAesu causu vi|| padamaM porisi sajjhAyaM bIyaM jhiyaayii| taiyAe nidamokkhaM tu dhautthI bhujjo vi sjjhaayN|| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 26/11,12,17,18 muni dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya kareM, dasare prahara meM dhyAna kareM, tIsare meM bhikSA-caryA evaM daihika AvazyakatA kI nivRtti kA kArya kreN| punaH caturtha prahara meM svAdhyAya kareM isI prakAra rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare meM dhyAna, tIsare meM nidrA va cauthe meM punaH svAdhyAya kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra muni pratidina cAra prahara arthAt 12 ghaMTe svAdhyAya meM rata rahe, dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhaka jIvana kA AdhA bhAga svAdhyAya ke liye niyata thaa| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainaparamparA meM svAdhyAya kI mahattva prAcIna kAla se hI susthApita rahA hai, kyoMki yahI eka aisA mAdhyama thA jisake dvArA vyakti ke ajJAna kA nivAraNa tathA AdhyAtmika vizaddhi sambhava thii| satsAhitya ke adhyayana kI dizAyeM sata-sAhitya ke paThana ke rUpa meM svAdhyAya kI kyA upayogitA hai ? yaha suspaSTa hai| vastutaH sat- sAhitya kA adhyayana vyakti kI jIvana dRSTi ko hI badala detA hai| aise aneka loga haiM jinakI sat-sAhitya ke adhyayana se jIvana kI dizA hI badala gyii| svAdhyAya eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jo ekAMta ke kSaNoM meM hameM akelApana mahasUsa nahIM hone detA aura eka sacce mitra kI bhA~ti sadaiva sAtha detA hai aura mArga-darzana karatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM yadyapi logoM meM par3hane-par3hAne kI rudhi vikasita huI hai, kintu hamAre paThana kI viSaya vastu samyaka nahIM hai| Aja ke vyakti ke paThana-pAThana kA mukhya viSaya patra-patrikAe~ haiN|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina inameM mukhya rUpa se ve hI patrikAe~ adhika pasaMda kI jA rahI haiM jo vAsanAoM ko ubhArane vAlI tathA jIvana ke vidrUpita pakSa ko yathArtha ke nAma para prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| Aja samAja meM naitika mUlyoM kA jo patana hai usakA kAraNa hamAre prasAra mAdhyama bhI haiN| ina mAdhyamoM meM patra-patrikAe~ tathA AkAzavANI evaM dUradarzana pramukha haiN| Aja sthiti aisI hai ki ye sabhI apaharaNa, balAtkAra, gabana, DakaitI, corI, hatyA -- ina sabakI sUcanAoM se bhare par3e hote haiM aura hama unako par3hane aura dekhane meM adhika rasa lete haiN| inake darzana aura pradarzana se hamArI jIvana dRSTi hI vikRta ho cukI hai, Aja saccaritra vyaktiyoM evaM unake jIvana vRttAntoM kI sAmAnya rUpa se ina mAdhyamoM ke dvArA upekSA kI jAtI hai| ataH naitikamUlyoM aura sadAcAra se hamArI AsthA uThatI jA rahI ina vikata paristhitiyoM meM yadi manuSya ke caritra ko uThAnA hai aura use sanmArga evaM naitikatA kI ora prerita karanA hai to hameM apane adhyayana kI dRSTi badalanA hogaa| Aja sAhitya ke nAma para jo bhI hai vaha paThanIya hai, aisA nahIM hai| Aja yaha Avazyaka hai ki satsAhitya kA prasAraNa ho aura logoM meM usake adhyayana kI abhiruci jAgRta ho| yahI sacce artha meM svAdhyAya hai| - pro. sAgaramala jaina, nidezaka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5.
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna zramaNadhArA aura dhyAna bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI paramparA meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA astitva ati prAcInakAla se hI rahA hai| yahAM taka ki ati prAcIna nagara mohana jodaro aura harappA se khudAI meM, jo sIleM Adi upalabdha huI haiM, unameM bhI dhyAnamudrA meM yogiyoM ke aMkana pAye jAte haiN|" isa prakAra aitihAsika adhyayana ke, jo bhI prAcInatama srota hameM upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI bhArata meM dhyAna kI paramparA ke ati prAcInakAla se pracalita hone kI puSTi karate haiN| unase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM yajJa-mArga kI apekSA dhyAna mArga ko paramparA prAcIna hai aura use sadaiva hI AdarapUrNa sthAna prApta rahA hai| sAgaramala jaina aupaniSadika paramparA aura usakI sahavartI zramaNa paramparAoM meM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se dhyAna kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA thaa| aupaniSadika RSi - gaNa aura zramaNa- sAdhaka apanI dainika jIvanacaryA meM dhyAna-sAdhanA ko sthAna dete rahe haiM - yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai, mahAvIra aura buddha ke pUrva bhI aneka aise zramaNa sAdhaka the, jo dhyAna sAdhanA kI viziSTa vidhiyoM ke na kevala jJAtA the, apitu apane sAnnidhya meM aneka sAdhakoM ko una dhyAnasAdhanA kI vidhiyoM kA abhyAsa bhI karavAte the| ina AcAryoM ko dhyAna sAdhanA kI apanI-apanI viziSTa vidhiyA~ thIM, aise saMketa bhI milate haiN| buddha apane sAdhanAkAla meM aise hI eka dhyAna-sAdhaka zramaNa AcArya rAmaputta ke pAsa svayaM dhyAna-sAdhanA ke abhyAsa ke lie gaye the| rAmaputta ke saMbaMdha meM tripiTaka sAhitya meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki svayaM bhagavAn buddha jJAna prApti ke pazcAt bhI apanI sAdhanA kI upalabdhiyoM ko batAne hetu unase milane ke lie utsuka the, kintu taba taka unakI mRtyu ho cukI thii| inhIM rAmaputta kA ullekha jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhI AtA hai| prAkRta AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga meM unake nAma ke nirdeza ke atirikta antakRtdazA, RSibhASita Adi meM to unase saMbaMdhita svataMtra adhyAya bhI rahe the| durbhAgya se antakRtdazA kA vaha adhyAya to Aja lupta ho cukA hai, kintu RSibhASita' meM unake upadezoM kA saMkalana Aja bhI upalabdha hai| 1) Mohenjodaro and Indus Civilization, John Marshall Vol. I. Page 52 2) Dictionary of Pali Proper Names By J. P. Malal Sekhar (1937) Vol. I. P. 382-83 3) sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 3 / 4 / 2-3 4) sthAnAMga 10 | 133 ( isameM antakRtdazA kI prAcIna viSayavastu kA ullekha hai) 5 ) isibhAsiyAI - adhyAya 23 6) vahI, adhyAya 23
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________________ 45 buddha aura mahAvIra ko jJAna kA jo prakAza upalabdha huA vaha unakI dhyAna sAdhanA kA pariNAma hI thA, isameM Aja kisI prakAra kA vaimatya nahIM hai| kintu hamArA yaha durbhAgya hai ki prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI dhyAna sAdhanA kI ina paddhatiyoM ke vistRta vivaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM, mAtra yatra-tatra vikIrNa nirdeza hI hameM milate haiN| phira bhI jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha haiM, unake AdhAra para itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki aupaniSadika RSigaNa aura zramaNa sAdhaka apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie dhyAna-sAdhanA kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA anusaraNa karate the| unakI dhyAna-sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ke kucha avazeSa Aja bhI hameM yoga paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM mila jAte haiN| jaina dharma aura dhyAna zramaNa paramparA kI nirgranthadhArA - jo Aja jaina paramparA ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai - apane astitva kAla se dhyAna sAdhanA se jur3I huI hai| prAkRta sAhitya ke prAcInatama graMthoM AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita Adi meM dhyAna kA mahattva spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita hai| RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAI) meM to spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki zarIra meM jo sthAna mastiSka kA hai, sAdhanA meM vahI sthAna dhyAna kA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM zramaNa jIvana kI dinacaryA kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pratyeka zramaNa sAdhaka ko dina aura rAtri ke dUsare prahara meM niyamita rUpa se dhyAna karanA caahie| Aja bhI jaina zramaNa ko nidrAtyAga ke pazcAt, bhikSAcaryA evaM padayAtrA se lauTane para gamanAgamana evaM malamUtra Adi ke visarjana ke pazcAt tathA prAtaHkAlIna aura sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNa karate samaya dhyAna karanA hotA hai| usake AcAra aura upAsanA ke sAtha kadama-kadama para dhyAna prakriyA jur3I __ jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA kitanA mahatva hai - isakA sabase bar3A pramANa to yaha hai ki naina tIrthakaroM kI pratimAyeM cAhe ve khaDgAsana meM hoM yA padmAsana meM sadaiva hI dhyAnamudrA meM upalabdha hotI haiN| Aja taka koI bhI jina pratimA dhyAna-mudrA ke atirikta kisI bhI anya mudrA meM upalabdha hI nahIM huI hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkara yA jina pratimAoM ke atirikta buddha kI bhI kucha pratimAyeM dhyAna mudrA meM upalabdha huI haiM kintu buddha kI adhikAMza pratimAyeM to dhyAnetara mudrAoM - yathA abhayamudrA, varada-mudrA aura upadeza-mudrA meM hI milatI haiN| isI prakAra ziva kI kucha pratimAyeM bhI dhyAna mudrA meM milatI haiM - kintu nRtyu mudrA Adi meM bhI ziva pratimAyeM vipula parimANa meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra jahAM anya paramparAoM meM 1) isibhAsiyAI (RSibhASita), 22 / 14 2) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 26 / 18 3) zramaNa sUtra (upAdhyAya amaramuni), prathama saMskaraNa pR. 133-134
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________________ 46 apane ArAdhya devoM kI pratimAyeM dhyAnetara mudrAoM meM bhI banatI rahIM, vahAM tIrthakara yA jinA pratimAyeM mAtra dhyAnamudrA meM hI nirmita huI, kisI bhI anya mudrA meM nahIM bniiN| jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa kA do sahasra varSa kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki kabhI bhI koI bhI jinapratimA/tIrthaMkara pratimA dhyAna-mudrA ke atirikta kisI anya mudrA meM nahIM banAI gyii| isase jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA kyA sthAna rahA hai - yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM meM dhyAna ko sAdhanA kA mastiSka mAnA hai| jisa prakAra mastiSka ke niSkriya ho jAne para mAnava jIvana kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai,usI prakAra dhyAna ke abhAva meM jaina sAdhanA kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai| dhyAna - sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA mAnava mana svabhAvataH caMcala mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM mana ko duSTa azva kI saMjJA dI gaI, jo kumArga meM bhAgatA hai| gItA meM mana ko caMcala batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki usako nigrahIta karanA vAya ko rokane ke samAna ati kaThina hai|2 caMcala mana meM vikalpa uThate rahate haiM - inhIM vikalpoM ke kAraNa caittasika AkulatA yA azAnti kA janma hotA hai| yaha AkulatA hI cetanA meM udvignatA yA tanAva kI upasthiti kI sUcaka hai| citta kI yaha udvigna yA tanAvapUrNa sthiti hI asamAdhi yA duHkha hai| isI caittasika pIr3A yA duHkha se vimukti pAnA samagra AdhyAtmika sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai| ise hI nirvANa yA mukti kahA gayA hai| manuSya meM duHkha-vimukti kI bhAvanA sadaiva hI rahI hai| yaha svAbhAvika hai, Aropita nahIM hai| kyoMki koI bhI vyakti tanAva yA udvignatA kI sthiti meM jInA nahIM cAhatA hai| udvignatA cetanA kI vibhAvadazA hai| vibhAvadazA se svabhAva meM lauTanA yahI sAdhanA hai| pUrva yA pazcima kI sabhI adhyAtmapradhAna sAdhanA vidhiyoM kA lakSya yahI rahA hai ki citta ko AkulatA, udvignatA yA tanAvoM se mukta karake, use nirAkula, anudvigna cittadazA yA samAdhibhAva meM sthita kiyA jaaye| isaliye sAdhanA vidhiyoM kA lakSya nirvikAra aura nirvikalpa samatA yukta citta kI upalabdhi hI hai| ise hI samAdhi/sAmAyika (prAkRtasamAhi) kahA gayA hai| dhyAna isI samAdhi yA nirvikalpa citta kI upalabdhi kA abhyAsa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve sabhI sAdhanA paddhatiyA~ jo citta ko anudvigna, nirAkula, nirvikAra aura nirvikalpa yA dUsare zabdoM meM samatva-yukta banAnA cAhatI haiM, dhyAna ko apanI sAdhanA meM avazya sthAna detI haiN| 1) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23155-56 2) bhagavadgItA 6 / 34
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________________ / dhyAna kA svarUpa evaM prakriyA jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko 'cittanirodha' kahA hai|' citta kA nirodha ho jAnA hI dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mana kI caMcalatA ko samApta karane kA abhyAsa hai| jaba dhyAna siddha ho jAtA hai to citta kI caMcalatA svataH hI samApta ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana meM 'yoga' ko paribhASita karate hue bhI kahA gayA hai ki cittavRtti kA nirodha hI 'yoga' hai| spaSTa hai ki citta kI caMcalatA kI samApti yA cittavRtti kA nirodha dhyAna se hI sambhava hai| ataH dhyAna ko sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| 47 gItA meM mana kI caMcalatA ke nirodha ko vAyu ko rokane ke samAna ati kaThina mAnA gayA hai| usameM usake nirodha ke do upAya batAye gaye haiN| 1. abhyAsa, 2. vairAgyA uttarAdhyayana meM mana rUpI duSTa azva ko nigrahIta karane ke lie zruta rUpI rassiyoM kA prayoga Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai | 3 caMcala citta kI saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka taraMgeM yA vAsanAjanya Avega sahaja hI samApta nahIM ho jAte haiN| pahale unakI bhAga-daur3a ko samApta karanA hotA hai / kintu yaha vAsanonmukha sakriya-mana yA vikSobhita citta nirodha ke saMkalpa mAtra se niyantrita nahIM ho pAtA hai| punaH yadi use balAt rokane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha adhika vikSubdha hokara manuSya ko pAgalapana ke kaMgAra para pahu~cA detA hai, jaise tIvra gati se calate hue vAhana ko yakAyaka rokane kA prayatna bhayaMkara durghaTanA kA hI kAraNa banatA hai, usI prakAra citta kI caMcalatA kA yakAyaka nirodha vikSiptatA kA kAraNa banatA hai| prathamataH mAnava mana kI gatizIlatA ko niyaMtrita kara usakI gati kI dizA badalanI hotI hai| jJAna yA vivekarUpI lagAma ke dvArA usa mana rUpI duSTa azva ko kumArga se sanmArga kI dizA meM mor3A jAtA hai| isase usakI sakriyatA yakAyaka samApta to nahIM hotI, kintu usakI dizA badala jAtI hai| dhyAna meM bhI yahI karanA hotA hai| dhyAna meM sarva prathama mana ko vAsanA rUpI vikalpoM se mor3akara dharma-cintana meM lagAyA jAtA hai phira kramazaH isa cintana kI prakriyA ko zithila yA kSINa kiyA jAtA hai| anta meM eka aisI sthiti A jAtI hai jaba mana pUrNataH niSkriya ho jAtA hai, usakI bhAgadaur3a samApta ho jAtI hai| aisA mana, mana na rahakara 'amana' ho jAtA hai| mana ko 'amana' banA denA hI dhyAna hai| 1) tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 27 2) gItA 6 / 34 3) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 23/56 isa prakAra caittasika tanAvoM yA vikSobhoM ko samApta karane ke lie athavA nirvikalpa aura zAnta citta-dazA kI upalabdhi ke lie dhyAna sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| -
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________________ 48 usake dvArA saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vibhakta citta ko kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| vividha vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura icchAoM ke kAraNa cetanA-zakti aneka rUpoM meM vikhaNDita hokara svataH meM hI saMgharSazIla ho jAtI hai| usa zakti kA yaha bikharAva hI hamArA AdhyAtmika patana hai| dhyAna isa caittasika vighaTana ko samApta kara cetanA ko kendrita karatA hai| cUMki vaha vighaTita cetanA ko saMgaThita karatA hai| isIlie vaha 'yoga (Unification) hai| dhyAna cetanA ke saMgaThana kI kalA hai| saMgaThita cetanA hI zaktisrota hai, isIlie yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki dhyAna se aneka Atmika labdhiyAM yA siddhiyAM prApta hotI haiN| cittadhArA jaba vAsanAoM evaM AkAMkSAoM ke mArga se bahatI hai to vaha vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM, icchAoM kI svAbhAvika bahuvidhatA ke kAraNa aneka dhArAoM meM vibhakta hokara nirbala ho jAtI hai| dhyAna ina vibhakta evaM nirbala cittadhArAoM ko eka dizA meM mor3ane kA prayAsa hai| jaba dhyAna kI sAdhanA yA abhyAsa se cittadhArA eka dizA meM bahane lagatI hai, to na kevala vaha sabala hotI hai, apitu niyaMtrita hone se usakI dizA bhI samyak hotI hai| jisa prakAra bAMdha vikIrNa jaladhArAoM ko ekatrita kara unheM sabala aura suniyojita karatA hai, usI prakAra dhyAna bhI hamArI cetanAdhArA ko sabala aura suniyojita karatA hai| jisa prakAra bAMdha dvArA suniyojita jala-zakta: kA samyak upayoga sambhava ho pAtA hai, usI prakAra dhyAna dvArA suniyojita cetanazaktoM kA samyak upayoga sambhava hai| saMkSepa meM Atmazakti ke kendrIkaraNa evaM use samyak dizA meM niyojita karane ke lie dhyAna sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| vaha citta vRttiyoM kI nirarthaka bhAgadaur3a ko samApta kara hameM mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM vikAroM se mukta rakhatA hai| pariNAmataH vaha AdhyAtmika zAnti aura nirvikalpa citta kI upalabdhi kA anyatama sAdhana hai| dhyAna ke pArampArika evaM vyAvahArika lAbha dhyAnazataka (jhANajjhayana) meM dhyAna se honevAle pAramparika evaM vyAvahArika lAbhoM kI vistRta carcA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki dharmadhyAna se zubhAsrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura devaloka ke sukha prApta hote haiN| zukla dhyAna ke bhI prathama do caraNoM kA pariNAma zubhAsrava evaM anuttara devaloka ke sukha haiM, jabaki zukla dhyAna ke antima do caraNoM kA phala mokSa yA nirvANa hai| yahAM yaha smaraNa rakhane yogya hai ki jaba taka dhyAna meM vikalpa hai, AkAMkSA hai, cAhe vaha prazasta hI kyoM na ho, taba taka vaha zubhAsrava kA kAraNa to hogA hii| 1) puDho chaMdA iha mANavA, puDho dukkhaM pveditN| - AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 2 / 25 aNegacitte khalu ayaM purise, se keyaNaM arihae pUraittae - AcArAMga 5 / 3 / 2
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________________ phira bhI yaha zubhAsrava antatogatvA mukti kA nimitta hone se upAdeya hI mAnA gayA hai| aisA Asrava mithyAtva ke abhAva ke kAraNa saMsAra kI abhivRddhi kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai|' punaH dhyAna ke lAbhoM kI carcA karate hue usameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jala vastra ke mala ko dhokara use nirmala banA detA hai, usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI jala AtmA ke karmarUpI mala ko dhokara use nirmala banA detA hai| jisa prakAra agni lohe ke maila ko dUra kara detI hai, jisa prakAra vAyu se prerita agni dIrghakAla se saMcita kASTha ko jalA detI hai, usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI vAyu se prerita sAdhanArUpI agni pUrvabhavoM ke saMcita karma saMskAroM ko naSTa kara detI hai| usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI agni AtmA para lage hue karmarUpI mala ko dUra kara detI hai| jisa prakAra vAyu se tADita . .. megha zIghra hI vilIna ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI vAyu se tADita karmarUpI medha zIghra vilIna ho jAte haiN| saMkSepa meM dhyAna sAdhanA se AtmA karmarUpI mala evaM AvaraNa se mukta hokara apanI zuddha nirvikAra jJAtAdraSTA avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| - dhyAna ke ina cAra alaukika yA AdhyAtmika lAbhoM ke atirikta granthakAra ne usake aihika, manovaijJAnika lAbhoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jisakA citta dhyAna meM saMlagna hai, vaha krodhAdi kaSAyoM se utpanna honevAle IrSyA, viSAda, zoka Adi mAnasika duHkhoM se pIDita nahIM hotA hai|5 granthakAra ke isa kathana kA rahasya yaha hai ki jaba dhyAna meM AtmA apramatta cetA hokara jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM sthita hotA hai, to usa apramattatA kI sthiti meM na to kaSAya hI kriyAzIla hote haiM aura na unase utpanna IrSyA, dveSa, viSAda Adi bhAva hI utpanna hote haiN| dhyAnI vyakti pUrva saMskAroM ke kAraNa utpanna honevAle kaSAyoM ke vipAka ko mAtra dekhatA hai, kintu una bhAvoM meM pariNata nahIM hotA hai| ataH kASAyika bhAvoM kI pariNati nahIM hone se usake citta ke mAnasika tanAva samApta ho jAte hai| dhyAna mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti kA anyatama sAdhana hai| dhyAnazataka (jhANajjhayaNa) ke anusAra dhyAna se na kevala Atma vizuddhi aura mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai, apitu zArIrika pIr3AyeM bhI kama ho jAtI haiN| usameM likhA hai ki jo citta dhyAna meM atizaya sthiratA prApta kara cukA hai, vaha zIta, uSNa Adi zArIrika duHkhoM se bhI vicalita nahIM hotA hai| vaha unheM nirAkulatApUrvaka sahana kara letA hai| yaha hamArA 1) dhyAna zataka (jhANanjhayaNa) 93-96 2) vahI 97-100 3) vahI 101 4) vahI 102 5) dhyAnazataka (vIrasevAmaMdira) 103 6) vahI 104
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________________ vyAvahArika anubhava hai ki jaba hamArI cittavRtti kisI vizeSa dizA meM kendrita hotI hai to hama zArIrika pIDAoM ko bhUla jAte haiM; jaise eka vyApArI vyApAra meM bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko bhUla jAtA hai| ataH dhyAna meM daihika pIDAoM kA ehasAsa bhI alpatama ho jAtA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kAyotsarga, jo dhyAna sAdhanA kI agrima sthiti hai, ke lAbhoM kI carcA karate hue Avazyaka niyukti meM likhA hai ki kAyotsarga ke nimna pAMca lAbha haiN| 1) deha jADya zuddhi - zleSma evaM carbI ke kama ho jAne se deha kI jar3atA samApta ho jAtI hai| kAyotsarga se zleSma, carbI Adi naSTa hote haiM, ataH unase utpanna honevAlI jar3atA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai| 2) mati jADya zuddhi - kAyotsarga meM mana kI vRtti kendrita ho jAtI hai, usase bauddhika jar3atA kSINa hotI hai| 3) sukha-duHkha titikSA, (samatAbhAva) 4) kAyotsarga meM sthita vyakti anuprekSAoM yA bhAvanAoM kA sthiratApUrvaka abhyAsa kara sakatA hai| 5) dhyAna, kAyotsarga meM zubha dhyAna kA abhyAsa sahaja ho jAtA hai| ina lAbhoM meM na kevala AdhyAtmika lAbhoM kI carcA hai apitu mAnasika aura zArIrika lAbhoM kI bhI carcA hai| vastutaH dhyAna sAdhanA kI vaha kalA hai jo na kevala citta kI nirarthaka bhAga-daur3a ko niyaMtrita karatI hai, apitu vAcika aura kAyika (daihika) gatividhiyoM ko bhI niyaMtrita kara vyakti ko apane Apa se jor3a detI hai| hameM ehasAsa hotA hai ki hamArA astitva caittasika aura daihika gatividhiyoM se bhI Upara hai aura hama unake na kevala sAkSI haiM, apitu niyAmaka bhI haiN| dhyAna AtmasAkSAtkAra kI kalA manuSya ke liye, jo kucha bhI zreSThatama aura kalyANakArI hai, vaha svayaM apane ko jAnanA aura apane meM jInA hai| Atma bodha se mahattvapUrNa evaM zreSThatama anya koI bodha hai hI nhiiN| Atma sAkSAtkAra yA AtmajJAna hI sAdhanA kA sAratattva hai| sAdhanA kA artha hai apane Apa ke prati jaagnaa| vaha ko'haM se so'haM taka kI yAtrA hai| sAdhanA kI isa yAtrA meM apane Apa ke prati jAganA sambhava hotA hai dhyAna ke dvaaraa| dhyAna meM AtmA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA ko jAnatA hai| yaha apane Apa ke sammukha hotA hai| dhyAna meM jJAtA apanI hI vattiyoM, bhAvanAoM, AvegoM aura vAsanAoM ko jJeya banAkara vastutaH apanA hI darzana karatA hai| yadyapi yaha darzana tabhI saMbhava hotA hai, jaba hama inakA atikramaNa kara jAte haiM, arthAta inake prati kartAbhAva se mukta hokara sAkSI bhAva jagAte haiN| ataH dhyAna AtmA ke darzana kI kalA hai| dhyAna hI vaha vidhi hai, jisake dvArA hama sIdhe apane hI sammakha hote haiM. ise hI Atma sAkSAtkAra kahate haiN| dhyAna jIva meM 'jina' kA, AtmA se paramAtmA kA darzana karAtA hai| 1) Avazyakaniyukti 1462
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________________ 51 dhyAna kI isa prakriyA meM AtmA ke dvArA paramAtmA (zaddhAtmA) ke darzana ke pUrva sarva prathama to hama apane 'vAsanAtmaka sva' (id) kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai - dUsare zabdoM meM hama apane hI vikAroM aura vAsanAoM ke prati jAgate haiN| jAgaraNa ke isa prathama caraNa meM hama unakI vidrUpatA kA bodha hotA hai| hameM lagatA hai ki ye hamAre vikAra bhAva hai - vibhAva haiM, kyoMki hamameM ye 'para' ke nimitta se hote haiN| yahI vibhAva dazA kA bodha sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai| sAdhanA ke tIsare caraNa meM sAdhaka vibhAva se rahita zuddha Atma dazA kI anubhUti karatA hai - yahI paramAtma darzana hai| svabhAvadazA meM ramaNa hai| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki dhyAna isa Atma-darzana meM kaise sahAyaka hotA hai? * dhyAna meM zarIra ko sthira rakhakara AMkha banda karanI hotI hai| jaise hI AMkha banda hotI hai-vyakti kA sambandha bAhya jagata se TUTakara antarjagata se juDatA hai, antara kA paridRzya sAmane AtA hai, aba hamArI cetanA kA viSaya bAhya vastueM na hokara manosRjanAeM hotI hai| jaba vyakti ina manosRjanAoM (saMkalpa-vikalpoM) kA draSTA banatA hai, use eka ora inakI para-nimittatA (vibhAvarUpatA) kA bodha hotA hai tathA dUsarI ora apane sAkSI svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai| AtmaanAtma kA viveka yA sva-para ke bheda kA jJAna hotA hai| kartA-bhoktA bhAva ke vikalpa kSINa hone lagate haiN| eka nirvikalpa Atma-dazA kI anubhUti hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mana kI bhAga-dauDa samApta ho jAtI hai| manosRjanAeM yA saMkalpa-vikalpa vilIna hone lagate haiN| cetanA kI sabhI vikalatAeM samApta ho jAtI haiN| mana AtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| sahaja-samAdhi prakaTa hotI hai| isa prakAra AkAMkSAoM, vAsanAoM, saMkalpa-vikalpoM evaM tanAvoM se mukta hone para eka aparimita nirapekSa Ananda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| AtmA apane cidAnanda svarUpa meM lIna rahatA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna AtmA ko paramAtmA yA zuddhAtmA se jor3atA hai| ataH vaha AtmasAkSAtkAra yA paramAtmA ke darzana kI eka kalA hai| dhyAna mukti kA anyatama kAraNa jainadharma meM dhyAna ko mukti kA anyatama kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke jina 14 sopAnoM (guNasthAnoM) kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM antima guNasthAna ko ayogI kevalI guNa-sthAna kahA gayA hai| ayogI kevalI guNasthAna vaha avasthA hai jisameM vItarAga-AtmA apane kAyayoga, vacanayoga, manoyoga arthAta zarIra, vANI aura mana kI gatividhiyoM kA nirodha kara letA hai aura unake niruddha hone para hI vaha mukti yA nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha prakriyA sambhava hai zukladhyAna ke caturtha caraNa vyUparata kriyA nivRtti ke dvaaraa| ataH dhyAnamokSa kAanyatama kAraNa hai| jaina paramparA meM dhyAna meM sthita hone ke pUrva jina padoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai ve nimna haiM
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________________ ThANeNaM moNeNaM jhANeNaM appANaM vosirAmiH - . arthAta "maiM zarIra se sthira hokara, vANI se mauna hokara, mana ko dhyAna meM niyojita kara zarIra ke prati mamatva kA parityAga karatA huuN|" yahAM hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki appANaM vosirAmi kA artha, AtmA kA visarjana karanA nahIM hai, apitu deha ke prati apanepana ke bhAva kA visarjana karanA hai| kyoMki visarjana yA parityAga AtmA kA nahIM, apanepana ke bhAva arthAta mamatva buddhi kA hotA hai| jaba kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika kriyAoM para pUrNa niyaMtraNa sthApita ho jAtA hai tabhI dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai aura jaba dhyAna siddha ho jAtA hai to AtmA ayoga dazA arthAta mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki dhyAna mokSa kA anyatama kAraNa hai| jaina paramparA meM dhyAna Antarika tapa kA eka prakAra hai| isa Antarika tapa ko Atma-vizuddhi kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki "AtmA tapa se parizuddha hotI hai| samyak jJAna se vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai| samyak darzana se tattva-zraddhA utpanna hotI hai| samyak cAritra Asrava kA nirodha karatA hai| kintu ina tInoM se bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hotI, mukti kA antima kAraNa to nirjarA hai| sampUrNa karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAnA hI mukti hai aura karmoM kI tapa se hI nirjarA hotI hai| ataH dhyAna tapa kA eka viziSTa rUpa hai, jo Atmazuddhi kA anyatama kAraNa hai| vaise yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki AtmA vyuparata kriyA nivRtti nAmaka zukla dhyAna meM ArUDha hokara hI mukti ko prApta hotA hai| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina sAdhanA vidhi meM dhyAna mukti kA anyatama kAraNa hai| dhyAna eka aisI avasthA hai jaba AtmA pUrNa rUpa se 'sva' meM sthita hotA hai aura AtmA kA 'sva' meM sthita honA hI mukti yA nirvANa kI avasthA hai| ataH dhyAna hI mukti bana jAtA hai| yoga darzana meM dhyAna ko samAdhi kA pUrva caraNa mAnA gayA hai| usameM bhI dhyAna se hI samAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| dhyAna jaba apanI pUrNatA para pahuMcatA hai to vahI samAdhi bana jAtA hai| dhyAna kI isa nirvikalpa dazA ko na kevala jaina-darzana meM, apitu sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA meM aura na kevala sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA meM apitu sabhI dharmoM kI sAdhanA vidhiyoM meM mukti kA aMtima upAya mAnA gayA hai| yoga cAhe citta vRttiyoM ke nirodha rUpa meM nirvikalpa samAdhi ho yA AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA ho, vaha dhyAna hI hai| 1) AvazyakasUtra - AgArasUtra (zramaNasUtra-amaramuni) pra. saM. pR. 376 2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra 28/35
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________________ 53 dhyAna aura samAdhi sarvArtha siddhi aura tattvArthavArtika meM samAdhi ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra koSThAgAra meM lagI huI Aga ko zAnta karanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra muni-jIvana ke zIlavratoM meM lagI huI vAsanA yA AkAMkSArUpI agni kA prazamana karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| yahI samAdhi hai| ghavalA meM AcArya vIrasena ne jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM samyak avasthiti ko hI samAdhi kahA hai| vastutaH cittavRtti kA udvelita honA hI asamAdhi hai aura unakI isa udvignatA kA samApta ho jAnA hI samAdhi hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba vAya ke saMyoga se jala taraMgAyita hotA hai to usa taraMgita jala meM rahI huI vastuoM kA bodha nahIM hotA, usI prakAra tanAvayukta udvigna citta meM AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA hai| citta kI isa udvignatA kA yA tanAva yukta sthiti kA samApta honA hI samAdhi hai| dhyAna bhI vastutaH citta kI vaha niSprakampa avasthA hai jisameM AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSI hotA hai| vaha citta kI samatvapUrNa sthiti hai| ataH dhyAna aura samAdhi samAnArthaka hai; phira bhI donoM meM eka sUkSma antara hai| vaha antara isa rUpa meM hai ki dhyAna samAdhi kA sAdhana hai aura samAdhi sAdhya hai| yogadarzana ke aSTAMga yoga meM samAdhi kA pUrva caraNa dhyAna mAnA gayA hai| dhyAna jaba siddha ho jAtA hai, taba vaha samAdhi bana jAtA hai| vastutaH donoM eka hI hai| dhyAna kI pUrNatA samAdhi meM hai| yadyapi donoM me hI cittavRtti kI niSprakaMpatA yA samatva kI sthiti Avazyaka hai| eka meM usa niSprakampatA yA samatva kA abhyAsa hotA hai aura dUsare meM vaha avasthA sahaja ho jAtI hai| dhyAna aura yoga yahAM dhyAna kA yoga se kyA saMbaMdha hai? yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA mana, vANI aura zarIra kI gatizIlatA ko yoga kahA jAtA hai| usake anusAra sAmAnya rUpa se samagra sAdhanA aura vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna-sAdhanA kA prayojana yoga-nirodha hI hai| vastutaH mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyAoM meM jinheM jaina paramparA meM yoga kahA gayA hai, mana kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| vAcika yoga aura kAyika-yoga, manoyoga para, hI nirbhara karate haiN| jaba mana kI caMcalatA samApta hotI hai to sahaja hI zArIrika aura vAcika kriyAoM meM zaithilya A jAtA hai, kyoMki unake mUla meM vyakta yA avyakta mana hI hai| ataH mana kI sakriyatA ke nirodha se hI yoga-nirodha saMbhava hai| yogadarzana bhI jo yoga para sarvAdhika bala detA hai, yaha mAnatA hai ki cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha hI yoga hai|5 vastutaH jahAM citta kI caMcalatA samApta hotI hai, vahIM sAdhanA kI pUrNatA hai aura 1) tattvArtha vArtika 6 / 24 / 8 2) ghavalA pustaka 8, pR. 88 (dasaNa-NANa-carittesu sammamavaTThANaM samAhI) 3) yoga : samAdhi : dhyAnamityanarthAntaramA tattvArtha rAjavArtika 6 / 1 / 12 4) kAyavADmanaH karma yogH| tattvArthasUtra 61 5) yogazcitta vRtti nirodhH| yogasUtra 12 (pataMjali)
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________________ 54 vahI pUrNatA dhyAna hai| citta kI caMcalatA athavA mana kI bhAga daur3a ko samApta karanA hI jaina-sAdhanA aura yoga- sAdhanA donoM kA lakSya hai| isa dRSTi se dekheM to jaina darzana meM dhyAna kI jo paribhASA dI jAtI hai vahI paribhASA yoga darzana meM yoga kI dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra dhyAna aura yoga paryAyavAcI bana jAte haiN| ... yoga zabda kA eka artha jor3anA bhI hai| isa dRSTi se AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA ko yoga kahA gayA hai aura isI artha se yoga ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| apane isa dUsare artha meM bhI yoga zabda dhyAna kA samAnArthaka hI siddha hotA hai, kyoMki dhyAna hI sAdhaka ko apane meM hI sthita paramAtmA (zuddhAtmA) yA mukti se jor3atA hai| vastutaH jaba cittavRttiyoM kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai citta prazAnta aura niSprakampa ho jAtA hai, to vahI dhyAna hotA hai, vahI samAdhi hotA hai aura use hI yoga kahA jAtA hai| kintu jaba kArya-kAraNa bhAva athavA sAdhyasAdhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to dhyAna sAdhana hotA hai, samAdhi sAdhya hotI hai| sAdhana se sAdhya kI upalabdhi hI yoga kahI jAtI hai| dhyAna aura kAyotsarga jaina sAdhanA meM tapa ke vargIkaraNa meM Abhyantara tapa ke jo chaha prakAra batalAe gaye haiM, unameM dhyAna aura kAyotsarga ina donoM kA alaga-alaga ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM dhyAna aura kAyotsarga do bhinna bhinna sthitiyAM haiN| dhyAna cetanA ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karane kA abhyAsa hai to kAyotsarga zarIra ke niyantraNa kA eka abhyaas| yadyapi yahAM kAyA (zarIra) vyApaka artha meM grahIta hai| smaraNa rahe ki mana aura vAk ye zarIra ke Azrita hI haiN| zAbdika dRSTi se kAyotsarga zabda kA artha hotA hai 'kAyA' kA utsarga arthAta deha-tyAgA lekina jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka zarIra kA tyAga to saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH kAyotsarga kA matalaba hai deha ke prati mamatva kA tyAga, dUsare zabdoM meM zArIrika gatividhiyoM kA kartA na banakara draSTA bana jaanaa| vaha zarIra kI mAtra aicchika gatividhiyoM kA niyantraNa hai| zArIrika gatividhiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI hotI haiM- eka svacAlita aura dUsarI aicchikA kAyotsarga meM sTAlita gatividhiyoM kA nahIM, apitu aicchika gatividhiyoM kA niyantraNa kiyA jAtA hai| sarga karane se pUrva jo AgArasUtra kA pATha bolA jAtA hai usameM zvasana-prakriyA, chIMka, jambhAI Adi svacAlita zArIrika gatividhiyoM kA nirodha nahIM karane kA hI spaSTa ullekha hai| ataH kAyotsarga 1) 'yujapI yoge' hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa 7 2) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 30 / 30 (jhANaM ca viussaggo eso anbhintaro tavo) 3) AvazyakasUtra-AgArasUtra
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________________ 55 aicchika zArIrika gatavidhiyoM ke nirodha kA prayatna hai| yadyapi aicichaka gatividhiyoM kA kendra mAnavIya mana athavA cetanA hI hai| ataH kAyotsarga kI prakriyA dhyAna kI prakriyA ke sAtha aparihArya rUpa se jur3I huI hai| eka anya dRSTi se kAyotsarga ko deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha deha meM rahakara bhI kartAbhAva se upara uThakara draSTAbhAva meM sthita honA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki cittavRttiyoM ke vicalana meM zarIra bhI eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karatA hai| hama zarIra aura indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI bAhya viSayoM se jur3ate haiM aura unakI anubhUti karate haiN| isa anubhUti kA anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva hamArI cittavRtti para par3atA hai| jo citta vicalana kA yA rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| citta (mana) aura dhyAna ke jaina darzana meM mana kI cAra vyavasthAeM - jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparAoM meM citta yA mana dhyAna sAdhanA kI AdhArabhUmi hai, ataH citta kI vibhinna vyavasthAoM para vyakti ke dhyAna sAdhanA ke vikAsa ko A~kA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra ne mana kI cAra avasthAe~ mAnI haiM 1) vikSipta mana, 2) yAtAyAta mana, 3) zliSTa mana aura 4) sulIna manA 1) vikSipta mana - yaha mana kI asthira avasthA hai, isameM citta caMcala hotA hai, idhara udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai, isake Alambana pramukhatayA bAhya viSaya hI hote haiN| isameM saMkalpa-vikalpa yA vicAroM kI bhAga-daur3a macI rahatI hai, ataH isa avasthA meM mAnasika zAnti kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha citta pUrI taraha bahirmukhI hotA hai| 2) yAtAyAta mana - yAtAyAta mana kabhI bAhya viSayoM kI ora jAtA hai to kabhI apane meM sthita hone kA prayatna karatA hai| yaha yogAbhyAsa ke prArambha kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta apane pUrvAbhyAsa ke kAraNa bAharI viSayoM kI ora daur3atA rahatA hai, vaise thoDe bahuta prayatna se use sthira kara liyA jAtA hai| kucha samaya usa para sthira rahakara punaH bAhya viSayoM ke saMkalpa-vikalpa meM ulajha jAtA hai| jaba-jaba kucha sthira hotA hai taba mAnasika zAnti evaM Ananda kA anubhava karane lagatA hai| yAtAyAta citta kathaMcit antarmukhI aura kathaMcita bahirmukhI hotA hai| . 3) zliSTa mana - yaha mana kI sthiratA kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kI sthiratA kA AdhAra yA Alambana viSaya hotA hai| isameM jaise jaise sthiratA AtI hai, Ananda bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| 1) yogazAstra, 12/2
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________________ 56 4) sulIna mana - yaha mana kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM saMkalpa-vikalpa evaM mAnasika vRttiyoM kA laya ho jAtA hai| isako mana kI niruddhAvasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha paramAnanda kI avasthA hai, kyoMki isameM sabhI vAsanAoM kA vilaya ho jAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM citta kI cAra avasthAe~ - abhighammatthasaMgaho ke anusAra bauddha darzana meM bhI citta (mana) cAra prakAra kA hai-1. kAmAvacara, 2. rUpAvacara, 3. arUpAvacara aura 4. lokottr| 1) kAmAvacara citta - yaha citta kI vaha avasthA hai, jisameM kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM kA prAdhAnya hotA hai| isameM vitarka evaM vicAroM kI adhikatA hotI hai| mana sAMsArika bhogoM ke pIche bhaTakatA rahatA hai| 2) rUpAvacara citta - isa avasthA meM vitarka-vicAra to hote haiM, lekina ekAgratA kA prayatna bhI hotA hai| citta kA Alambana bAhya sthUla viSaya hI hote haiN| yaha yogAbhyAsI citta kI prAthamika avasthA hai| . 3) arUpAvacara cita - isa avasthA meM citta kA Alambana rUpavAna bAhya padArtha nahIM hai| isa stara para citta kI vRttiyoM meM sthiratA hotI hai lekina usakI ekAgratA nirviSaya nahIM hotii| usake viSaya atyanta sUkSma jaise ananta AkAza, ananta vijJAna yA akiMcanatA hote haiN| 4) lokottara citta - isa avasthA meM vAsanA-saMskAra, rAga-dveSa evaM moha kA prahANa ho jAtA hai| citta vikalpazUnya ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti kara lene para nizcita rUpa se arhata pada evaM nirvANa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| ___ yogadarzana meM citta kI pA~ca avasthAe~ - yogadarzana meM cittabhUmi (mAnasika avasthA) ke pA~ca prakAra haiM:- 1. kSipta, 2. mUr3ha, 3. vikSipta, 4. ekAgra aura 5. niruddhAra 1) kSipta citta - isa avasthA meM citta rajogaNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai aura eka viSaya se dUsare viSaya para dauDatA rahatA hai| sthiratA nahIM rahatI hai| yaha avasthA yoga ke anukUla nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM mana aura indriyoM para saMyama nahIM rhtaa| 2) mUDha citta - isa avasthA meM tama kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura isase nidrA, Alasya Adi kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| nidrAvasthA meM citta kI vRttiyoM kA kucha kAla ke 1) abhidhammatthasaMgaho, pa. 1 2) bhAratIya darzana (dattA) pR. 190
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________________ 57 lie tirobhAva ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha avasthA yogAvasthA nahIM hai| kyoMki isameM AtmA sAkSI bhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| 3) vikSipta citta - vikSiptAvasthA meM mana thor3I dera ke lie eka viSaya meM lagatA para turanta hI anya viSaya kI ora daur3a jAtA hai aura pahalA viSaya chUTa jAtA hai| yaha citta kI AMzika sthiratA kI avasthA hai| 4) ekAgra citta - yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM citta dera taka eka viSaya para lagA rahatA hai| yaha kisI vastu para mAnasika kendrIkaraNa yA dhyAna kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kisI viSaya para vicAra yA dhyAna karatA rahatA hai| isalie isameM bhI sabhI cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM hotA, tathApi yaha yoga kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| 5) niruddha citta- isa avasthA meM citta kI sabhI vRttiyoM kA (dhyeya viSaya taka kA bhI) lopa ho jAtA hai aura citta apanI svAbhAvika sthira zAMta avasthA meM A jAtA hai|| jaina, bauddha aura yoga darzana meM mana kI ina vibhinna avasthAoM ke nAmoM meM cAhe antara ho, lekina unake mUlabhUta dRSTikoNa meM koI antara nahIM hai, jaisA ki nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hai| jaina darzana bauddha darzana yogadarzana vikSipta kAmAvacara kSipta evaM mUr3ha yAtAyAta vikSipta zliSTa arUpAvacara ekAgra sulIna lokottara niruddha jaina darzana kA vikSipta mana, bauddha darzana kA kAmAvacara citta aura yogadarzana ke kSipta aura mUr3ha citta samAnArthaka haiM, kyoMki sabhI ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM vAsanAoM evaM kAmanAoM kI bahulatA hotI hai| isI prakAra jaina darzana kA yAtAyAta mana, bauddha darzana kA rupAvacara citta aura yogadarzana kA vikSipta citta bhI samAnArthaka haiM, sAmAnyatayA sabhI ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM alpakAlika sthiratA hotI hai tathA vAsanAoM ke vega meM thoDI kamI avazya ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jainadarzana kA zliSTa mana, bauddha-darzana kA arUpAvacara citta aura yogadarzana kA ekAgracitta bhI samAna hI haiN| sabhI ne isako mana kI sthiratA kI avasthA kahA hai| citta kI antima avasthA jise jaina darzana meM sulInamana, bauddhadarzana meM lokottara citta aura yogadarzana meM niruddha citta kahA gayA hai bhI samAna artha ke dyotaka haiN| isameM vAsanA, saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa kA pUrNa abhAva ho nAtA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kA lakSya citta kI isa vAsanA saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa se rahita avasthA ko prApta karanA hai| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki krama se abhyAsa bar3hAte hue rUpAvacara
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________________ 58 arthAt vikSipta se yAtAyAta citta kA, yAtAyAta se zliSTa kA aura zliSTa se sulIna citta kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| isa taraha abhyAsa karane se nirAlambana dhyAna hone lagatA hai| nirAlambana dhyAna se samatva prApta karake paramAnanda kA anubhava karanA caahie| yogI ko cAhie ki vaha bahirAtmabhAva kA tyAga karake antarAtmA ke sAtha sAmIpya sthApita kare aura paramAtmamaya banane ke lie nirantara paramAtmA kA dhyAna kre| - isa prakAra citta-vRttiyoM yA vAsanAoM kA vilayana hI samAlocya dhyAnaparamparAoM kA pramukha lakSya rahA hai kyoMki vAsanAoM dvArA hI mana-kSobhita hotA hai, jisase cetanA ke samatva kA bhaMga hotA hai| dhyAna isI samatva yA samAdhi ko prApta karane kI sAdhanA hai| dhyAna kA sAmAnya artha - ___ dhyAna zabda kA sAmAnya artha cetanA kA kisI eka viSaya yA bindu para kendrita honA hai| cetanA jisa viSaya para kendrita hotI hai vaha prazasta yA aprazasta donoM hI ho sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para dhyAna ke do rUpa nirdhArita hue -1) prazasta aura 2) aprshst| usameM bhI aprazasta dhyAna ke panaH do rUpa mAne gaye-1) Arta aura 2) raudr| prazasta dhyAna ke bhI do rUpa mAne gaye-1) dharma aura 2) zuklA jaba cetanA rAga yA Asakti meM DUba kara kisI vastu aura usakI upalabdhi kI AzA para kendrita hotI hai to use Arta dhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| aprApta vastu kI prApti kI AkAMkSA yA prAptavastu ke viyoga kI saMbhAvanA kI cintA meM citta kA DUbanA Arta dhyAna hai|3 ArtadhyAna citta ke avasAda/viSAda kI avasthA hai| jaba koI upalabdha anukUla viSayoM ke viyoga kA yA aprApta anukUla viSayoM kI upalabdhi meM avarodha kA nimitta banatA hai to usa para Akroza kA jo sthAyIbhAva hotA hai, vahI raudradhyAna hai| isa prakAra Arta dhyAna rAgamUlaka hotA hai aura raudra dhyAna dveSa mUlaka hotA hai| rAga-dveSa ke nimitta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ye donoM dhyAna saMsAra ke janaka haiM, ataH aprazasta mAne gaye haiN| inake viparIta dharmadhyAna aura zukla dhyAna prazasta mAne gaye haiN| merI dRSTi meM sva-para ke liye kalyANakArI viSayoM para cittavRtti kA sthira honA dharmadhyAna hai| yaha lokamaMgala aura Atma vizuddhi kA sAdhaka hotA hai| cUMki dharmadhyAna meM bhoktAbhAva hotA hai, ataH yaha zubha Asrava kA kAraNa hotA hai| jaba AtmA yA citta kI vRttiyA~ sAkSIbhAva yA jJAtA draSTA bhAva meM avasthita hotI hai, taba sAdhaka na to kartAbhAva se juDatA hai aura na bhoktAbhAva se jur3atA hai, yahI sAkSIbhAva kI avasthA hI zukla dhyAna hai| isameM citta zubha-azubha donoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| 1) yogazAstra, 12/5-6 2) tattvArthasUtra 9 / 27, 3) vahI 9:31, 4) vahI 9 / 36.
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________________ 59 ARUNNAOPARAN jyAna zabda kI jaina paribhASAe~ ke sAmAnyatayA adhyavasAyoM (cittavRtti) kA sthira honA hI dhyAna kahA gayA hai| dUsare bdoM meM mana kI ekAgratA ko prApta honA hI dhyAna hai| hai. isake viparIta jo mana caMcala hai use bhAvanA, anuprekSA athavA cintA kahA jAtA aura isa prakAra dhyAna vaha sthiti hai jisameM citta vRtti kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha kisI eka viSaya para kendrita ho jAtI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki aneka arthoM 7 Alambana TenevAlI cintA kA nirodha dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jaba cintana ko anyAnya viSayoM se haTA kara kisI eka hI vastu meM kendrita kara diyA jAtA hai to vaha dhyAna bana jAtA hai| yadyapi bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM eka ora cintA nirodha se utpanna ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai kintu dUsarI ora usameM rAga-dveSa aura mithyAtva se rahita hokara padArtha kI yathArthatA ko grahaNa karanevAlA jo viSayAntara ke saMcAra se rahita jJAna hotA hai, use dhyAna kahA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda paMcAstikAya meM dhyAna ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki darzana aura jJAna se paripUrNa aura anya dravya ke saMsarga se rahita cetanA kI jo avasthA hai vahI dhyAna hai| isa gAthA meM paNDita bAlacandrajI siddhAnta zAstrI ne "daMsaNaNANa samaggaM' kA artha samyak-darzana va samyak jJAna se paripUrNa kiyA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha artha ucita nahIM hai| darzana aura jJAna kI samagratA (samaggaM) kA artha hai jJAna kA bhI nirvikalpa avasthA meM honaa| sAmAnyatayA jJAna vikalpAtmaka hotA hai aura darzana nirviklp| kintu jaba jJAna citta kI vikalpatA se rahita hokara darzana se abhinna ho jAtA hai, to vahIM dhyAna ho jAtA hai| isIlie anyatra kahA bhI hai ki jJAna se hI dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai|5 dhyAna zabda kI ina paribhASAoM meM hameM spaSTa rUpa se eka vikAsakrama parilakSita hotA hai| phira bhI mUla rUpa meM ye paribhASAeM eka dUsare kI virodhI nahIM haiN| citta kA vividha vikalpoM se rahita hokara eka vikalpa para sthira ho mAnA aura anta meM nirvikalpa ho jAnA hI dhyAna hai| kyoMki dhyAna kI antima avasthA meM sabhI vikalpa samApta ho jAte haiN| dhyAna kA kSetra * dhyAna ke sAdhana do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM-eka bahiraMga aura dUsarA antrNg| dhyAna ke bahiraMga sAdhanoM meM dhyAna ke ye gya sthAna (kSetra), Asana, kAla Adi kA vicAra kiyA 1) dhyAnastava (jinabhadra, pra. vIra sevA maMdira) 2 2) tattvArthasUtra 9 / 27 3) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA - dekheM dhyAna zataka prastAvanA pR. 26 4) paMcAstikAya 152 5) NANeNa jhANasiddhi
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________________ 60 jAtA hai aura antaraMga sAdhanoM meM dhyeya viSaya aura dhyAtA ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai ki dhyAna ke yogya kSetra kauna se ho sakate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM ki 'jo stha nikRSTa svabhAvavAle logoM se sevita ho, duSTa rAjA se zAsita ho, pAkhaNDiyoM ke samUha vyApta ho, juAriyoM, madyapiyoM aura vyabhicAriyoM se yukta ho aura jahAM kA vAtAvara azAnta ho, jahAM senA kA saMcAra ho rahA ho, gIta, vAditra Adi ke svara gUMja rahe hoM, jA jantuoM tathA napuMsaka Adi nikRSTa prakRti ke janoM kA vicaraNa ho, vaha sthAna dhyAna yogya nahIM hai| isI prakAra kAMTe, patthara, kIcar3a, haDDI, rudhira Adi se dUSita tathA ko ullU, zRgAla, kuttoM Adi se sevita sthAna bhI dhyAna ke yogya nahIM hote| ___ yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki pariveza kA prabhAva hamArI cittavRttiyoM para par3atA hai| dhA sthaloM evaM nIrava sAdhanA-kSetroM Adi meM jo nirAkulatA hotI hai tathA unameM jo evaM viziSTa prakAra kI zAnti hotI hai, vaha dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie upayukta hotI hai| ata dhyAna karate samaya sAdhaka ko kSetra kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| saMyamI sAdhaka ko sama taTa, nadI-taTa, athavA sarovara ke taTa, parvata zikhara athavA guphA kiMvA prAkRtika dRSTi nIrava aura sundara pradezoM ko athavA jinAlaya Adi dharma sthAnoM ko hI dhyAna ke kSetra rUpa meM cunanA caahie| dhyAna kI dizA ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna lie pUrva yA uttara dizA abhimukha hokara baiThanA caahiye| dhyAna ke Asana - dhyAna ke AsanoM ko lekara bhI jaina granthoM meM paryApta rUpa se vicAra huA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se padmAsana, paryakAsana evaM khaDgAsana dhyAna ke uttama Asana mAne gaye haiN| dhyAna ke AsanoM ke saMbaMdha meM jaina AcAryoM kI mUladRSTi yaha hai ki jina AsanoM se zarIra aura mana para tanAva nahIM paDatA ho aise sukhAsana hI dhyAna ke yogya Asana mAne jA sakave haiN| jina AsanoM kA abhyAsa sAdhaka ne kara rakhA ho aura jina AsanoM meM vaha adhika samaya taka sukhapUrvaka baiTha sakatA ho tathA jinake kAraNa usakA zarIra sveda ko prApta nahIM hotA ho, ve hI Asana dhyAna ke liye zreSTha Asana haiN|2 sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM padmAsana aura khaDgAsana hI dhyAna ke adhika pracalita Asana rahe haiN| kintu mahAvIra ke dvArA goduhAsana meM dhyAna karake kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bhI ullekha haiN| samAdhimaraNa yA zArIrika azakti kI sthiti meM leTe leTe bhI dhyAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1) jJAnArNava 27/23-32 2) jJAnArNava 28.11 3) jJAnArNava 28 / 10 4) 'godohiyAe ukkuDayanilijjAe' kalpasUtra 120
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________________ nakA kAlake sAmAnyatayA sabhI kAloM meM zubha bhAva saMbhava hone se dhyAna sAdhanA kA koI viziSTa mila nahIM kahA gayA hai| kintu jahAM taka muni samAcArI kA prazna hai, uttarAdhyayana meM sAmAnya se madhyAhna aura madhyarAtri ko dhyAna ke lie upayukta samaya batAyA gayA hai|' bhAsakadazAMga meM sakaDAla putra ke dvArA madhyAhna meM dhyAna karane kA nirdeza hai| kahIM kahIM taHkAla aura sandhyAkAla meM bhI dhyAna karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| zAna kI samayAvadhi * jaina AcAryoM ne isa prazna para bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai ki kisI sakti kI citta vRtti adhikatama kitane samaya taka eka viSaya para sthira raha sakatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM unakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki kisI eka viSaya para akhaNDita rUpa se citta vRtti antarmuhUrta se adhika sthira nahIM raha sktii| antarmuhUrta se unakA tAtparya eka kSaNa se kucha vadhika tathA 48 minaTa se kucha kama hai| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki dhyAna antarmuhUrta se adhika samaya taka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki itane kAla ke vAt dhyAna khaNDita hotA hai, kintu cittavRtti ko punaH niyojita karake dhyAna ko eka hara yA rAtriparyaMta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| mona aura zarIra racanAaura jaina AcAryoM ne dhyAna kA saMbaMdha zarIra se bhI jor3A hai| yaha anubhUta tathya hai ki la, svastha aura sugaThita zarIra hI dhyAna ke lie adhika yogya hotA hai| yadi zarIra la hai, sugaThita nahIM hai to zArIrika gatavidhiyoM ko adhika samaya taka niyantrita nahIM yA jA sakatA hai aura yadi zArIrika gatividhiyAM niyaMtrita nahIM raheMgI to citta bhI mantrita nahIM rhegaa| zarIra aura cittavRttiyoM meM eka gaharA saMbaMdha hai| zArIrika vikalatAeM sako vikala banA detI haiM aura caittasika vikalatAeM zarIra ko| ataH yaha mAnA gayA hai dhyAna ke lie sabala niroga aura sugaThita zarIra Avazyaka hai| tattvArthasUtra meM to dhyAna paribhASA dete hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki uttama saMhanana vAle kA eka viSaya aMtakaraNa kI vRtti kA niyojana dhyAna hai| jaina AcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki chaH prakAra kI sIrika saMracanA meM se vajrarSabhanArAca, ardhavajrarSabhanArAca, nArAca aura ardhanArAca ye cAra rIrika saMracanAeM hI (saMhanana) dhyAna ke yogya hotI haiN| yadyapi hameM yahAM smaraNa rakhanA hie ki zArIrika saMracanA kA sahasaMbaMdha mukhya rUpa se prazasta dhyAnoM se hI hai, aprazasta 1) uttarAdhyana sUtra 26 / 12 2) upAsakadazAMga 8 / 182 3) uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracitta nirodho dhyaanm| tattvArthasUtra-9.26 4) tattvArtha svopajJa bhASya, umAsvAti 9 / 26
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________________ 62 dhyAnoM se nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki zarIraM cittavRtti kI sthiratA kA mukhya kAraNa hotA ataH dhyAna kI ve sthitiyAM jinakA viSaya prazasta hotA hai aura jinake lie cittavRtti adhika samaya taka sthiratA Avazyaka hotI hai ve kevala sabala zarIra meM hI sambhava ho, haiN| kintu aprazasta Arta, raudra Adi dhyAna to nirbala zarIravAloM ko hI adhika hote| azakta yA durbala vyakti hI adhika cintita evaM cir3acir3A hotA hai| dhyAna kisakA? dhyAna ke sandarbha meM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki dhyAna kisakA ki jAye? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyeya yA dhyAna kA Alambana kyA hai? sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra kara para to kisI bhI vastu yA viSaya ko dhyeya/dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA sakatA hai, kyoMki sabhI vastuoM yA viSayoM meM kama-adhika rUpa meM dhyAnAkarSaNa kI kSamada to hotI hI hai| cAhe saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya dhyAna ke Alambana hone kI pAtratA rakhate haiN| kintu una sabhI ko dhyAna kA Alambana nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| vyakti ke prayojana AdhAra para hI unameM se koI eka viSaya hI dhyAna kA Alambana banatA hai| ataH dhyAna Alambana kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai ki dhyAna ke uddezya yA prayojana kyA hai? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyAna hama kisalie karanA cAhate haiM? isaka nirdhAraNa sarvaprathama Avazyaka hotA hai| vaise to saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya citta ko kendriA karane kA sAmarthya rakhate haiM, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki binA kisI pUrva vicAra de unheM dhyAna kA Alambana athavA dhyeya banAyA jaaye| kisI strI kA sundara shrii| dhyAnAkarSaNa yA dhyAna kA Alambana hone kI yogyatA to rakhatA hai kintu jo sAdhaka dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vikSobha yA tanAvamukta honA cAhatA hai, usake lie yaha ucita nahIM hogA ki vaha strI ke sundara zarIra ko apane dhyAna kA viSaya bnaaye| kyoMki use dhyAna kA viSaya banAne se usake mana meM usake prati rAgAtmakatA utpanna hogI, vAsanA jagegI aura pAne kI AkAMkSA yA bhoga kI AkAMkSA se citta meM vikSobha paidA hogaa| ataH kisI bhI vastu ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAne ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai ki hamAre dhyAna kA prayojana yA uddezya kyA hai? jo vyakti apanI vAsanAoM kA poSaNa cAhatA hai, vahI strIzarIra ke saundarya ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai aura usake mAdhyama se ArtadhyAna kA bhAgIdAra banatA hai| kintu jo bhoga ke sthAna para tyAga aura vairAgya ko apane jIvana kA lakSya banAnA cAhatA hai, jo samAdhi kA icchuka hai, usake lie strI-zarIra kI bIbhatsatA aura vidrUpatA hI dhyAna kA Alambana hogii| ataH dhyAna ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI dhyeya kA nirdhAraNa karanA hotA hai| punaH dhyAna kI prazastatA aura aprazastatA bhI usake dhyeya yA Alambana para AdhArita hotI hai, ataH prazasta dhyAna ke sAdhaka aprazasta viSayoM ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana yA dhyeya nahIM banAte haiN| pa
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________________ 63 jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM prAthamika stara para dhyAna ke lie kisI dhyeya yA mAlambana kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA Alambana hI citta kI vRttiyoM ko kendrita karanA sambhava nahIM hotA hai| ve sabhI viSaya aura vastueM jinameM vyakti kA mana rama jAtA hai, dhyAna kA Alambana banane kI yogyatA to rakhatI haiM, kintu unameM se kisI eka ko apane yAna kA Alambana banAte samaya vyakti ko yaha vicAra karanA hotA hai ki usase vaha rAga kI ora jAyegA yA virAga kI ora, usake citta meM vAsanA aura vikSobha jageMge yA samAdhi mdhegii| yadi sAdhaka kA uddezya dhyAna ke mAdhyama se citta-vikSobhoM ko dUra karake samAdhilAbha yA samatA-bhAva ko prApta karanA hai,to use prazasta viSayoM ko hI apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAnA hogaa| prazasta Alambana hI vyakti ko prazasta dhyAna kI dizA kI ora le jAtA hai| ___ dhyAna ke Alambana ke prazasta viSayoM meM paramAtmA yA Izvara kA sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM vItarAga paramAtmA ko dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| cAhe dhyAna padastha ho yA piNDastha, rUpastha ho yA rUpAtIta; dhyeya to paramAtmA hI hai| kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jainadharma meM mAtmA aura paramAtmA bhinna nahIM haiN| AtmA kI zuddhadazA hI paramAtmA hai| isalie jaina darzana meM dhyAtA aura dhyeya abhinna haiN| sAdhaka AtmA dhyAnasAdhanA meM apane hI zuddha svarUpa ko dhyeya banAtA hai| AtmA, AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA hI dhyAna karatA hai|3 jisa puramAtma-svarUpa ko dhyAtA dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai vaha usakA apanA hI zuddha svarUpa hai| punaH dhyAna meM jo dhyeya banatA hai vaha vastu nahIM, citta kI vRtti hotI hai| myAna meM citta hI dhyeya kA AkAra grahaNa karake hamAre sAmane upasthita hotA hai| ataH dhyAtA pro citta hai aura dhyeya bhI citta hai| jise hama dhyeya kahate haiM, vaha hamArA apanA hI nija rUpa 6, hamArA apanA hI projekzana (Projection) hai| dhyAna vaha kalA hai jisameM dhyAtA apane ko hI dhyeya banAkara svayaM usakA sAkSI banatA hai| hamArI vRttiyA~ hI hamAre dhyAna kA mAlambana hotI haiM aura unake mAdhyama se hama apanA hI darzana karate haiN| dhyAna ke adhikArI dhyAna ko vyApaka arthoM meM grahaNa karane para sabhI vyakti dhyAna ke adhikArI mAne jA sakate haiM, kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra Arta aura raudra dhyAna to nimnatama prANiyoM meM bhI 1) jJAnArNava - 32 / 95, 391-8, mokkhapAhuDa 7 2) appA so paramappA 3) tattvAnuzAsana 74 4) mokkhapAhuDa 5
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________________ 64 pAyA jAtA hai| apane vyApaka artha meM dhyAna meM prazasta aura aprazasta donoM hI prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hotA hai ki ina aprazasta dhyAnoM kI pAtratA to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se apUrNa rUpa se vikasita sabhI prANiyoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM rahI huI hai| nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva Adi sabhI meM ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna pAye jAte haiM / kintu jaba hama dhyAna kA tAtparya kevala prazasta dhyAna arthAt dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna se lete haiM to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki ina dhyAnoM ke adhikArI sabhI prANI nahIM haiN| umAsvAtI ne tattvArthasUtra meM kisa dhyAna kA kauna adhikArI hai isakA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI vizeSa carcA hamane dhyAna ke prakAroM ke prasaMga meM kI hai| sAdhAraNatayA caturtha guNasthAna arthAta samyakdarzana kI prApti ke pazcAt hI vyakti dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI banatA hai| dharmadhyAna kI pAtratA kevala samyak dRSTi jIvoM ko hI hai| Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA parityAga karake apane ko prazasta cintana se jor3ane kI sambhAvanA kevala usI vyakti meM ho sakatI hai, jisakA viveka jAgRta ho aura jo heya, jJeya aura upAdeya ke bheda ko samajhatA ho / jisa vyakti meM heya upAdeya athavA hitaahita ke bodha kA hI sAmarthya nahIM hai, vaha dharmadhyAna meM apane citta ko kendrita nahIM kara sakatA / - yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki Arta aura raudra dhyAna pUrva saMskAroM ke kAraNa vyakti meM sahaja hote haiN| unake lie vyakti ko vizeSa prayatna yA sAdhanA nahIM karanI hotI, jabaki dharmadhyAna ke lie sAdhanA (abhyAsa) Avazyaka hai| isIlie dharmadhyAna kevala samyakadRSTi ko hI ho sakatA hai| dharma dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke lie vyakti meM jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha vairAgya/virati bhI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai aura isalie kucha logoM kA yaha mAnanA bhI hai ki dharmadhyAna pAMcaveM guNasthAna arthAta dezavratI ko hI saMbhava hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki jahA~ Arta aura raudra dhyAna ke svAmI samyakadRSTi evaM mithyAdRSTi donoM prakAra ke jIva ho sakate haiM, vahA~ dharmadhyAna kA prazna adhikArI rUpa se samyakadRSTi zrAvaka aura vizeSarUpa se dezavirata zrAvaka yA muni hI ho sakatA hai| jahAM taka zukladhyAna kA prazna hai vaha sAtaveM guNasthAna ke apramatta jIvoM se lekara 14 veM ayogI kevalI guNasthAna taka ke sabhI vyaktiyoM meM sambhava hai| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara - digambara ke matabhedoM kI carcA dhyAna ke prakAroM ke prasaMga meM Age kI hai| isa prakAra dhyAnasAdhanA ke adhikArI vyakti bhinna-bhinna dhyAnoM kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna kahe gaye haiN| jo vyakti AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jitanA vikasita hotA hai, vaha dhyAna ke kSetra meM utanA hI Age bar3ha sakatA hai| ataH vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa usakI dhyAnasAdhanA se jur3A huA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura dhyAnasAdhanA meM vikAsa 1) dekheM - tattvArthasUtra 9 / 31-41
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________________ 65 kA krama anyonyAzrita haiN| jaise-jaise vyakti prazasta dhyAnoM kI dizA meM agrasara hotA hai usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai aura jaise-jaise usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai, vaha prazasta dhyAnoM kI aura agrasara hotA hai| dhyAna kA sAdhaka gRhastha yA zramaNa? ___ dhyAna kI kSamatA tyAgI aura bhogI donoM meM samAna rUpa se hotI hai, kintu aksara bhogI jisa viSaya para apanA dhyAna kendrita karatA hai vaha viSaya anta meM usake mana ko pramathita karake udvelita hI banAtA hai| ataH usake dhyAna meM yadyapi kucha kAla taka citta to sthira rahatA hai, kintu usakA phala cittavRttiyoM kI sthiratA na hokara asthiratA hI hotI hai| jisa dhyAna ke anta meM citta udvelita hotA ho vaha dhyAna sAdhanAtmaka dhyAna kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki paravartI jaina dArzanikoM ne apane granthoM meM ArtadhyAna aura raudra dhyAna ko dhyAna ke rUpa meM parigaNita hI nahIM kiyA, kyoMki ve antatogatvA citta kI udvignatA ke hI kAraNa banate haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki digambara paramparA ne yaha mAna liyA ki gRhastha kA jIvana vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura udvignatAoM se paripUrNa hai ataH ve dhyAna sAdhanA karane meM asamartha haiN| jJAnArNava meM isa mata kA pratipAdana huA hai ki gRhastha dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM hai|' isa saMbaMdha meM usakA kathana hai ki gRhastha pramAda ko jItane meM samartha nahIM hotA, isalie vaha apane caMcala mana ko vaza meM nahIM rakha paataa| phalataH vaha dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM ho sktaa| jJAnArNava kAra kA kathana hai ki gRhastha kA mana saiMkar3oM jhaMjhaToM se vyathita tathA duSTa tRSNA rUpa pizAca se pIr3ita rahatA hai isalie usameM rahakara vyakti dhyAna Adi kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA hai| jaba pralayakAlIna tIkSNa vAyu ke dvArA sthira svabhAvavAle bar3e-bar3e parvata bhI sthAna bhraSTa kara diye jAte haiM to phira strI-putra Adi ke bIca rahanevAle gRhastha ko jo svabhAva se hI caMcala haiM kyoM nahIM bhraSTa kiyA jA sakatA haiN| isa carcA ko Age bar3hAte hue jJAnArNavakAra to yahAM taka kahatA hai ki kadAcita AkAza kusuma aura gadhe ke sIMga (ga) saMbhava bhI hoM, lekina gRhastha jIvana meM kisI bhI deza aura kAla meM dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hotaa| isake sAtha hI jJAnArNavakAra mithyA dRSTiyoM, asthira abhiprAya vAloM tathA kapaTapUrNa jIvana jIne vAloM meM bhI dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA gRhastha jIvana meM dhyAna saMbhava hI nahIM hai| 1) jJAnArNava 4 / 10-15 2)vahI - 4116 3) vahI - 4117 4) vahI 4 / 18-19
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________________ 66 yaha sahI hai ki gRhastha jIvana meM aneka dvandva hote haiM aura gRhastha Arta aura raudra dhyAna meM adhikAMza samaya taka jur3A rahatA hai| kintu ekAnta rUpa se gRhastha meM dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| anyathA gRhastha liMga kI avadhAraNA khaNDita ho jaayegii| ataHgRhastha meM bhI dharma dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| yaha satya hai ki jo vyakti gRhastha jIvana ke prapaMcoM meM ulajhA huA hai, usake lie dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu gRhastha jIvana aura gRhI veza meM rahanevAle sabhI vyakti Asakta hI hote haiM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aneka samyakdRSTi gRhastha aise hote haiM jo jala meM kamalavat gRhastha jIvana meM alipta bhAva se rahate haiN| aise vyaktiyoM ke lie dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| svayaM jJAnArNavakAra yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki jo sAdhu mAtra veza meM anurAga rakhatA huA apane ko mahAna samajhatA hai aura dUsaroM ko hIna samajhatA hai vaha sAdhu bhI dhyAna ke yogya nahIM hai| ataH vyakti meM munivezadhAraNa karane se dhyAna kI pAtratA nahIM AtI hai| prazna yaha nahIM ki dhyAna gRhastha ko saMbhava hogA yA sAdhu ko? vastutaH nirlipta jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti cAhe vaha sAdhu ho yA gRhastha, usake lie dharmadhyAna saMbhava ho sakatA hai| dUsarI ora Asakta, daMbhI aura sAkAMkSa vyakti, cAhe vaha muni hI kyoM na ho, usake lie dharmadhyAna asaMbhava hotA hai| dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA sAdhu aura gRhastha hone para nirbhara nahIM krtii| usakI saMbhAvanA kA AdhAra hI vyakti ke citta kI nirAkulatA yA anAsakti hai| jo citta anAsakta aura nirAkula hai, phira vaha citta gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA, isase koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| dhyAna ke adhikArI banane ke lie Avazyaka yaha hai ki vyakti kA mAnasa nirAkAMkSa, anAkula aura anudvigna rhe| yaha anubhUta satya hai ki koI-koI vyakti gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI nirAkAMkSa, anAkula aura anudvigna banA rahatA hai| dUsarI ora kucha sAdhu, sAdhu hokara bhI sadaiva Asakta, Akula aura udvigna rahate haiN| ataH dhyAna kA saMbaMdha gRhI jIvana yA muni jIvana se na hokara citta kI vizuddhi se hai| citta jitanA vizuddha hogA dhyAna utanA hI sthira hogaa| punaH jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAyeM gRhastha meM bhI 14 guNasthAna sambhava mAnatI haiM, unake anusAra to AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke agrima zreNiyoM kA ArohaNa karatA huA gRhastha bhI na kevala dharma dhyAna kA apitu zukla dhyAna kA bhI adhikArI hotA dhyAna ke prakAra - sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna kA artha cittavRtti kA kisI eka viSaya para kendrita honA hI mAnA hai| ataH jaba unhoMne dhyAna ke prakAroM kI carcA kI to usameM prazasta aura 1) jJAnArNava - 4133
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________________ 67 aprazasta donoM hI prakAra ke dhyAnoM ko grahIta kara liyaa| unhoMne Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ye dhyAna ke cAra prakAra mAne / dhyAna ke ina cAra prakAroM meM prathama do ko arthAta saMsAra kA hetu aura antima do ko prazasta arthAta mokSa kA hetu kahA gayA hai| isakA AdhAra yaha mAnA gayA hai ki Arta aura raudra dhyAna rAga-dveSa janita hone se bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| isalie ve aprazasta haiN| jabaki dharmadhyAna aura zukla dhyAna kaSAya bhAva se rahita hone se mukti ke kAraNa haiM, isalie ve prazasta haiN| dhyAnazataka kI TIkA meM tathA amitagati ke zrAvakAcAra meM ina cAra dhyAnoM ko kramazaH tiryaMcagati, narakagati, devagati aura mukti kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| yadyapi prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM dhyAna kA yaha caturvidha vargIkaraNa hI mAnya rahA hai| kintu jaba dhyAna kA sambandha mukti kI sAdhanA se jor3A gayA to Arta aura raudra dhyAna ko bandhana kA kAraNa hone se dhyAna kI koTi meM hI parigaNita nahIM kiyA gyaa| ataH digambara paramparA kI dhavalA TIkAra meM tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke hemacandra ke yogazAstra' meM dhyAna ke do hI prakAra mAne gae dharma aura zukla / dhyAna meM bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA se spaSTa rUpa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usameM kramazaH vikAsa hotA gayA hai| prAcIna AgamoM yathA-sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatIsUtra meM tathA jhANajjhayaNa (dhyAnazataka) aura tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ke cAra vibhAgoM kI carcA karake kramazaH unake cAra-cAra vibhAga kiye gae haiM kintu unameM kahIM bhI dhyAna ke piMDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ina cAra prakAra kI carcA nahIM hai| jabaki paravartI sAhitya meM inakI vistRta carcA milatI hai| sarvaprathama inakA ullekha yogIndu ke yogasAra aura devasena ke bhAvasaMgraha meM milatA hai / 5 muni padmasiMha ne jJAnasAra meM arhanta ke sandarbha meM dharma dhyAna ke antargata piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha kI carcA kI hai kintu unhoMne rUpAtIta kA koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| isa vivecanA meM eka samasyA yaha bhI hai ki piNDastha ora rUpastha meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM AcArya nemicandra ke dravya saMgraha meM dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kI carcA ke pazcAt dharma dhyAna ke antargata padoM ke jApa aura paMca parameSTI ke svarUpa kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isake TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jo dhyAna mantra vAkyoM ke Azrita hotA hai vaha padastha hai, jisa dhyAna meM svaAtmA kA cintana hotA hai vaha piMDastha hai, jisameM cetanA svarUpa yA vidrUpatA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha rUpastha hai 4) yogazAstra 4 / 115 5) yogasAra, 98 3) dhavalA pustaka 13 pR. 70. 6) jJAnasAra 18-28 5) dravyasaMgraha (nemIcandra) 48-54 TIkA brahmadeva gAthA 48 kI TIkA 1) tattvArthasUtra 9 / 29 2) vahI 9 / 30, dhyAna zataka 5
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________________ 68 tathA niraMjana va nirAkAra kA dhyAna hI rUpAtIta hai| amitagatira ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM dhyeya yA dhyAna ke Alambana kI carcA karate hue piNDastha Adi ina cAra prakAra ke dhyAnoM kI vistAra se lagabhaga 27 zlokoM meM carcA kI hai| yahAM piNDastha se pahale padastha dhyAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai aura usakI vistRta carcA bhI kI gaI hai| zubhacandra ne jJAnArNava meM padastha Adi dhyAna ke ina prakAroM ko pUre vistAra ke sAtha lagabhaga 27 zlokoM meM carcA kI hai| paravartI AcAryoM meM vasunandi, hemacandra, bhAskaranandi Adi ne bhI inakI vistAra se carcA kI hai| punaH pArthivI, AgneyI, mAruti, vAruNI aura tattvabhU aisI piNDastha dhyAna kI jo pAMca dhAraNAeM kahI gaI haiM unakA bhI prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM ullekha nahIM milatA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usakI prAcIna TIkAoM meM lagabhaga 6ThI 7 vIM zatI taka inakA abhAva hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki dhyAna ke prakAroM, upaprakAroM, lakSaNoM, AlambanoM Adi kI jo carcA jaina paramparA meM huI hai, vaha kramazaH vikasita hotI rahI hai aura una para anya paramparAoM kA prabhAva bhI hai| prAcIna Agamika sAhitya meM sthAnAMga meM dhyAna ke prakAroM, lakSaNoM, AlambanoM aura anuprekSAoM kA jo vivaraNa milatA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : 1) ArtadhyAna- ArtadhyAna hatAzA kI sthiti hai| sthAnAMga ke anusAra isa dhyAna ke cAra upaprakAra haiN| apriya vastu ke prApta hone para usake viyoga kI satata cintA karanA yaha prathama prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai| duHkha ke Ane para use dUra karane kI cintA karanA yaha Arta dhyAna kA dUsarA rUpa hai| priya vastu kA viyoga ho jAne para usakI punaH prApti ke lie cintana karanA tIsare prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai aura jo vastu prApta nahIM hai usakI prApti ke lie icchA karanA cauthe prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai| tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra yaha ArtadhyAna, avirata, dezavirata aura pramatta saMyata meM hotA hai| isake sAtha hI mithyA dRSTiyoM meM bhI isa dhyAna kA sadbhAva hotA hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se mithyA dRSTi, avirata samyakdRSTi tathA dezavirata samyakadRSTi meM ArtadhyAna ke uparokta cAroM hI prakAra pAye jAte haiM; kintu pramatta saMyata meM nidAna ko chor3akara arthAt aprApta kI prApti kI AkAMkSA ko chor3akara anya tIna hI vikalpa hote haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM isake nimna cAra lakSaNoM kA ullekha huA hai|5 1) krandanatA - ucca svara se ronaa| 2) zocanatA - dInatA prakaTa karate hue zoka krnaa| 1) padastha maMtravAkyastha - vahI gAthA 48 kI TIkA 2) zrAvakAcAra (amitagati) pariccheda 15 3) jJAnArNava (zubhacandra) sarga 32-40 4) sthAnAMgasUtra 4 / 60-72 5) sthAnAMgasUtra 4 / 62
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________________ 3) tepanatA 4) paridevanatA dhyAna - raudradhyAna AvegAtmaka avasthA hai| raudradhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM 1) hiMsAnubaMdhI 2) mRSAnubaMdhI 3) stenAnubandhI 1 ) utsannadoSa 2) bahudoSa 3) ajJAnadoSa AmaraNAnta doSa 69 AMsU bahAnA | karuNA-janaka vilApa karanA ! - - 4) saMrakSaNAnubandhI kucha AcAryoM ne viSayasaMrakSaNa kA artha balAt aindrika bhogoM kA saMkalpa kiyA hai, jaba ki kucha AcAryoM ne aindrika viSayoM ke saMrakSaNa meM upasthita krUratA ke bhAva ko hI viSayasaMrakSaNa kahA hai| sthAnAMga meM isake bhI nimna cAra lakSaNoM kA nirdeza hai| 1) sthAnAMga sUtra 4 / 63 2) vahI 4 / 64 3) vahI 4 / 65 - - - nirantara hiMsaka pravRtti meM tanmayatA karAnevAlI citta kI - ekAgratA / asatya bhASaNa karane sambandhI citta kI ekAgratA / nirantara corI karane karAne kI pravRtti sambandhI citta kI ekAgratA / parigraha ke arjana aura saMrakSaNa sambandhI tanmayatA / hiMsAdi kisI eka pApa meM nirantara pravRtti karanA / hiMsAdi sabhI pApoM ke karane meM saMlagna rhnaa| kusaMskAroM ke kAraNa hiMsAdi adhArmika kAryoM ko dharma dharmadhyAna - jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanA kI dRSTi se kevala dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko hI dhyAna kI koTi meM rakhA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM meM inake bheda aura lakSaNoM kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha inake AlambanoM aura anuprekSAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra Adi meM dharmadhyAna ke nimna cAra bheda batAye gaye haiN| maannaa| maraNakAla taka bhI hiMsAdi krUra karmoM ko karane kA anutApa na honaa| 1 ) AjJAvicaya - vItarAga sarvajJa - prabhu ke Adeza aura upadeza ke sambandha meM AgamoM ke anusAra cintana karanA / 2) apAyavicaya - doSoM aura unake kAraNoM kA cintana kara unase chuTakArA kaise ho, isa sambandha meM vicAra krnaa| dUsare zabdoM meM heya kyA hai? isakA cintana karanA /
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________________ 70 3) vipAka vicaya - pUrvakarmoM ke vipAka ke pariNAmasvarUpa udaya meM AnevAlI sukhaduHkhAtmaka vibhinna anubhUtiyoM kA samabhAvapUrvaka vedana karate hue unake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa krnaa| dUsare kucha AcAryoM ke anusAra heya ke pariNAmoM kA cintana karanA hI vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna ke nimna udAharaNa se bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai mAna lIjie koI vyakti hameM apazabda kahatA hai aura una apazabdoM ko sunane se pUrvasaMskAroM ke nimitta se krodha kA bhAva udita hotA hai| usa samaya utpanna hote hue krodha ko sAkSI bhAva se dekhanA aura krodha kI pratikriyA vyakta na karanA tathA yaha vicAra karanA ki krodha kA pariNAma duHkhada hotA hai athavA yaha socanA ki mere nimitta se isako koI pIr3A huI hogI, ataH yaha mujhe apazabda kaha rahA hai, yaha vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| saMkSepa meM karmavipAkoM ke udaya para unake prati sAkSI bhAva rakhanA, pratikriyA ke duHkhada pariNAma kA cintana karanA evaM pratikriyA na karanA hI vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| 4) saMsthAna vicaya loka ke svarUpa ke cintana ko sAmAnyarUpa se saMsthAna vicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jAtA hai / kintu loka evaM saMsthAna kA artha AgamoM meM zarIra bhI hai| ataH zArIrika gatividhiyoM para apanI cittavRttiyoM ko kendrita karane ko bhI saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| apane isa artha meM saMsthAna vicaya dharmadhyAna zarIra-vipazyanA yA zarIra- prekSA ke nikaTa hai| AgamoM meM dharmadhyAna ke nimna cAra lakSaNa kahe gaye haiN| " 1 ) AjJAruci - jina AjJA ke sambandha meM vicAra-vimarza karanA tathA usake prati niSThAvAna rhnaa| 2) nisargaruci - dharmakAryoM meM svAbhAvika rUpa ruci honA / 3) sUtraruci - Agama zAstroM ke adhyayana adhyApana meM ruci honA / 4) avagAdaruci - Agamika viSayoM ke gahana cintana aura manana meM ruci honA / dUsare zabdoM meM Agamika viSayoM kA ruci gambhIratA se avagAhana karanA / sthAnAMga meM dharmadhyAna ke AlambanoM kI carcA karate hue, usameM cAra Alambana batAye gaye hai2 - 1) vAcanA - arthAta AgamasAhitya kA adhyayana karanA, 2) pratipRcchanA - adhyayana karate samaya utpanna zaMkA ke nivAraNArtha jijJAsAvRtti se usa sambandha meM gurujanoM se puuchnaa| 3) parivartanA - adhIta sUtroM kA punarAvartana karanA 4) anuprekSA - AgamoM ke artha kA cintana krnaa| kucha AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM anuprekSA kA artha saMsAra kI anityatA Adi kA cintana karanA bhI hai| 1) sthAnAMga 4 / 66 2) vahI 4 / 67
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________________ 71 ra sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAeM kahI gaI haiN|1) ekasthAnuprekSA, 2) anityAnuprekSA, 3) azaraNAnuprekSA aura 4) sNsaaraanuprekssaa| ye anuprekSAe~ jaina paraMparA meM pracalita 12 anuprekSAoM ke hI antargata hai| jinabhadra ke dhyAnazataka tathA umAsvAtI ke tattvArthasUtra meM dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke sambandha meM carcA upalabdha hotI hai| jinabhadra ke anusAra jisa vyakti meM nimna cAra bAteM hotI haiM vahI dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| 1. samyakjJAna (jJAna), 2. dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi (darzana), 3. samyak AcaraNa (cAritra) aura 4. vairaagybhaav| hemacandragne yogazAstra meM inheM hI kucha zabdAntara ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| ve dharmadhyAna ke lie 1. AgamajJAna, 2. anAsakti, 3. AtmasaMyama aura 4. mumukSubhAva ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke sambandha meM tattvArtha kA dRSTikoNa thoDA bhinna hai| tattvArtha ke zvetAmbara pATha ke anusAra dharmadhyAna apramattasaMyata, upazAMtakaSAya aura kSINakaSAya meM hI sambhava hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se yadi hama kaheM to sAtaveM, gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM meM hI dharmadhyAna saMbhava hai| yadi ise niraMtaratA meM grahaNa kareM to apramatta saMyata se lekara kSINakaSAya taka arthAta sAtaveM guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke digambara mAnya mUlapATha meM dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI kA vivecanA karanevAlA sUtra hai hI nhiiN| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM meM pUjyapAda aklaMka aura vidyAnandi sabhI ne dharmadhyAna ke svAmI kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu unakA maMtavya zvetAmbara paramparA se bhinna hai| unake anusAra cauthe guNasthAna se lekara sAtaveM guNasthAna taka hI dharmadhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna se zreNI prAraMbha hone ke kAraNa dharmadhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke prazna para jaina AcArya meM matabheda rahe haiN| zukla dhyAna - - yaha dharma-dhyAna ke bAda kI sthiti hai| zukladhyAna ke dvArA mana ko zAnta aura niSprakampa kiyA jAtA hai| isakI antima pariNati mana kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha hai| zukla dhyAna cAra prakAra kA hai:- 1. pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra-isa dhyAna meM dhyAtA kabhI dravya kA cintana karate karate paryAya kA cintana karatA hai aura kabhI paryAya kA cintana karate karate dravya kA cintana karane lagatA hai| isa dhyAna meM kabhI dravya para to kabhI paryAya para manoyoga kA saMkramaNa hote rahane para bhI dhyeya dravya eka hI rahatA hai| 2. ekatva-vitarka 1) sthAnAMga 4 / 68 4) sthAnAMga 4 / 69 2)dhyAna zataka 63 3) yogazAstra 7 / 2-6
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________________ 72 avicArI - yoga saMkramaNa se rahita eka paryAya viSayaka dhyAna ekatva vitarka avicAra dhyAna kahalAtA hai / 3. sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI- mana, vacana aura zarIra vyApAra kA nirodha ho jAne evaM kevala zvAsocchvAsa kI sUkSma kriyA ke zeSa rahane para dhyAna kI yaha avasthA prApta hotI hai / 4. samucchinna- kriyA-nivRtti - jaba mana, vacana aura zarIra kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai aura koI bhI sUkSma kriyA zeSa nahIM rahatI usa avasthA ko samucchinna kriyA nivRtti zukladhyAna kahate haiN| isa prakAra zukladhyAna kI prathama avasthA se kramazaH Age bar3hate hue antima avasthA meM sAdhaka kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika sabhI pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha kara anta meM siddhAvasthA prApta kara letA hai, jo ki dharmasAdhanA aura yogasAdhanA kA antima lakSya hai| honA / sthAnAMgasUtra meM zukladhyAna ke nimna cAra lakSaNa kahe gaye haiM 1) avyatha- parISaha, upasarga Adi kI vyathA se pIr3ita hone para bhI kSobhita nahIM 2) asammoha - kisI bhI prakAra se mohita nahIM honA / 3) viveka sva aura para athavA Atma aura anAtma ke bheda ko samajhanA / bhedavijJAna kA jJAtA honaa| 4) vyutsarga - zarIra, upadhi Adi ke prati mamatva bhAva kA pUrNa tyaag| dUsare zabdoM pUrNa nirmamatva se yukta honA / ina cAra lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha batA sakate haiM ki kisI vyakti meM zukladhyAna saMbhava hogA yA nhiiN| sthAnAMga meM zukladhyAna ke cAra Alambana batAye gaye haiM- 1. zAnti (kSamAbhAva), 2. mukti (nirlobhatA, 3. Arjava (saralatA) aura 4. mArdava (mRdutA ) / vastutaH zukladhyAna ke ye cAra Alambana cAra kaSAyoM ke tyAgarUpa hI haiN| zAnti meM krodha kA tyAga hai aura mukti meM lobha kA tyAga hai| Arjava mAyA (kapaTa) ke tyAga kA sUcaka hai, to mArdava manana kaSAya ke tyAga kA sUcaka hai| isa grantha meM zukladhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAoM kA ullekha bhI huA hai, kintu ye cAra anuprekSAeM sAmAnyarUpa se pracalita 12 anuprekSAoM se kvacita rUpa meM bhinna hI pratIta hotI hai| sthAnAMga meM zukladhyAna kI nimna cAra anuprekSAeM ullekhita haiM - 1) anantavRttitAnuprekSA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kI anantatA kA vicAra krnaa| 2) vipariNAmAnuprekSA - vastuoM ke vividha pariNamanoM kA vicAra karanA / 1) sthAnAMga 4 / 70 2) vahI 4 / 71 3) vahI 4 / 72
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________________ 73 . 3) azubhAnuprekSA - saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM kI azubhatA kA vicAra krnaa| 4) apAyAnuprekSA - rAga dveSa se honevAle doSoM kA vicAra krnaa| zukladhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ke sambandha meM bauddhoM kA dRSTikoNa bhI jaina paramparA ke nikaTa hI AtA hai| bauddha paramparA meM cAra prakAra ke dhyAna mAne gaye haiN| 1) savitarka - savicAra-vivekajanya prItisukhAtmaka prathama dhyaan| 2) vitarka vicAra - rahita - samAdhija prItisukhAtmaka dvitIya dhyaan| 3) prIti aura virAga se upekSaka ho smRti aura samprajanya se yukta upekSA smRti sukhavihArI tRtIya dhyaan| 4) sukha-duHkha evaM saumanasya-daurmanasya se rahita asukha-aduHkhAtmaka upekSA evaM parizuddhi se yukta caturtha dhyaan| isa prakAra cAroM zukla dhyAna bauddha paramparA meM bhI thor3e zAbdika antara ke sAtha upasthita haiN| __ yoga paramparA meM bhI samApatti ke cAra prakAra batalAye haiM, jo ki jaina paramparA ke zakladhyAna ke cAroM prakAroM ke samAna hI lagate haiN| samApatti ke ve cAra prakAra nimnAnusAra haiM - 1. savitarkA, 2. nirvitarkA, 3. savicArA aura 4. nirvicaaraa| zukladhyAna ke svAmI ke sambandha meM tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbara mUlapATha aura digambara mUlapATha meM to antara nahIM hai kiMtu 'ca' zabda se kyA artha grahaNa karanA ise lekara matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra upazAnta kaSAya evaM kSINakaSAya pUrvadharoM meM cAra zukladhyAnoM meM prathama do zukladhyAna sambhava hai| bAda ke do kevalI (sayogI kevalI aura ayogI kevalI) meM sambhava haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra AThaveM guNasthAna se codahaveM guNasthAna taka zukladhyAna sambhava hai| pUrva ke do zukladhyAna sambhava AThaveM se bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI pUrvadharoM ke hote haiM aura zeSa do terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI kevalI ko jainadharma meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA itihAsa jaina dharma meM dhyAna sAdhanA kI paramparA prAcInakAla se hI upalabdha hotI hai| sarvaprathama hameM AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ke dhyAna sAdhanA saMbaMdhI aneka sandarbha upalabdha haiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra mahAvIra apane sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM adhikAMza samaya dhyAna sAdhanA meM hI lIna rahate the| AcArAMga se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ne na kevala 1) tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 39-40, 2) AcArAMga 1 / 9 / 1 / 6, 1 / 9 / 2 / 4, 1 / 9 / 2 / 12
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________________ 74 cittavRttiyoM ke sthirIkaraNa kA abhyAsa kiyA thaa| apitu unhoMne dRSTi ke sthirIkaraNa kA bhI abhyAsa kiyA thaa| isa sAdhanA meM ve apalaka hokara dIvAra Adi para kisI eka bindu para dhyAna kendrita karate the| isa sAdhanA meM unakI AMkheM lAla ho jAtI thiiN| aura bAhara kI ora nikala AtI thIM jinheM dekhakara dUsare loga bhayabhIta bhI hote the| AcArAMga ke ye ullekha isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki mahAvIra ne dhyAna sAdhanA kI bAhya aura Abhyantara aneka vidhiyoM kA prayoga kiyA thaa| ve apramatta (jAgrata) hokara samAdhipUrvaka dhyAna karate the| aise bhI ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ki mahAvIra ke ziSya praziSyoM meM bhI yaha dhyAna sAdhanA kI pravRtti nirantara banI rhii| uttarAdhyayana meM munijIvana kI dinacaryA kA vivecana karate hue spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki muni dina aura rAtri ke dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna sAdhanA kreN|2 mahAvIra kAlIna sAdhakoM ko dhyAna kI koSThopagata vizeSatA AgoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki usa yuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA muni jIvana kA eka Avazka aMga thii| bhadrabAhu dvArA nepAla meM jAkara mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA karane kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| isI prakAra durbalikApuSyamitra kI dhyAna sAdhanA kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNi meM hai| yadyapi AgamoM meM dhyAna saMbaMdhI nirdeza to haiM,kintu mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyiyoM ko dhyAna prakriyA kA vistRta vivaraNa unameM upalabdha nhiiN| . mahAvIra ke yuga meM zramaNa paramparA meM aise aneka zramaNa the, jinakI apanI apanI dhyAna sAdhanA kI viziSTa paddhatiyAM thiiN| inameM buddha aura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kintu unase jyeSTha rAmaputta kA hama prArambha meM hI ullekha kara cuke haiN| AcArAMga meM sAdhakoM ke sambandha meM vipassI aura pAsaga jaise vizeSaNa milate haiN| isase aisA lagatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA meM bhI jJAta-dRSTA bhAva meM cetanA ko sthira rakhane ke lie vipazyanA jaisI koI dhyAna sAdhanA ko paddhatI rahI hogii| yadyapi vistRta vivaraNoM ke abhAva meM Aja usa paddhati kI sampUrNa prakriyA kI carcA to nahIM kara sakate, paraMtu AcArAMga jaise prAcIna Agama meM ina zabdoM kI upasthiti isa tathya kI sUcaka avazya hai ki usa yuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA kI jaina paramparA kI apanI koI viziSTa paddhati thii| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki sAdhakoM kI prakRti ke anurUpa dhyAna sAdhanA kI ekAdhika paddhatiyAM bhI pracalita rahI hoM, kintu AgamoM ke racanAkAla taka ve vilupta hone lagI thiiN| jisa rAmaputta kA nirdeza bhagavAna buddha ke dhyAna ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM milatA hai unakA ullekha jaina paraMparA ke prAcIna AgamoM meM jaise sUtrakRtAMga, aMtakRtdazA, aupapAtika dazA, RSibhASita Adi meM honA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki nigraMtha paramparA rAmaputta kI dhyAna sAdhanA kI paddhati se prabhAvita thii| bauddha paramparA kI vipazyanA aura nigraMtha paramparA kI AcArAMga kI dhyAna 1) AcArAMga 1 / 9 / 15, 2) uttarAdhyayana 26 / 18, 3) Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga 2 pR. 187, 4) vahI, bhAga 1 pR. 410 5) AcArAMga 1 / 2 / 5 / 125 (AcArya tulasI), 6) vahI 1 / 2 / 3 / 73, 1 / 216 / 185 7) dekheM - Prakrut Proper Names Vol II Page 626
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________________ 75 binA meM jo kucha nikaTatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha yaha sUcita karatI hai ki sambhavataH kA mUla srota rAmaputta kI dhyAna paddhati rahI hogii| isa saMbaMdha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se yayana kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| SaTAvazyakoM meM kAyotsarga ko bhI eka Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kAyotsarga dhyAna dhanA pUrvaka hI hotA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| pratikramaNa meM aneka bAra kAyotsarga (kyAna) kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna kAla meM bhI yaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se jIvita hai| Aja bhI dhyAna kI isa paramparA meM tatsaMbaMdhI doSoM ke cintana ke atirikta namaskAra maMtra, durviMzatistava ke mAdhyama se paMcaparameSTI athavA tIrthaMkaroM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| mAtra yaha hai ki dhyAna kI isa samagra kriyA meM, jo sajagatA apekSita thI, vaha samApta ho hai aura ye saba dhyAna saMbaMdhI prakriyAeM rUDhi mAtra banakara raha gaI haiN| yadyapi ina kriyAoM kI upasthiti se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dhyAna kI ina prakriyAoM meM cetanA ko tata rUpa se jAgrata yA jJAtA-dRSTA bhAva meM sthira rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA rahA hai| Agama yuga taka jaina dharma meM dhyAna kA uddezya mukhya rUpa se Atmazuddhi yA trizuddhi hI thA athavA yoM kaheM ki vaha citta ko samabhAva meM sthira rakhane kA prayAsa thaa| madhyayuga meM jaba bhArata meM taMtra aura haThayoga saMbaMdhI sAdhanAeM pramukha banIM to dhyAna prakriyA meM parivartana aayaa| Agamika kAla meM dhyAna sAdhanA meM zarIra, indriya, mana aura citta vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga hokara cetanA ko dRSTA bhAva yA sAkSIbhAva meM sthira kiyA AtA thA, jisase zarIra aura mana ke udvega aura AkulatAeM zAnta ho jAtI thiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha caittasika samatva arthAt sAmAyika kI sAdhanA thI, jisakA kucha rUpa Aja // vipazyanA meM upalabdha hai| kintu jaise-jaise bhAratIya samAja meM taMtra aura haThayoga kA mAva bar3hA vaise-vaise jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM bhI parivartana aayaa| jaina dhyAna paddhati meM distha, piNDastha, rUpastha Adi dhyAna kI vidhiyA~ aura pArthiva, AgneyI, vAyavI aura kaNI jaisI dhAraNAeM sammilita huiiN| bIjAkSaroM aura maMtroM kA dhyAna karane kI paramparA kasita huI aura SaTcakroM ke bhedana kA prayAsa bhI huA / yadi hama jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kI prakriyA kA itihAsa dekhate haiM to yaha spaSTa gatA hai ki usa para anya bhAratIya dhyAna evaM yoga kI paramparAoM kA prabhAva AyA hai, jo ribhadra ke pUrva se hI prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| haribhadra ne unakI dhyAna vidhi ko lekara bhI usameM apanI paramparA ke anurUpa bahuta kucha parivartana kiye the| madhyayuga kI jaina dhyAna sAdhanA usa yuga kI yoga-sAdhanA vidhi se paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita huI thii| madhyayuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA prayojana bhI bdlaa| jahAM prAcIna kAla meM dhyAna sAdhanA kA prayojana mAtra Atma-vizuddhi yA caittasika samatva thA, vahAM madhya yuga meM usake sAtha vibhinna RddhiyoM
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________________ 76 aura labdhiyoM kI carcA bhI jur3I aura yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki dhyAna sAdhanA se vidhi alaukika zaktiyAM prApta kI jA sakatI haiN| dhyAna kI prabhAvazIlatA ko banAe rakhane lie yaha Avazyaka to thA, kintu isake anya pariNAma bhI sAmane aaye| jaba ane sAdhaka ina haThayogI sAdhanAoM ke mAdhyama se Rddhi yA labdhi prApta karane meM asamartha to unhoMne yaha mAna liyA ki vartamAna yuga meM dhyAna sAdhanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| dhyAna sAdhana kI siddhi kevala uttama saMhanana ke dhAraka muniyoM athavA pUrvadharoM ko hI saMbhava thii| aise meM aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jinameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcamakAla meM uccakoTi kA dharmadhyAna yA zukladhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| madhyayuga meM dhyAna prakriyA meM kaise-kaise parivarta hue, yaha bAta prAcIna AgamoM aura tattvArtha ke ullekhoM kI tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM digambara jaina purANoM, zrAvakAcAroM evaM haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra Adi ke graMthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| madhyakAla meM dhyAna kI niSedhaka aura samarthavA donoM dhArAeM sAtha-sAtha cliiN| kucha AcAryoM ne kahA ki paMcamakAla meM cAhe zukladhyAna kI sAdhanA saMbhava na ho, kintu dharma-dhyAna kI sAdhanA to saMbhava hai| mAtra yaha hI nahIM madhyayuga meM dharma dhyAna ke svarUpa meM kAphI kucha parivartana kiyA gayA aura usameM anya paramparAoM kI aneka dhAraNAeM sammilita ho gyiiN| isa yuga meM dhyAna saMbaMdhI svataMtra sAhitya kA bhI paryApta vikAsa huaa| jhANajjhayaNa (dhyAnazataka) se lekara jJAnArNava, dhyAnastava Adi aneka svataMtra graMtha bhI dhyAna para likhe gye| madhyayuga haThayoga aura dhyAna ke samanvaya kA yuga kahA jA sakatA hai| isa kAla meM jaina dhyAna paddhati yoga paramparA se, vizeSa rUpa se haThayoga kI paramparA se paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita aura samanvita huii| . Adhunika yuga taka yahI sthiti calatI rhii| Adhunika yuga meM jaina dhyAna sAdhanA kI paddhati meM punaH eka krAntikArI parivartana AyA hai| isa krAnti kA mUlabhUta kAraNa to zrI satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA ke dvArA bauddhoM kI prAcIna vipazyanA sAdhanA paddhati ko barmA se lekara bhArata meM punarsthApita karanA thaa| bhagavAn buddha kI dhyAna sAdhanA kI vipazyanA paddhati kI jo eka jIvita paramparA kisI prakAra se varmA meM bacI rahI thI, vaha satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA ke mAdhyama se punaH bhArata meM apane jIvaMta rUpa meM lauttii| usa dhyAna kI jIvaMta paramparA ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ko dhyAna sAdhanA kI paddhati kyA rahI hogI isakA AbhAsa huaa| jaina samAja kA yaha bhI sadbhAgya hai ki kucha jaina muni evaM sAdhviyAM unakI vipazyanA sAdhanA-paddhati se judd'e| saMyoga se muni zrI nathamalajI (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) jaise prAjJa sAdhaka vipazyanA sAdhanA se jur3e aura unhoMne vipazyanA dhyAna paddhati aura haThayoga kI prAcIna dhyAna paddhati ko Adhunika manovijJAna evaM zarIra-vijJAna ke AdhAroM para parakhA aura unheM jaina sAdhanA paramparA se ApUrita karake prekSAdhyAna kI jaina dhArA ko punarjIvita
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________________ 77 kiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki Aja prekSAdhyAna prakriyA jaina dhyAna kI eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke meM apanA astitva banA cukI hai| usakI vaijJAnikatA aura upayogitA para bhI koI lacinha nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai, kintu usake vikAsa meM satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA bhArata lAyI gayI vipazyanA dhyAna kI sAdhanA paddhati ke yogadAna ko vismRta nahIM yA jA sktaa| Aja prekSAdhyAna paddhati nizcita rUpa se vipazyanA kI RNI hai| isake yinakAjI kA RNa svIkAra kie binA hama apanI prAmANikatA ko siddha nahIM kara skeNge| sAtha hI isa navIna paddhati ke vikAsa meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJajI kA jo mahattvapUrNa bhogadAna rahA hai, use bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sakatA hai| unhoMne vipazyanA se bahuta kucha lekara bhI use prAcIna haThayoga kI SaTcakra bhedana Adi kI avadhAraNA se tathA Adhunika manovijJAna aura zarIra vijJAna se jisa prakAra samanvita aura paripuSTa kiyA hai, vaha unakI apanI pratibhA kA camatkAra hai| isa Alekha meM vistAra se na to vipazyanA ke sandarbha meM aura na prekSAdhyAna ke sandarbha meM kucha kaha pAnA saMbhava hai, kintu yaha satya hai ki dhyAna sAdhanA kI ina paddhatiyoM ko apanA kara jaina sAdhaka na kevala jaina dhyAna paddhati ke prAcIna svarUpa kA kucha AsvAda kareMge, apitu tanAvoM se paripUrNa jIvana meM AdhyAtmika zAnti aura samatA kA AsvAda bhI le skeNge| samyak jIvana meM jIne ke lie Aja vipazyanA aura prekSAdhyAna paddhatiyoM kA abhyAsa aura adhyayana Avazyaka hai| hama yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ke isalie bhI RNI hai ki unhoMne na kevala prekSAdhyAna paddhati kA vikAsa kiyA hai, apitu usake abhyAsa kendroM kI sthApanA bhI kii| sAtha hI jIvana vijJAna graMthamAlA ke mAdhyama se prekSAdhyAna se saMbaMdhi lagabhaga 48 laghupustikAeM likhakara jaina dhyAna sAhitya ko mahatvapUrNa avadAna bhI diyA yaha bhI prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki vipazyanA aura prekSA kI dhyAna paddhatiyoM se preraNA pAkara AcArya nAnAlAlajI ne samIkSaNa dhyAna vidhi ko prastuta kiyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM eka-do prAraMbhika pustikAeM bhI nikalI haiM, kintu prekSAdhyAna vidhi kI tulanA meM unameM na to pratipAdya viSaya kI spaSTatA hai aura na vaijJAnika prastutikaraNa hI / krodha samIkSaNa Adi eka-do pustakeM aura bhI prakAza meM AyI haiM kintu isa paddhati ko vaijJAnika aura prAyogika banAne ke lie abhI unheM bahuta kucha karanA zeSa rahatA hai| vartamAna yuga aura dhyAna vartamAna yuga meM jahAM eka ora yoga aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI sAdhanAoM ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora yoga aura dhyAna ke adhyayana aura zodha meM bhI vidvAnoM kI ruci nAgRta huI hai| Aja bhArata kI apekSA bhI pAzcAtya dezoM meM yoga aura dhyAna ke prati vizeSa
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________________ 78 AkarSaNa dekhA jAtA hai| kyoMki ve bhautika AkAMkSAoM ke kAraNa jIvana meM jo tanAva gaye haiM, usase mukti cAhate haiN| Aja bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM apane-apane DhaMga se pazcima ke logoM kI ruci ke anukUla banAkara videzoM meM nika kiyA jA rahA hai| yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM zArIrika vikRtiyoM aura mAnasika tanA ko samApta karane kI jo zakti rahI huI hai usake kAraNa bhogavAdI aura mAnasika tanAvoM saMtrasta pazcimI dezoM ke loga caittasika zAnti kA anubhava karate haiM aura yahI kAraNa hai| unakA yoga aura dhyAna ke prati AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai| ina sAdhanA paddhatiyoM kA abhyA karAne ke lie bhArata se paripakva evaM aparipakva donoM hI prakAra ke guru videzoM kI yA kara rahe haiN| yadyapi aparipakva, bhogAkAMkSI tathAkathita guruoM ke dvArA dhyAna aura yo sAdhanA kA pazcima meM pahuMcanA bhAratIya dhyAna aura yoga paramparA kI mUlyavattA evaM pratiSTha donoM hI dRSTi se khatare se khAlI nahIM hai| Aja pazcima meM bhAvAtIta dhyAna, sAdhanA bhaki vedAnta, rAmakRSNa mizana Adi ke kAraNa bhAratIya dhyAna evaM yoga sAdhanA ke prati lokapriyatA bar3hI, vahI rajanIza Adi ke kAraNa use eka jhaTakA bhI lagA hai| Aja zrI cittamunijI, AcArya suzIlakumArajI, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla Adi ne jaina dhyAna aura sAdhanAvidhi se pAzcAtya dezoM meM base hue jainoM ko paricita karAyA hai| terApaMtha kI kucha jaina samaNiyoM ne bhI videzoM meM jAkara prekSAdhyAna vidhi se unheM paricita karAyA hai| yadyarthi inameM kauna kahAM taka saphala huA hai yaha eka alaga prazna hai| kyoMki sabhI ke apane apane dAve haiN| phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki Aja pUrva aura pazcima donoM meM hI dhyAna aura yoga sAdhanA ke prati ruci jAgRta huI hai| ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki yoga aura dhyAna kI jaina vidhi suyogya sAdhakoM aura anubhavI logoM ke mAdhyama se hI pUrva-pazcima meM vikasita ho, anyathA jisa prakAra madhyayuga meM haThayoga aura taMtrasAdhanA se prabhAvita hokara bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna paramparA vikRta huI thI usI prakAra Aja bhI usake vikRta hone kA khatarA banA rahegA aura logoM kI usase AsthA uTha jaavegii| dhyAna evaM yoga saMbaMdhI zodha kArya isa yuga meM gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se yoga aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI sAhitya ko lekara paryApta zodhakArya huA hai| jahAM bhAratIya yoga sAdhanA aura pataJjali ke yogasUtra para paryApta kArya hue haiM, vahIM jainayoga kI ora bhI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai| dhyAnazataka, dhyAnastava, jJAnArNava Adi dhyAna aura yoga saMbaMdhI graMthoM kI samAlocanAtmaka bhUmikA aura hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzana isa dizA meM mahatvapUrNa prayatna kahA jA sakatA hai| punaH haribhadra ke yoga saMbaMdhI graMthoM kA svataMtra rUpa se tathA catuSTaya ke rUpa meM prakAzana isa kar3I kA eka agalA caraNa hai| paM. sukhalAlajI kA 'samadarzI haribhadra', ahaMtadAsa baMDabodha
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________________ 79 dage kA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna se prakAzita 'jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka madhyayana', maMgalA sAMDa kA bhAratIya yoga Adi gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa prakAzana kahe jA sakate haiN| aMgrejI bhASA meM viliyama jemsa kA 'jaina yoga', TATiyA kI 'sTaDIja jaina philAsaphI', padmanAbha jainI kA 'jaina pAtha Apha pyUriphikezana' Adi bhI isa kSetra kI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiN| jaina dhyAna aura yoga ko lekara likhI gaI munizrI nathamalajI (yuvAcArya mahAprajJa) kI 'jaina yoga' 'cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa', 'kisane kahA mana caMcala hai', 'AbhAmaNDala' Adi tathA AcArya tulasI kI prekSA-anuprekSA Adi kRtiyAM isa dRSTi se atyaMta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| unameM pAzcAtya manovijJAna aura zarIra-vijJAna kA tathA bhAratIya haThayoga Adi kI paddhatiyoM kA eka suvyavasthita samanvaya huA hai| unhoMne haThayoga kI SaTcakra kI avadhAraNA ko bhI apane DhaMga se samanvita kiyA hai| unakI ye kRtiyAM jaina yoga aura dhyAna sAdhanA ke lie mIla ke patthara ke samAna hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM dhyAna aura yoga ke adhyayana evaM tatsaMbaMdhI graMthoM ke prakAzana kA jo krama cala rahA hai usI zrRMkhalA kI eka kar3I sAdhvIzrI priyadarzanAjI kA baha graMtha - "jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM dhyAna yoga" hai| sAdhvIzrIjI ne isa graMtha meM atyaMta rizrama pUrvaka na kevala jaina dhyAnayoga kI paramparA kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai apitu eka dRSTi se saMpUrNa jaina dharma aura sAdhanA paddhati ko hI prastuta kara diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha graMtha AkAra meM bahuta bar3A ho gayA hai| unake isa adhyayana kI vyApakatA aura sarvAMgINatA sarAhanIya hai, phira bhI isake bRhad AkAra meM AnuSaMgika viSayoM ke vistRta vivaraNa ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM pratipAdya viSaya gauNa hotA sA pratIta hotA hai|
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________________ ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA - pro. sAgaramala ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA kA ati vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya ke granthoM kA jo kAlakrama nirdhArita kiyA hai, usake AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita AgamoM ko hama nimna krama rakha sakate haiN| ati prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM meM AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana ye do aise grantha haiM jinameM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kA 'vimokSa' nAmaka aSTama adhyayana vistAra se samAdhimaraNa ke tIna prakAroM-- bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa evaM prAyopagamana kI vistRta carcA karatA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA paMcama "akAma-maraNIya " adhyayana bhI akAmamaraNa aura sakAma maraNa (samAdhimaraNa) kI carcA se sambandhita hai| isake sAtha hI kiMcita paravartI mAne gaye uttarAdhyayana ke 36 veM adhyayana meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kI vistRta carcA hai| isameM samayAvadhi kI dRSTi se utkRSTa, madhyama evaM jaghanya aise tIna prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM dazavaikAlika kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isake AThaveM 'AcAra - praNidhI' nAmaka adhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva kI sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| isameM kaSAyoM ko alpa karane yA una para vijaya prApta karane kA nirdeza hai| isake atirikta kAlakrama kI dRSTi se kiMcita paravartI mAne gaye ardhamAgadhI AgamoM tRtIya aMga Agama sthAnAMgasUtra ke dvitIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM maraNa ke vividha prakAroM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM samAdhimaraNa ke vividha rUpoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| caturtha aMga Agama samavAyAMga meM maraNa ke satraha bhedoM kI carcA hai / jJAtavya hai ki nAma evaM krama ke kucha aMtaroM ko chor3akara maraNa ke ina satraha bhedoM kI carcA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI milatI hai| isameM bAlamaraNa, bAla - paNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, bhakta - pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa, prAyopagamana Adi kI carcA hai| isI prakAra pAcaveM aMga - Agama bhagavatIsUtra meM ambaDa saMnyAsI evaM usake ziSyoM ke dvArA gaMgA kI bAlU para adatta jala kA sevana nahIM karate hue samAdhimaraNa karane kA ullekha pAyA jAtA haiN| sAtaveM aMga upAsakadazAsUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 10 gRhastha upAsakoM ke dvArA liye gae samAdhimaraNa aura usameM upasthita vighnoM kI vistRta carcA milatI hai| AThaveM aMga Agama antagar3adazA evaM naveM aMga Agama anuttaraupapAtika dazA meM bhI aneka zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ke dvArA lie gaye samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai / antakRddazA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM samAdhimaraNa lene vAloM kI samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva kI zArIrika sthiti kaisI ho gaI thI, isakA sundara vivaraNa upalabdha hai|
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________________ 81 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa upAMga-sAhitya meM mAtra aupapAtikasUtra aura rAyapasenIya meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAle sAdhakoM kA ullekha hai, kintu inameM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM koI vivecana labdha nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM jo svatantra grantha upalabdha hote haiM, unheM ardhamAgadhI masAhitya meM prakIrNaka varga ke arntagata rakhA gayA hai| prakIrNakoM meM AturapratyAkhyAna, apratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, ArAdhanA-patAkA, maraNavibhakti, maraNasamAdhi evaM vizuddhi pramukha haiN| vartamAna meM jo maraNavibhakti ke nAma se prakIrNaka upalabdha ho rahA hai sameM maraNavibhakti ke atirikta maraNavizuddhi, maraNasamAdhi, saMlekhanAsUtra, bhaktaparijJA, turapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanA prakIrNaka ina ATha granthoM ko samAhita kara liyA yA hai| yadyapi bhaktaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, saMlekhanAzruta, saMstAraka, rAdhanApatAkA Adi grantha svatantra rUpa se bhI upalabdha haiN| isake atirikta tandulavaicArika maka prakIrNaka ke anta meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA vistRta vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa kA vistRta vivaraNa evaM upadeza dene vAle saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke paravartI nacAryoM ke aneka grantha haiM, kintu prastuta vivecana meM hama apane ko mAtra ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya ka hI sImita rkheNge| zaurasenI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle lagama tulya jo grantha haiM, unameM mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatIArAdhanA nAmaka yApanIya paramparA ke do nya prasiddha haiN| isameM mUlAcAra samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane ke sAtha hI muni AcAra anya pakSoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yadyapi isake saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna evaM bRhat pratyAkhyAna zAmaka adhyAyoM meM AturamahApratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNakoM kI zatAdhika vivAe~ yathAvata apane zaurasenI rUpAntara meM milatI haiN| isI prakAra isameM Avazyakaniyukti kI zatAdhika gAthAe~ Avazyaka niyukti ke nAma se hI milatI haiN| / jahA~ taka bhagavatIArAdhanA kA prazna hai usameM bhI ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya kI vizeSa rUpa nisamAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prakIrNakoM kI zatAdhika gAthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| jJAtavya hai ki rAvatIArAdhanA kA mUla pratipAdya samAdhimaraNa hai aura yaha grantha aneka dRSTiyoM se maraNasamAdhi, paranAma maraNavibhakti aura ArAdhanA patAkA se tulanIya hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki rAdhanApatAkA nAmaka grantha zvetAmbara AcArya vIrabhadra ke dvArA bhagavatIArAdhanA kA anukaraNa karake likhA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha abhI zodha kA viSaya hai| isameM bhaktaparijJA, piNDaniyukti aura Avazyakaniyukti kI bhI saikar3oM gAthAe~ uddhRta kI gayI haiN| isameM kula 1110 gAthAee~ ik / isa prakAra maraNavibhakti aura saMstAraka meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAloM ke jo viziSTa ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ve hI ullekha bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI bahuta kucha samAna rUpa se milate hai| Aja maraNavibhakti Adi prakIrNakoM kA bhagavatIArAdhanA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI apekSita hai kyoMki yaha grantha yApanIya paramparA meM nirmita huA hai aura yApanIya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko mAnya karate the| ataH donoM paramparAoM meM kAphI kucha AdAna-pradAna huA hai| isI prakAra apanIya paramparA ke grantha bRhat-kathAkoza meM bhI maraNavibhakti bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka Adi kI
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina aneka kathAe~ saMkalita haiM / merI dRSTi meM bRhat kathAkoza kI kathAoM kA mUla srota cAhe ye prakaNaka grantha rahe hoM, kintu granthakAra ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI kathAoM kA anukaraNa karake hI yaha grantha likhA haiM, vaha prakIrNakoM se paricita nahIM rahA hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki donoM paramparAoM ke samAdhimaraNa sambandhI ina granthoM evaM unakI kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jAya / 82 yadyapi maiM isa Alekha meM isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko prastuta karanA cAhatA thA, kintu samaya sImA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vartamAna meM yaha sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai 1 samAdhimaraNa kI yaha avadhAraNA ati prAcIna hai / bhAratIya saMskRti kI zramaNa aura brAhmaNa -- ina donoM paramparAoM meM isake ullekha milate haiM, jisakI vistRta carcA hamane 'samAdhimaraNa ( mRtyuvaraNa) : eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' nAmaka lekha meM, jo sambodhi, varSa (1977-78) aMka 6 naM. 3-4 meM pR. 39-49 para prakAzita hai, kI hai| vastutaH yahA~ hamArA vivecya mAtra ardhamAgadhI Agama hai| inameM AcArAMga prAcIna evaM prathama aMga Agama hai / AcArAMga ke anusAra samatva yA vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA hI dharma kA mUlabhUta prayojana hai / AcArAMgakAra kI dRSTi meM samatva yA vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka tattva mamatva hai aura isa mamatva kA ghanIbhUta kendra vyakti kA apanA zarIra hotA hai / ataH AcArAMgakAra nirmamatva kI sAdhanA hetu deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai / samAdhimaraNa deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA kA hI prayAsa hai| yaha na to AtmahatyA hai aura na to jIvana se bhAgane kA prayatna / apitu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI aparihArya banI mRtyu kA svAgata hai / vaha deha ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM kA tyAga karake dehAtIta hokara jIne kI eka kalA hai / AcArAMgasUtra aura samAdhimaraNa AcArAMgasUtra meM jina paristhitayoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI anuzaMsA kI gayI hai ve vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya haiM / sarvaprathama to AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha usake prathama zrutaskandha ke vimokSa nAmaka aSTam adhyayana meM huA hai / yaha adhyayana vizeSa rUpa se zarIra, AhAra, vastra Adi ke prati nirmamatva evaM unake visarjana kI carcA karatA hai| isameM vastra evaM AhAra ke visarjana kI prakriyA ko samajhAte hue hI anta meM deha - visarjana kI sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai / AcArAMgasUtra samAdhimaraNa kina sthitiyoM meM liyA jA sakatA hai isakI saMkSipta kintu mahattvapUrNa vivecanA prastuta karatA hai| isameM samAdhimaraNa svIkAra karane kI tIna sthitiyoM kA ullekha hai -- 1. jaba zarIra itanA azakta va glAna ho gayA ho ki vyakti saMyama ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane meM asamartha ho aura muni ke AcAra niyamoM ko bhaMga karake hI jIvana bacAnA sambhava ho, to aisI sthiti meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki AcAra niyamoM ke ullaMghana kI apekSA deha kA visarjana hI naitika hai| AcAra maryAdA kA ullaMghana karake jIvana kA rakSaNa vareNya nahIM hai / usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba sAdhaka yaha jAne ki vaha nirbala aura maraNAntika roga se AkrAnta ho gayA hai aura
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________________ 83 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa niyama yA maryAdA pUrvaka AhAra Adi prApta karane meM asamartha hai, to vaha AhArAdi kA parityAga kara zarIra ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM ko banda kara de| isase deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA pUrNa hotI hai| 2. jaba vyakti ko lage ki apanI vRddhAvasthA athavA asAdhya roga ke kAraNa usakA jIvana pUrNataH dUsaroM para nirbhara ho gayA hai aura vaha saMgha ke lie bhAra svarUpa bana gayA hai tathA apanI sAdhanA karane meM bhI asamartha ho gayA hai to aisI sthiti meM vaha AhArAdi kA tyAga karake deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA karate hue deha kA visarjana kara sakatA hai| 3. isI prakAra sAdhaka ko jaba yaha lage ki sadAcAra yA brahmacarya kA khaNDana kie banA jIvana jInA sambhava nahIM hai arthAt caritra - nAza aura jIvita rahane meM eka hI vikalpa saMbhava hai to vaha tatkAla bhI zvAsa nirodha Adi karake apanA dehapAta kara sakatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ mUla pATha meM zIta-sparza hai, jisakA TIkAkAroM ne brahmacarya ke bhaMga kA avasara aisA artha kiyA hai, kintu mUla-pATha aura pUrvaprasaMga ko dekhate isakA yaha artha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jisa muni ne alatA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai vaha zIta sahana na kara pAne kI sthiti meM cAhe deha yAga kara de, kintu niyama bhaMga nahIM kare / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMgakAra na to jIvana ko asvIkAra hI karatA aura na vaha jIvana se bhAgane kI bAta kahatA hai / vaha to mAtra yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki jaba mRtyu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI ho aura AcAra - 1 ra- niyama arthAt lI gaI pratijJA bhaMga kie binA jIvana jInA sambhava nahIM hai, to aisI sthiti meM mRtyu kA varaNa karanA hI ucita hai| isI prakAra dUsaroM para bhAra banakara jInA athavA jaba zarIra vyaktigata sAdhanA athavA samAja sevA donoM ke lie sArthaka nahIM raha gayA ho, aisI sthiti meM bhI yenakena prakAreNa zarIra ko bacAne ke prayatna kI apekSA mRtyu kA varaNa hI ucita hai| jaba sAdhaka ko yaha lage ki sadAcAra aura muni AcAra ke niyamoM kA bhaMga karake AhAra evaM auSadhi ke dvArA tathA zItanivAraNa ke lie vastra athavA agni Adi ke upayoga dvArA hI zarIra ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai athavA brahmacarya ko bhaMga karake hI jIvita rahA jA sakatA hai to usake lie mRtyu kA varaNa hI ucita hai| AcArAMgakAra ne naitika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura jIvana ke saMrakSaNa meM upasthita vikalpa kI sthiti meM mRtyu ke varaNa ko hI vareNya mAnA hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha spaSTa nirdeza detA hai ki aisA vyakti mRtyu kA varaNa kara le| yaha usake lie kAlamRtyu hI hai kyoMki isake dvArA vaha saMsAra kA anta karane vAlA hotA hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki yaha maraNa vimoha Ayatana, hitakara, sukhakara kAlocita, niH zreyaskara aura bhaviSya ke lie kalyANakArI hotA hai / AcArAMgasUtra meM samAdhi maraNa ke tIna rUpoM kA ullekha huA :-- bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMganimaraNa, prAyopagamana / usameM samAdhimaraNa ke lie do tathya Avazyaka mAne gae haiN| kaSAyoM kA kuzIkaraNa aura dUsarA zarIra kA kRzIkaraNa / isameM bhI mukhya uddezya to kaSAyoM kA kRzIkaraNa hai| bhakta parijJA meM prathama to muni ke lie kalpa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura usake anta meM
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 84 yaha batAyA gayA hai ki akalpa kA savana karane kI apekSA zarIra kA visarjana kara denA hii| ucita hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba bhikSu ko yaha anubhava ho ki merA zarIra aba itanA durbala athavA roga se akrAnta ho gayA hai ki gRhasthoM ke ghara bhikSA hetu paribhramaNa karanA mere lie sambhava nahIM hai, sAtha hI mujhe gRhastha ke dvArA mere sammukha lAyA gayA AhAra Adi grahaNa karanA yogya nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM ekAkI sAdhanA karane vAle jinakalpI muni ke lie AhAra kA tyAga karake saMthArA grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| yadyapi AcArAMga ke anusAra saMghastha muni bImArI athavA vRddhAvasthA janya zArIrika durbalatA kI sthiti meM AhArAdi se eka dUsare kA upakAra arthAt sevA kara sakate haiM, kintu isa sambandha meM bhI usameM cAra vikalpoM kA ullekha huA hai-- ___ 1. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM [ sAdharmika bhikSuoM ke lie AhAra Adi lAUMgA aura [ unake dvArA ] lAyA huA svIkAra bhI kruuNgaa| athavA 2. koI yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM [ dUsaroM ke lie] AhAra Adi nahIM lAUgAM, kintu [unake dvArA lAyA huA svIkAra kruuNgaa| athavA ___3. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM dUsaroM ke lie AhAra Adi lAUMgA kintu unake dvArA lAyA svIkAra nahIM kruuNgaa| athavA 4. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM na to ( dUsaroM ke lie ) AhAra Adi lAU~gA aura na ( unake dvArA) lAyA huA svIkAra kruuNgaa| uparokta cAra vikalpoM meM se jo bhikSu prathama do vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai, vaha AhArAdi ke lie saMghasya muniyoM kI sevA le sakatA hai, kintu jo aMtima do vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai, usake lie AhArAdi ke liye dUsaroM kI sevA lene meM pratijJA bhaMga kA doSa AtA hai| aisI sthiti AcArAMgakAra kA mantavya yahI hai ki pratijJA bhaMga nahIM karanA cAhiye bhale hI bhaktapratyAkhyAna kara deha tyAga karanA pdd'e| AcArAMgakAra ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM jaba bhikSu ko yaha saMkalpa utpanna ho ki -- maiM isa samaya saMyama sAdhanA ke lie isa zarIra ko vahana karane meM glAna (asamartha) ho rahA hU~, taba vaha kramazaH AhAra kA saMvatana ( saMkSepa) kre| AhAra kA saMkSepa kara kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) ko kRza kreN| kaSAyoM ko kRza kara samAdhipUrNa bhAva vAlA zarIra aura kaSAya donoM ora se kRza banA huA vaha bhikSu phala kA vasthita ho samAdhi maraNa ke lie utthita (prayatnazIla) hokara zarIra kA utsarga kre| saMthArA grahaNa karane kA nizcaya kara lene ke pazcAt vaha kisa prakAra samAdhimaraNa grahaNa
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________________ 85 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kare isakA ullekha karate hue AcArAMgakAra kahatA hai ki aisA bhikSu grAma, nagara, karvaTa, Azrama Adi meM jAkara ghAsa kI yAcanA kare aura use prApta kara gAMva ke bAhara ekAMta meM jAkara jIva-jantu, bIja, harita Adi se rahita sthAna ko dekhakara ghAsa kA bistara taiyAra kare aura usa para sthita hokara itvarika anazana athavA prAyopagamana svIkAra kare / jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMgakAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa aura prAyopagamana aise tIna prakAra ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karatA hai| isameM bhakta pratyAkhyAna meM mAtra AhArAdi kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, kintu zArIrika halana calana aura gamanAgamana kI koI maryAdA nizcita nahIM kI jAtI hai / iMgitamaraNa meM AhAra tyAga ke sAtha hI sAtha zArIrika halana calana aura gamanAgamana kA eka kSetra nizcita kara liyA jAtA hai aura usake bAhara gamanAgamana kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai / prAyopagamana yA pAdopagamana meM AhAra Adi ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika kriyAoM kA nirodha karate hue mRtyuparyanta nizcala rUpa se lakar3I ke takhte ke samAna sthira par3e rahanA par3atA hai / isIlie AcArAMgakAra ne prAyopagamana saMthAre ke pratyAkhyAna meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha likhA hai ki kAya, yoga evaM IryA kA pratyAkhyAna kare / vastutaH yaha tInoM saMthAre kI kramika avasthAe~ haiM / AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa krama se nirmamatva kI sthiti ko prApta dhairyavAna, AtmanigrahI aura gatimAna sAdhaka advitIya isa samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA hetu tatpara ho| ve dharma ke pAragAmI jJAna pUrvaka anukrama se donoM hI prakAra ke Arambha kA ( hiMsA kA ) parityAga kara deN| ve kaSAyoM ko kRza karate hue AhAra kI mAtrA ko bhI alpa kareM aura pariSahoM ko sahana kareM aura isa prakAra karate hue jaba ati glAna ho jAya to AhAra kA bhI tyAga kara deN| aisI sthiti meM na to jIvana kI AkAMkSA rakheM aura na maraNa kI, apitu jIvana evaM maraNa donoM meM hI Asakta na ho| ve nirjarApekSI madhyastha samAdhi bhAva kA anupAlana kare tathA rAga-dveSa Adi Antarika parigraha tathA zarIra Adi bAhya parigraha kA tyAga kara zuddha adhyAtma kA anveSaNa kare / yadi unheM apane sAdhanAkAla meM kisI bhI rUpa meM AyuSya ke vinAza kA koI kAraNa jAna par3e to vaha zIghra hI samAdhi maraNa kA prayatna kreN| grAma athavA araNya meM jahA~ harita evaM prANiyoM Adi kA abhAva (alpatA ) ho, usa sthaNDila bhUmi para tRNa kA bichaunA taiyAra kare aura vahA~ nirAhAra hokara zAnta bhAva se leTa jAya / manuSya kRta athavA anya kisI prakAra ke parISaha se AkrAnta hone para bhI maryAdA kA ullaghana na kare tathA parISahoM ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kare / AkAza meM vicaraNa karane vAle pakSI evaM reMgane vAle prANI yadi usake zarIra kA mAMsa noceM, rakta pIye to bhI na unheM mAre aura na unakA nivAraNa kareM aura na usa sthAna se uThakara anyatra jAya, apitu yaha vicAra kare ki ye prANI mere zarIra kA hI nAza kara rahe haiM, mere jJAnAdi guNoM kA nhiiN| vaha AzravoM se rahita evaM Atma tuSTa ho usa pIr3A ko samabhAva se sahana kare / granthiyoM arthAt antara - bAhya parigraha se rahita mRtyu ke avasara ke pAraMgata bhikSu ke
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________________ DA. sAgaramala jana 46 isa samAdhimaraNa ko saMyamI jIvana ke lie adhika zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAna ke atirikta samAdhimaraNa kA eka rUpa iMginimaraNa batAyA hai| isameM sAdhaka dUsaroM se sevA lene kA vividha rUpa se parityAga kara detA hai, aisA bhikSu hariyAlI para nahIM soe apitu jIvoM se rahita sthaNDila bhUmi para hI soe| vaha anAhAra bhikSu deha Adi ke prati mamatva kA visarjana karake parISahoM se AkrAnta hone para unheM samabhAva se sahana kre| indriyoM ke glAna ho jAne para vaha muni samitipUrvaka hI apane hAtha-paira Adi kA saMkocavistAra kare, kyoMki jo acala evaM samabhAva se yukta hotA hai vahI nindita nahIM hotaa| vaha jaba leTe-leTe yA baiThe-baiThe thaka jAya to zarIra ke saMdhAraNa ke lie thor3A gamanAgamana kare yA hAtha-pairoM ko hilAe~, kintu yadi sambhava ho to acetanavata nizceSTa ho jaaye| isa advitIya maraNa para AsIna vyakti una kASTha-stambhoM yA phalaka Adi kA sahArA na le, jo dImaka Adi se yukta ho athavA varjita ho| jo sAdhaka iMginimaraNa se bhI uccatara prAyopagamana yA pAdopagamana saMthAre ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha sabhI aMgoM kA nirodha karake apane sthAna se calita nahIM hotA hai-- yaha prAyopagamana, bhakta pratyAkhyAna aura iMginimaraNa kI apekSA uttama sthAna hai| aisA bhikSa jIva-jantu se rahita bhUmi ko dekhakara vahA~ nizceSTa hokara rahe aura vahA~ apane zarIra ko sthApita kara yaha vicAra kare ki jaba zarIra hI merA nahIM hai to phira mujhe parISaha yA pIr3A kaisI? vaha saMsAra ke sabhI bhogoM ko nazvara jAnakara, unameM Asakta na ho| devoM dvArA nimaMtrita hone para vaha deva mAyA para zraddhA na kre| sabhI bhogoM meM amUchita hokara mRtyu ke avasara kA pAragAmI vaha titikSA ko hI parama hitakara jAnakara nirmamatvabhAva ko hI anyatama sAdhya maane| uttarAdhyayana aura samAdhimaraNa isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa ke prakAra, usakI prakriyA tathA use kina sthitiyoM meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, isakI vistRta carcA hai| AcArAMga ke pazcAta prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama uttarAdhyayana meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa usake 5veM evaM 36veM adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| usake pA~caveM adhyAya meM sarvaprathama mRtyu ke do rUpoM kI carcA hai -- 1. akAma maraNa aura, 2. skaammrnn| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki akAmamaraNa bAra-bAra hotA hai jabaki sakAmamaraNa eka hI bAra hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ akAmamaraNa kA tAtparya kAmanA se rahita maraNa na hokara Atma puruSArtha se rahita niruddezya yA niSprayojana pUrvaka maraNa se hai| isI prakAra sakAmamaraNa kA tAtparya puruSArtha yA sAdhanA se yukta soddezyamaraNa yA mukti ke prayojana pUrvaka maraNa se hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra akAmamaraNa karane vAlA vyakti saMsAra meM Asakta hokara AnAcAra kA sevana karatA hai aura kAma-bhogoM ke pIche bhAgatA hai, aisA vyakti mRtyu ke samaya bhaya se saMtrasta hotA hai aura hArane vAle dhurta juArI kI taraha zoka karatA akAmamaraNa ko arthAt nizprayojana maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, jabaki sakAmamaraNa paNDitoM ko prApta hotA hai| saMyata jitendriya puNyAtmAoM ko hii| ati prasanna arthAt nirAkula evaM AghAta rahita yaha maraNa prApta hotA hai| aisA maraNa na to sabhI bhikSuoM ko milatA hai, na sabhI gRhasthoM ko| jo bhikSu hiMsA Adi se nivRtta hokara saMyama kA abhyAsa karatA hai, unheM hI aisA
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________________ 87 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa sakAmamaraNa prApta hotA hai| - uttarAdhyayana yaha spaSTa nirdeza detA hai ki medhAvI sAdhaka bAlamaraNa va paNDitamaraNa kI linA karake sakAma maraNa ko svIkAra kare aura maraNa kAla meM kSamA aura dayA dharma se yukta ho, tathAbhUta AtmabhAva meM maraNa kre| jaba maraNa kAla upasthita ho to jisa zraddhA se pravrajyA svIkAra kI thI, usI zraddhA va zAnta bhAva se zarIra ke bheda arthAt dehapAta kI pratikSA kre| mRtyu kA samaya Ane para tIna prakAra ke eka se eka zreSTha samAdhimaraNoM se zarIra kA parityAga kre| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke isa paMcama adhyAya meM bhI unhIM tInoM prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kA ullekha hai jisakI carcA hama AcArAMga ke sambandha meM kara cuke haiN| phira bhI jJAtavya hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA yaha vivaraNa samAdhimaraNa ke hetu preraNA pradAna karane kI hI dRSTi se hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mAtra upadezAtmaka vivaraNa hai| isameM kina paristhitiyoM meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAya isakI carcA nahIM hai| mAtra yatra-tatra samAdhimaraNa ke kucha saMketa hI haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM samAdhi maraNa yA saMlekhanA ke kAla Adi ke sambandha meM aura usakI prakriyA ke sambandha meM jo ullekha hai vaha usake 36veM adhyAya meM isa prakAra se varNita hai -- aneka varSoM taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana karake muni isa anukrama se AtmA kI saMlekhanA -- vikAroM ko kSINa kreN| utkRSTa saMlekhanA bAraha varSa kI hotI hai| madhyama eka varSa kI aura jaghanya chaha mAsa kI hai| prathama cAra varSoM meM dugdha Adi vikRtiyoM kA niyUhaNa -- tyAga kareM, dUsare cAra varSoM meM vividha prakAra kA tapa kareM, phira do varSoM taka ekAntara tapa (eka dina upavAsa aura phira eka dina bhojana ) kreN| bhojana ke dina AcAmla kreN| usake bAda gyArahaveM varSa meM pahale chaha mahinoM taka koI bhI ativikRSTa (telA, caulA Adi) tapa na kreN| usake bAda chaha mahIne taka vikRSTa tapa kre| isa pUre varSa meM parimita (pAraNo ke dina) AcAmla kre| bArahaveM varSa meM eka varSa taka koTi sahita arthAt nirantara, AcAmla karake phira muni pakSa yA eka mAsa kA AhAra se tapa arthAt anazana kre| kAdI, abhiyogI, kilbiSikI, mohI aura AsurI bhAvanAe~ durgati dene vAlI haiN| ye mRtyu ke samaya meM saMyama kI virAdhanA karatI haiN| jo marate samaya mithyA-darzana meM anurakta haiM, nidAna se yukta haiM aura hiMsaka haiM, unheM bodhi bahuta durlabha hai| jo samyag darzana meM anurakta haiM, nidAna se rahita haiM, zukla lezyA meM avagAr3ha- praviSTa hai, unheM bodhi sulabha hai| jo jina vacana meM anurakta hai, jina vacanoM kA bhAva pUrvaka AcaraNa karate haiM, ve nirmala aura rAgAdi se asaMkliSTa hokara parIta saMsArI (parimita saMsAra vAle) hote haiN| anya aMgaAgama aura samAdhimaraNa AcArAMga va uttarAdhyayana ke pazcAt ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita mAtra kucha saMketa haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra (2/4) meM do-do ke vargoM meM vibhAjita karate hue zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA anumodita aura ananumodita maraNoM kA ullekha
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 88 hai| mahAvIra ne zramaNa nirganthoM ke lie do prakAra maraNa kabhI bhI varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazA aura ananumodita nahIM kiye haiM -- valanmaraNa aura vshaartmrnn| isI prakAra nidAnamaraNa / tadbhavamaraNa, giripatana aura tarUpatanamaraNa, jala-pravezamaraNa aura agnipraveza viSabhakSaNamaraNa aura zAstrAvapAtana mrnn| ye do-do prakAra ke maraNa zramaNa nirganthoM ke zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kabhI bhI varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazaMsita aura anumodita nhiiN| haiN| kintu kAraNa-vizeSa hone para vaihAyasa (vaikhAnasa) aura giddhaSTTha ye do maraNa anumodita zramaNa mahAvIra ne zramaNa nirganthoM ke lie do prakAra ke maraNa sadA varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazAMta aura anumodita kiye haiM -- prAyopagamanamaraNa aura bhakta prtyaakhyaanmrnn| prAyopagamanamaraNa prakAra kA kahA gayA hai -- nirdArima aura aniyrim| prAyopagamana maraNa niyamataH aprati hotA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-- ni rima aura anirdaarim| pratyAkhyAnamaraNa niyamataH sapratikarma hotA hai| samavAyAMga (samavAya 17 ) meM maraNa ke nimna satraha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai -- 1. AvIcimaraNa, 2. avadhimaraNa, 3. AtyAntikamaraNa, 4. valanmaraNa, 5. vazArtamarakha 6. antaH zalyamaraNa, 7. tadbhava maraNa, 8. bAlamaraNa, 9. paNDita maraNa, 10. bAlapaNDita maraNa 11. chadmasthamaraNa, 12. kevalimaraNa, 13. vaikhAnasamaraNa, 14. gRddhapRSTamaraNa, 15. bhaka pratyAkhyAnamaraNa, 16. iMginimaraNa evaM 17. paadopgmnmrnn|| inameM se bAlapaNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, chadamasthamaraNa, kevalImaraNa, bhakta pratyAkhyAna iMginimaraNa va prAyopagamana kA saMbandha samAdhimaraNa se hai| kinhIM sthitiyoM meM vaikhAnasamaraNa gaddhaspRSTamaraNa ko jaina paramparA meM bhI ucita mAnA gayA hai| kintu ye donoM apavAdika sthiti meM hI ucita mAne gaye haiM jaise jaba brahmacarya ke pAlana aura jIvana ke saMrakSaNa meM eka hI vikalpa ho, to aisI sthiti meM vaikhAnasamaraNa dvArA zarIra tyAga ko ucita mAnA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI samavAyAMga ke samAna hI maraNa ke uparyukta satraha prakAroM kA ullekha hai| yadyapi kahIM-kahIM unake nAma evaM krama meM antara dikhAyI detA hai| udAharaNArtha samavAyAMga meM chadmasthamaraNa kA ullekha hai jabaki bhagavatIArAdhanA meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| isake sthAna para usameM osannamaraNa kA ullekha hai| samavAyAMga ke pazcAt jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA anuttaraupapAtikadazA tathA vipAkadazA Adi aMga AgamoM meM jIvana ke aMtima kAla meM saMlekhanA dvArA zarIra tyAgane vAle sAdhakoM kI kathAe~ haiN| isameM bhagavatIsUtra meM ambar3a saMnyAsI aura usake 500 ziSyoM ke dvArA adatta jala kA sevana nahIM karate hae gaMgA kI bAla para samAdhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| upAsakadazA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Ananda, kAmadeva, sakaDAlaputra, culinIpitA Adi daza gRhastha upAsakoM dvArA samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane aura unameM vighnoM ke upasthita hone tathA Ananda ko isa avasthA meM vistRta avadhijJAna utpanna hone, gautama ke dvArA Ananda se kSamA-yAcanA karane Adi ke ullekha haiN| isI prakAra antakRtadazA meM kucha zramaNoM aura AryikAoM dvArA samAdhimaraNa svIkAra karane aura usa dazA meM kaivalya evaM mokSa prApta karane ke nirdeza haiN| kintu vistAra bhaya se ina sabakI carcA meM jAnA hama yahA~ Avazyaka
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________________ 89 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa nahIM smjhte| itanA avazya jJAtavya hai ki inameM se kucha kathAoM ke nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA meM maraNa vibhakti meM tathA acela paramparA meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI pAyeM jAte haiM / yahA~ hama kevala antakRtadazA (varga 8. adhyAya 1 ) kA vaha ullekha karanA cAheMge jisameM sAdhaka kisa sthiti meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karatA thA, isakA sundara citraNa nimna hai - -- "tatpazcAt kAlI AryA, usa urAla - pradhAna, ( vipula, dIrghakAlIna, vistIrNa, sIka - zobhAsampanna, gurU dvArA pradatta athavA prayatnasAdhya, bahumAnapUrvaka gRhIta, kalyANakArI, nirogatA - janaka, ziva-mukti ke kAraNa-bhUta, dhanya, mAMgalya, pApavinAzaka, udagra- tIvra, udAra - niSkAma hone ke kAraNa audArya vAle, uttama, ajJAna andhakAra se rahita aura mahAn prabhAva vAle, tapaH karma se zuSka- nIrasa zarIra vAlI, rukSa, mAMsa rahita aura nasoM se vyApta ho gayI thii| jaise koI koyaloM se bharI gAr3I ho, sUkhI lakar3iyoM se bharI gAr3I ho, pattoM se bharI gAr3I ho, dhUpa meM DAlakara sukhAI ho arthAt koyalA, lakar3I patte Adi khUba sukhA liye gaye hoM aura phira gAr3I meM bhare gaye hoM, to vaha gAr3I khar3akhar3a AvAja karatI huI calatI hai aura ThaharatI hai, usI prakAra kAlI AryA hAr3oM kI khar3akhar3AhaTa ke sAtha calatI thI aura khar3a-khar3AhaTa ke sAtha khar3I rahatI thI / vaha tapasyA se to upacita-vRddhi ko prApta thI, magara mAMsa aura rUdhira se apacita-hAsa ko prApta ho gayI thI / bhasma ke samUha se AcchAdita agni kI taraha tapasyA ke teja se dedIpyamAna vaha tapasteja kI lakSmI se atIva zobhAyamAna ho rahI thIM / eka dina rAtri ke pichale prahara meM kAlI AryA ke hRdaya meM skandamuni ke samAna yaha vicAra utpanna huA "isa kaThora tapa sAdhanA ke kAraNa merA zarIra atyanta kRza ho gayA hai / tathApi jaba taka mere isa zarIra meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSakAra - parAkrama hai, mana meM zraddhA, dhairya evaM vairAgya hai taba taka mere liye ucita hai ki kala sUryodaya hone ke pazcAt AryA caMdanA se pUchakara, unakI AjJA prApta hone para, saMlekhanA jhUSaNA kA sevana karatI huI bhaktapAna kA tyAga karake, mRtyu ke prati niSkAma hokara vicaraNa kruuN|" aisA socakara vaha agale dina sUryodaya hote hI jahA~ AryA caMdanA thI vahA~ AI aura vaMdanA - namaskAra kara isa prakAra bolI-"he Arye ! ApakI AjJA ho to maiM saMlekhanA jhUSaNA karatI huI vicaranA cAhatI hU~ / " AryA candanA ne kahA "he devAnupriye ! jaise tumheM sukha ho, vaisA karo / satkArya meM vilamba na kro|" taba AryA candanA kI AjJA pAkara kAlI AryA saMlekhanA jhUSaNA grahaNa karake yAvat vicarane lagI / kAlI AryA ne AryA candanA ke pAsa sAmAyika se lekara gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura pUre ATha varSa taka cAritradharma kA pAlana karake eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se AtmA ko jhoSita kara sATha bhakta kA anazana pUrNa kara, jisa hetu se saMyama grahaNa kiyA thA yAvat usako antima zvAsocchvAsa taka pUrNa kiyA aura siddha, buddha aura mukta ho gii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki antakRtadazA meM jaba zarIra pUrNatayA glAna ho jAya, aisI sthiti meM hI samAdhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| prakIrNaka aura samAdhimaraNa zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita jo grantha likhe gaye haiM, unameM candravedhyaka,
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________________ DA. sAgaramala jana 90 AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, saMstAraka, bhakta parijJA aura maraNa vibhakti pramukha haiN| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka kA antima lakSya to samAdhimaraNa kA nirUpaNa hI hai, kintu usakI pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM vinaya guNa, AcArya guNa, vinaya nigraha guNa, jJAna guNa aura caraNa guNa dvAra nAmaka prathama pAMca dvAroM meM samAdhimaraNa kI pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM sambandhita viSayoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura anta meM chaThAM samAdhimaraNa dvAra hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 175 gAthAe~ haiM, kintu kucha pratiyoM meM 75 gAthAe~ aura bhI milatI haiM kintu unameM se adhikAMza gAthAyeM AturapratyAkhyAna meM yathAvat upalabdha hotI haiN| grantha ke anta meM maraNa guNa dvAra nAmaka saptama dvAra meM sabase adhika 58 gAthAe~ hai| isameM akRtayoga aura kRtayoga ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo vyakti viSaya-vAsanAoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jIvana jItA hai, vaha akRta yoga hai tathA jo isake viparIta vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM para niyantraNa kara jIvana jItA hai vaha kRtayogI hai aura jo kRtayogI hai, usI kA maraNa sArthaka hai yA samAdhimaraNa hai| isameM kisa prakAra kI jIvana dRSTi va AcAra-vicAra kA pAlana karate hue vyakti samAdhimaraNa ko prApta kara sakatA hai, isakA vistRta vivecana hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki jo samyaktva se yukta labdhabuddhi sAdhaka AlocanA karake maraNa ko prApta hotA hai usakA maraNa zuddha hotA hai isake viparIta jo indriya sukhoM kI ora daur3atA hai vaha akRta parikrama jIva ArAdhanA kAla meM vicalita ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra lakSya bheda kA sAdhaka apanA dhyAna bAhya viSayoM kI ora na lagAkara kevala lakSya kI ora rakhatA hai, usI prakAra jo vyakti rAga-dveSa kA nigraha karatA hai tathA tridaNDa aura cAra kaSAyoM se apanI AtmA ko lipta nahIM hone detaa| pAMcoM indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhatA hai| chaha jIva nikAya kI hiMsA evaM sAta bhayoM se rahita mArdava bhAva se yukta hotA hai| ATha madoM se rahita hokara nava prakAra se brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai tathA dasa dharma kA pAlana karate hue zukla dhyAna ke abhimukha hotA hai vahI vyakti maraNa kAla meM kRta yogI hotA hai| jo vyakti jina upadRSTa samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA karatA hai vaha dhUta kleza hokara bhAvazalyoM kA nivAraNa karake zuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra sukuzala vaidya bhI apanI vyAdhi ko anya se kahakara usakI cikitsA karavAtA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI gurU ke samIpa apane doSoM kI AlocanA karake mRtyu ke samaya zuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| jo sAdhu maraNakAla meM Asakta nahIM hotA, vahI ArAdhaka hai| isa prakAra candravedhyaka mukhya rUpa se samAdhimaraNa karane vAle sAdhaka kI jIvana dRSTi kaisI honA cAhie, isakI carcA karatA hai| candravedhyaka ke pazcAt jo prakIrNaka grantha pUrNataH samAdhi samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ko hI apanA viSaya banAte haiM, unameM AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna pramukha haiN| jJAtavya hai ki AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna kI lagabhaga eka sau gAthAe~ malAcAra ke saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura bRhat pratyAkhyAna nAmaka adhyAyoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| 'AturapratyAkhyAna ke nAma se tIna prakIrNaka grantha upalabdha hote haiN| eka AturapratyAkhyAna meM tIsa gAthAe~ aura kucha gadya bhAga haiM, jabaki dUsare meM 34 gAthAe~ haiM aura tIsare meM 71 gAthAe~ haiN| vaise ina sabhI AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNakoM kA viSaya samAdhimaraNa hI hai| prathama
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________________ 91 adhamAgadhA AgamasAhatya ma samAdhamaraNa AturapratyAkhyAna meM paMca maMgala ke pazcAt arihaMta Adi se kSamA-yAcanA aura uttama artha arthAt samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA ke lie 18 pApa sthAnoM kA aura zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kA parityAga tathA anta meM sAgAra evaM nirAgAra samAdhi maraNa ke pratyAkhyAna kI carcA hai| isake anta meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM se kSamA yAcanA ke sandarbha meM 13 gAthAe~ haiM aura anta meM ekatva bhAvanA kA ullekha hai| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki "jJAna-darzana se yukta eka merA AtmA hI zAzvata hai, zeSa sabhI bAhya padArtha sAMyogika haiN| sAMyogika padArthoM ke prati mamatva hI duHkha paramparA kA kAraNa hai| ataH trividha rUpa se saMyoga kA parityAga kara denA caahie"| jJAtavya hai ki ye gAthAe~ bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra ke sAtha-sAtha kuMda-kuMda ke granthoM meM bhI yathAvata rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka dUsare grantha meM avirati kA pratyAkhyAna, mamatva tyAga, deva ke prati upAlambha, zubha bhAvanA, arahaMta Adi kA smaraNa Adi samAdhimaraNa ke aMgoM kI carcA hai| isI nAma ke tRtIya prakIrNaka 71 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM mukhya rUpa se bAla-paNDita maraNa aura paNDita maraNa aise do prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kI carcA karatA hai| isameM prathama 4 gAthAoM meM dezavratI zrAvaka ke liye bAla-paNDita maraNa kA vidhAna hai jabaki muni ke lie paNDita maraNa kA vidhAna hai| isameM uttama artha samAdhi maraNa kI prApti ke lie kisa prakAra ke dhyAnoM (vicAroM) kI AvazyakatA hai, isakI carcAyeM hai| isake pazcAt saba pApoM ke pratyAkhyAna ke sAtha AtmA kI ekatva kI anubhUti kI carcA bhI hai| anta meM AlocanAdAyaka aura AlocanA grAhaka ke guNoM kI carcA karate hue tIna prakAra ke maraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai -- bAla-maraNa, bAla-paNDitamaraNa, pnndditmrnn| isake pazcAt asamAdhimaraNa ke phala kI carcA kI gayI hai aura phira yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bAlamaraNa aura paNDita maraNa kyA hai ? zastra grahaNa, viSa-bhakSaNa, jala-praveza, agni-praveza Adi dvArA mRtyu ko prApta karanA bAlamaraNa hai tathA isake viparIta anazana dvArA dehAsakti kA tyAga kara kaSAyoM ko kSINa karanA paNDita maraNa hai| anta meM paNDitamaraNa kI bhAvanAe~ aura usakI vidhi kI carcA hai| mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNaka meM 142 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM bAhya evaM abhyAntara parigraha kA parityAga, sarvajIvoM se kSamA yAcanA, AtmAlocana, mamatva kA chedana, AtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna, mUla evaM uttara guNoM kI ArAdhanA, ekatva bhAvanA, saMyoga sambandhoM ke parityAga Adi kI carcA karate hue Alocaka ke svarUpa kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM samiti-gupti ke svarUpa kI carcA bhI hai| sAtha hI tapa ke mahattva ko batAyA gayA hai| phira akRta-yoga evaM kRtayoga kI carcA karake paNDita-maraNa kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai| isI prasaMga meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA kA bhI citraNa huA hai| anta meM saMsArataraNa evaM karmoM se vistAra pAne kA upadeza dete hue ArAdhanA rUpI patAkA ko phaharAne kA nirdeza hai| sAtha hI pA~ca prakAra kI ArAdhanA va unake phaloM kI carcA karate hue dhIramaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| saMstAraka prakIrNaka kA viSaya bhI samAdhimaraNa hI hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 122 gAthAe~ haiN| prArambha meM maMgala ke sAtha-sAtha kucha zreSTha vastuoM aura sadguNoM kI carcA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa paramArtha, parama-Ayatana, paramakalpa aura paramagati kA sAdhaka hai| jisa
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________________ DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prakAra parvatoM meM meruparvata evaM tArAgaNoM meM candra zreSTha hai, usI prakAra suvihita janoM ke hi saMthArA zreSTha hai| isI meM Age 12 gAthAoM meM saMstAraka ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| isa praka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kauna vyakti samAdhimaraNa ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai ? yaha grantha kSpakA lAbha evaM sukha kI carcA karatA hai| isameM saMthArA grahaNa karane vAle kucha vyaktiyoM ke ullekha yathA -- sukozala RSi, avanti-sukumAla, kArtikArya, pATalIputra ke caMdaka-putra (sambhava candragupta ) tathA cANakya aadi| jJAtavya hai ki isakI adhikAMza kathAe~ yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI upalabdha ho / haiN| vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki saMstAraka evaM maraNa-vibhakti meM varNita ina kathAoM kI bRhatkAra koza tathA ArAdhanA koza se tulanA kreN| anta meM saMstAraka kI bhAvanAoM kA citraNa haiN| isakI aneka gAthAe~ AturapratyAkhyAna evaM candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM bhI milatI haiN| zvetAmbara AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM sabase vistRta grantha maraNavibhakti hai| vastutaH maraNa vibhakti eka grantha na hokara samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prAcIna ATha granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita huA eka saMkalana grantha hai| yadyapi isameM ina ATha granthoM kI gAthAe~ khii| zabda rUpa se to kahIM bhAva rUpa se hI gRhIta haiN| phira bhI samAdhi maraNa sambandhita sabhI viSayoM ko eka sthAna para prastuta karane kI dRSTi se yaha grantha ati mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 663 gAthA haiN| yaha grantha saMkSipta hote hue bhI bhagavatIArAdhanA ke samAna hI apane viSaya ko samagra rUpa se | prastuta karatA hai| vistAra bhaya se yahAM isakI samasta viSaya-vastu kA pratipAdana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| isameM 14 dvAra arthAt adhyayana haiN| isa grantha meM bhI saMstAraka ke samAna hI paNDita maraNapUrvaka mukti prApta karane vAle sAdhakoM ke dRSTAnta haiN| jinameM se adhikAMza bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM saMstAraka meM milate haiN| isI grantha meM anitya Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM kA bhI vivecana hai| isake atirikta ArAdhanApatAkA nAmaka eka grantha aura hai| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA aisA kahanA hai ki yaha grantha yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA ke AdhAra para AcArya vIrabhadra dvArA nirmita huA hai, kintu isa grantha meM bhakta-parijJA, piNDaniyukti aura Avazyaka- niyukti kI anekoM gAthAe~ bhI haiN| ataH yaha kisa grantha ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai, yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| __isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita aneka grantha paravartI zvetAmbarAcAryoM dvArA bhI likhe gaye haiM, jinameM pUrNa vistAra ke sAtha samAdhimaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa hai kintu ye grantha paravartIkAla ke haiM, aura hama apane viSaya ko ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya taka hI sImita rakhane ke kAraNa inakI vizeSa carcA yahAM nahIM karanA caaheNge| yaha samasta carcA bhI hamane saMketa rUpa meM hI kI hai| vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki ve isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko Age bddh'aayeN| isa sambandha meM aneka Agamika vyAkhyA grantha jaise AcArAMga niyukti, sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, Avazyaka niyukti, nizIthabhASya, bRhatkalpa bhASya, vyavahAra bhASya, nizIthacUrNi Adi indajayast aaaaaaaaai
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________________ 93 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa unake upajIvya ho sakate haiN| isI prakAra AgamoM kI zIlAMka aura abhayadeva kI vRttiyAM bhI ta kucha sUcanAyeM pradAna kara sakatI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kSapaka arthAt saMlekhanA lene vAle Na ke maraNoparAnta deha ko kisa prakAra visarjita kiyA jAye, isakI carcA bhagavatIArAdhanA ra nizItha carNi meM samAna rUpa se milatI hai| AzA hai vidvAnoM kI AgAmI pIDhI isa lanAtmaka carcA ko pUrNatA pradAna kregii| pro. sAgaramala jaina, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa - pro. sAgaramala jaina karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava sRSTi-vaicitrya, vaiyaktika-bhinnatAoM, vyakti kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM evaM zubhAzubha manovRttiyoM ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke prayAsoM meM hI huA hai| sRSTi-vaicitrya evaM vaiyaktika, bhinnatAoM ke kAraNa kI khoja ke ina prayAsoM meM vibhinna vicAradhArAyeM astitva meM aayiiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad, aMguttaranikAya aura sUtrakRtAMga meM hameM ina vibhinna vicAradhArAoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa milate haiN| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM ina vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM pramukha mAnyatAe~ nimna haiM -- 1. kAlavAda -- yaha siddhAnta sRSTi-vaividhya aura vaiyaktika-vibhinnatAoM kA kAraNa kAla ko svIkAra karatA hai| jisakA jo samaya yA kAla hotA hai tabhI vaha ghaTita hotA hai, jaise -- apanI Rtu (samaya) Ane para hI vRkSa meM phala lagate haiN| 2. svabhAvavAda -- saMsAra meM jo bhI ghaTita hogA yA hotA hai, usakA AdhAra vastuoM kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI svabhAva kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA hai| 3. niyativAda -- saMsAra kA samagra ghaTanA-krama pUrva niyata hai, jo jisa rUpa meM honA hotA hai vaisA hI hotA hai, use koI anyathA nahIM kara sktaa| 4. yadRcchAvAda -- kisI bhI ghaTanA kA koI niyata hetu yA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| samasta ghaTanAe~ mAtra saMyoga kA pariNAma hai| yadRcchAvAda hetu ke sthAna para saMyoga (Chance) ko pramukha banA detA hai| 5. mahAbhUtavAda -- samagra astitva ke mUla meM paMcamahAbhUtoM kI sattA rahI hai| saMsAra unake vaividhyamaya vibhinna saMyogoM kA hI pariNAma hai| 6. prakRtivAda -- vizva-vaividhya triguNAtmaka prakRti kA hI khela hai| mAnavIya sukha-duHkha bhI prakRti ke hI adhIna hai| 7. IzvaravAda -- Izvara hI isa jagata kA racayitA evaM niyAmaka hai, jo kucha bhI hotA hai, vaha saba usakI icchA yA kriyAzakti kA pariNAma hai| 8. puruSavAda -- vaiyaktika vibhinnatA aura sAMsArika ghaTanA-krama ke mUla meM puruSa kA puruSArtha hI pramukha hai|
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________________ 95 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa vastutaH jagat-vaividhya aura vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM kI tArkika vyAkhyA ke inhIM prayatnoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai| jisameM purUSavAda kI pramukha bhUmikA rahI hai / karmasiddhAnta uparyukta siddhAntoM kA puruSavAda ke sAtha samanvaya kA prayatna hai| I zvetAzvataropaniSad ke prArambha meM hI yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki hama kisake dvArA prerita hokara saMsAra - yAtrA kA anuvartana kara rahe haiN| Age RSi yaha jijJAsA prakaTa karatA hai ki kyA kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta-yoni athavA puruSa yA ina sabakA saMyoga hI isakA kAraNa hai / vastutaH ina sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM puruSavAda ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI vizva- vaicitrya aura vaiyaktika - vaividhya kI vyAkhyA ke lie kisI na kisI bAya-tathya para hI bala de rahI thii| hama inameM se kisI bhI siddhAnta ko mAneM, vaividhya kA kAraNa vyakti se bhinna hI mAnanA hogA, kintu aisI sthiti meM vyakti para naitika dAyitva kA AropaNa sambhava nahIM ho pAtA hai / yadi hama jo kucha bhI karate haiM aura jo kucha bhI pAte haiM, usakA kAraNa bAhya tathya hI haiM, to phira hama kisI bhI kArya ke lie naitika dRSTi se uttaradAyI ThaharAye nahIM jA skte| yadi vyakti kAla, svabhAva, niyati athavA Izvara kI icchAoM kA eka sAdhana mAtra hai, to vaha usa kaThaputalI ke samAna hai, jo dUsare ke izAroM para hI kArya karatI hai| kintu aisI sthiti meM purUSa meM icchA - svAtantrya kA abhAva mAnane para naitika uttaradAyitva kI samasyA uThatI hai / sAmAnya manuSya ko naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAna banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ko usake zubhAzubha karmoM ke prati uttaradAyI banAyA jA sake aura yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba usake mana meM vizvAsa ho ki use usakI svatantra icchA se kiye gaye apane hI karmoM kA pariNAma prApta hotA hai / yahI karmasiddhAnta hai / jJAtavya hai ki karmasiddhAnta IzvarIya kRpA yA anugraha ke virodha meM jAtA hai, vaha to yaha mAnatA hai ki Izvara bhI karmaphala- vyavasthA ko anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai / karma kA niyama hI sarvopari hai / karmasiddhAnta aura kAryakAraNa kA niyama AcAra ke kSetra meM isa karmasiddhAnta kI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai jitanI vijJAna ke kSetra meM kArya-kAraNa- siddhAnta kI / jisa prakAra kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta ke abhAva meM vaijJAnika vyAkhyAyeM asambhava hotI haiM, usI prakAra karma - siddhAnta ke abhAva meM nItizAstra bhI artha - zUnya ho jAtA 1 pro. veMkaTaramaNa ke zabdoM meM karmasiddhAnta kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta ke niyamoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA mAnavIya AcAra ke kSetra meM prayoga hai, jisakI upakalpanA yaha hai ki jagat meM sabhI kucha kisI niyama ke adhIna hai| maiksamUlara likhate haiM ki yaha vizvAsa ki koI bhI acchA burA karma binA phala die samApta nahIM hotA, naitika jagat kA vaisA hI vizvAsa hai, jaisA bhautika jagat meM UrjA kI avinAzitA kA niyama hai / yadyapi karmasiddhAnta evaM vaijJAnika kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta meM sAmAnya rUpa se samAnatA pratIta hotI hai, kintu unameM eka maulika antara bhI hai| yaha ki jahA~ kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA vivecya jaDa tattva ke kriyA-kalApa haiM vahIM karma siddhAnta kA vivecya
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 96 cetanA sattA ke kriyA-kalApa haiN| ataH karmasiddhAnta meM vaisI pUrNa niyatatA nahIM hotI, jaisI kAryakAraNa siddhAnta meM hotI hai| yaha niyatatA evaM svataMtratA kA samucita saMyoga hai| karmasiddhAnta kI maulika svIkRti yahI hai ki pratyeka zubhAzubha kriyA kA koI prabhAva yA pariNAma avazya hotA hai| sAtha hI usa karma-vipAka yA pariNAma kA bhoktA vahI hotA hai, jo kriyA kA kartA hotA hai aura karma evaM vipAka kI yaha paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| karmasiddhAnta kI upayogitA karmasiddhAnta kI vyAvahArika upayogitA yaha hai ki vaha na kevala hameM naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAna banAtA hai, apitu vaha hamAre sukha-duHkha Adi kA srota hamAre vyaktitva meM hI khojakara Izvara evaM prativezI arthAta anya vyaktiyoM ke prati kaTutA kA nivAraNa karatA hai| karmasiddhAnta kI sthApanA kA prayojana yahI hai ki naitika kRtyoM ke anivArya phala ke AdhAra para unake preraka kAraNoM evaM anuvartI pariNAmoM kI vyAkhyA kI jA sake, tathA vyaktiyoM ko azubha yA duSkarmoM se vimukha kiyA jA ske| jaina karmasiddhAnta aura anya darzana aitihAsika dRSTi se vedoM meM upasthita Rta kA siddhAnta karma-niyama kA Adi srota hai| yadyapi upaniSadoM ke pUrva ke vaidika sAhitya meM karma siddhAnta kA koI suspaSTa vivecana nhiiN| milatA. phira bhI usameM upasthita Rta ke niyama kI vyAkhyA isa rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai| pro. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM karma (jagat vaicitrya kA) kAraNa hai, aisA vAda upaniSadoM kA sarva-sammatavAda ho, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bhAratIya cintana meM karma siddhAnta kA vikAsa jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM huA hai| yadyapi yaha eka bhinna bAta hai ki jainoM ne karmasiddhAnta kA jo gaMbhIra vivecana prastuta kiyA vaha anya paramparAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai| vaidikoM ke lie jo mahattva Rta kA, mImAsaMko ke lie apUrva kA, naiyAyikoM ke lie adRSTa kA, vedAntiyoM ke lie mAyA kA aura sAMkhyoM ke lie prakRti kA hai, vahI jainoM ke lie karma kA hai| yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se dekhane para vedoM kA Rta, mImAMsako kA apUrva, naiyAyikoM kA adRSTa, advaitiyoM kI mAyA, sAMkhyoM kI prakRti evaM bauddhoM kI avidyA yA saMskAra paryAyavAcI se lagate haiM, kyoMki vyakti ke bandhana evaM usake sukha-duHkha kI sthitiyoM meM inakI mukhya bhUmikA hai, phira bhI inake svarUpa meM dArzanika dRSTi se antara bhI hai, yaha bAta hameM dRSTigata rakhanI hogii| IsAIdharma aura islAmadharma meM bhI karma-niyama ko sthAna milA hai| phira bhI IzvarIya anugraha para adhika bala dene ke kAraNa unameM karma-niyama ke prati AsthA ke sthAna para Izvara ke prati vizvAsa hI pramukha rahA hai| Izvara kI avadhAraNA ke abhAva ke kAraNa bhArata kI zramaNa paramparA karmasiddhAnta ke prati adhika AsthAvAna rahI hI, bauddha-darzana meM bhI jainoM ke samAna hI karma-niyama ko sarvopari mAnA gyaa| hindUdharma meM bhI IzvarIya vyavasthA ko karma-niyama ke adhIna lAyA gayA, usameM Izvara karma-niyama kA vyavasthApaka hokara bhI usake adhIna hI kArya karatA hai|
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________________ 97 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 'karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa krama jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa kisa krama meM huA, isa prazna kA samAdhAna utanA sarala nahIM jitanA ki hama samajhate haiM / sAmAnya vizvAsa to yaha hai ki jaina dharma kI taraha yaha bhI Adi hai, kintu vidvat-varga ise svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| yadi jaina kArmasiddhAnta ke vikAsa kA samAdhAna denA ho to, vaha jaina Agama evaM karmasiddhAnta siddhAnta sambandhI granthoM ke kAlakrama AdhAra para hI diyA jA sakatA hai, usake atirikta anya vikalpa nahIM hai / jaina masAhitya meM AcArAMga prAcInatama hai| usa grantha meM jaina karmasiddhAnta kA cAhe vikasita upalabdha na ho, kintu usakI mUlabhUta avadhAraNAe~ avazya upasthita hai| karma se upAdhi bandhana hotA hai, karma raja hai, karma kA Asava hotA hai, sAdhaka ko karmazarIra ko dhuna DAlanA hie Adi vicAra usameM parilakSita hote haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke kAla meM karma ko spaSTa rUpa se bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA thA aura karma ke bhautika pakSa kI svIkRti ke sAtha yaha bhI mAnA jAtA thA ki karma kI nirjarA kI jA sakatI hai| sAtha hI AcArAMga meM zubhAzubha karmoM kA zubhAzubha vipAka hotA hai, yaha avadhAraNA bhI upasthita hai| usake kAnusAra bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mamatva hai / bandhana se mukti kA upAya mamatva kA visarjana aura samatva kA sarjana hai"| sUtrakRtAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha bhI AcArAMga se kiMcita hI paravartI mAnA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke kAla meM yaha prazna bahucarcita thA, ki karma kA phala saMvibhAga sambhava hai yA nahIM ? isameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki vyakti apane svakRta karmoM kA hI vipAka anubhava karatA hai / bandhana ke sambandha meM sUtrakRtAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki kucha vyakti karma aura akarma ko vIrya (puruSArtha) kahate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki karma ke sandarbha meM yaha vicAra logoM ke mana meM utpanna ho gayA thA, ki yadi karma hI bandhana hai to phira akarma arthAt niSkriyatA hI bandhana se bacane kA upAya hogA, kintu sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra akarma kA artha maStiSyatA nahIM hai| isameM pratipAdita hai ki pramAda karma hai aura apramAda akarma hai| vastutaH kisI kriyA kI bandhakatA usake kriyA-rUpa hone para nahIM, apitu usake pIche rahI pramattatA yA pramattatA para nirbhara hai| yahAM pramAda kA artha hai AtmacetanA (Self-awareness) kA prabhAva / jisa AtmA kA viveka jAgRta nahIM haiM aura jo kaSAyayukta haiM, vahI parisupta yA pramatta aura jisakA viveka jAgRta hai aura jo vAsanA - mukta hai vahI apramatta hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM hI kriyAoM ke do rUpoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai 1. sAmparAyika aura 2. IryApathika 7 1 dveSa, krodha Adi kaSAyoM se yukta kriyAyeM sAmparAyika kahI jAtI hai, jabaki inase rahita kiyAyeM IryApathika kahI jAtI haiN| sAmparAyika kriyAyeM bandhaka hotI hai, jabaki IryApathika dhanakAraka, nahIM hotii| isase isa niSkarSa para pahucate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM kauna sA karma dhana kA kAraNa hogA aura kauna sA karma bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hogA, isakI eka kasauTI prastuta kara dI gaI hai| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita mamatva kI apekSA isameM pramattatA aura kaSAya ko na kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 98 yadi hama bandhana ke kAraNoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kareM, to yaha pAte haiM ki prArambha meM mamatva ( merepana ) ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA, phira AtmavismRti yA pramAda ko| jaba pramAda kI vyAkhyA kA prazna AyA, to spaSTa kiyA gayA ki rAga-dveSa kI upasthiti I pramAda hai| ataH rAga-dveSa ko bandhana kA kAraNa batAyA gyaa| rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa moha mAna gayA, ataH uttarAdhyayana meM rAga-dveSa evaM moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| inameM mor3a mithyAtva aura kaSAya kA saMyukta rUpa hai| pramAda ke sAtha inameM avirati evaM yoga ke jur3ane para jaina paramparA meM bandhana ke 5 kAraNa mAne jAne lage / samayasAra Adi meM pramAda ko kaSAya kA hI eka rUpa mAnakara bandhana ke cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM yoga bandhanakAraka hote hue bhI vastutaH jaba taka kaSAya ke sAtha yukta nahIM hotA hai, bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai| ataH prAcIna granthoM meM bandhana ke kAraNoM kI carcA meM mukhya rUpa se rAga-dveSa (kaSAya) evaM moha (mithyAdRSTi) kI hI carcA huI hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se karmaprakRtiyoM kA vivecana bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| karma kI aSTa mUlaprakRtiyoM kA sarva prathama nirdeza hameM RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM upalabdha hotA hai / isameM 8 prakAra kI karmagranthiyoM kA ullekha hai| yadyapi vahA~ inake nAmoM kI koI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| 8 prakAra kI karmaprakRtiyoM ke nAmoM kA spaSTa ullekha hameM uttarAdhyayana ke 33veM adhyAya meM aura sthAnAMga meM milatA hai| 2 sthAnAMga kI apekSA bhI uttarAdhyayana meM yaha varNana vistRta hai, kyoMki isameM avAntara karma prakRtiyoM kI carcA bhI haI hai| isameM jJAnAvaraNa karma kI 5, darzanAvaraNa kI 9, vedanIya kI 2, mohanIya kI 2 evaM 28, nAmakarma kI 2 evaM aneka, AyuSyakarma kI 4, gotrakarma kI 2 aura antarAya karma kI 5 avAntara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| Age jo karmasAhitya sambandhI grantha nirmita hue unameM nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA meM aura bhI vRddhi huI, sAtha hI unameM AtmA meM kisa avasthA meM kitanI karmaprakRtiyoM kA udaya, sattA, bandha Adi hote haiM, isakI bhI carcA huii| vastutaH jaina karmasiddhAnta I.pU. AThavIM zatI se lekara IsvI san kI sAtavIM zatIM taka lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM vyavasthita hotA rahA hai| yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki karmasiddhAnta kA jitanA gahana vizleSaNa jaina paramparA ke karmasiddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya meM huA, utanA anyatra kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM huA hai| karma zabda kA artha __ jaba hama jaina karmasiddhAnta kI bAta karate haiM, to hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki usameM karma zabda eka vizeSa artha meM prayukta huA hai| vaha artha karma ke usa sAmAnya artha kI apekSA adhika vyApaka hai| sAmAnyatayA koI bhI kriyA karma kahalAtI hai, pratyeka halacala cAhe vaha mAnasika ho, vAcika ho yA zArIrika ho, karma hai| kintu jaina paramparA meM jaba hama karma zabda.kA prayoga karate haiM, to vahA~ ye kriyAyeM tabhI karma banatI haiM, jaba ye bandhana kA kAraNa hoN| mImAMsAdarzana meM karma kA tAtparya yajJa-yAga, Adi kriyAoM se liyA jAtA hai| gItA Adi meM karma
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________________ -- 99 artha apane varNAzrama ke anusAra kiye jAne vAle karmoM se liyA gayA hai / yadyapi gItA eka vaka artha meM bhI karma zabda kA prayoga karatI hai| usake anusAra manuSya jo bhI karatA hai yA kA Agraha rakhatA hai, ve sabhI pravRttiyA~ karma kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| bauddhadarzana meM cetanA ko karma kahA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiM ki "bhikSuoM karma, ghetanA hI hai", aisA maiM isalie tA hUM ki cetanA ke dvArA hI vyakti karma ko karatA hai, kAyA se, mana se yA vANI se 14 / prakAra bauddhadarzana meM karma ke samutthAna yA kAraka ko hI karma kahA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM calakara cetanA karma aura cetayitvA karma kI carcA huI hai| cetanA karma mAnasika karma hai, vilvA karma vAcika evaM kAyika karma haiM 15 / kintu hameM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jaina siddhAnta meM karma zabda adhika vyApaka artha meM gRhIta huA hai| usameM mAtra kriyA ko hI karma hIM kahA gayA, apitu usake hetu (kAraNa) ko bhI karma kahA gayA hai| AcArya devendrasUri lakhate haiM jIva kI kriyA kA hetu hI karma hai 16 / kintu hama mAtra hetu ko bhI karma nahIM kaha sakate haiN| hetu, usase niSpanna kriyA aura usa kriyA kA pariNAma, sabhI milakara jaina darzana meM kI paribhASA ko spaSTa karate haiN| paM. sukhalAla jI saMghavI likhate haiM ki mithyAtva kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai karma kahalAtA hai| merI dRSTi se isake sAtha hI sAtha karma meM usa kriyA ke vipAka ko bhI sammilita karanA hogaa| isa prakAra karma ke hetu kriyA aura kriyA- vipAka, sabhI milakara karma kahalAte haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne karma ke do vapakSa mAne haiM 1. rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya ye sabhI manobhAva, bhAva karma kahe jAte haiM 1 2. karma - pudgala dravyakarma kahe jAte haiN| ye bhAvakarma ke pariNAma hote haiM, sAtha hI manojanyakarma kI utpatti kA nimitta kAraNa bhI hote haiN| yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye karma hetu (bhAvakarma) aura karmapariNAma (dravyakarma) bhI paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva rakhate haiN| -- jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa -- sabhI Astika darzanoM ne eka aisI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai, jo AtmA yA cetanA kI zuddhatA ko prabhAvita karatI hai| use vedAnta meM mAyA, sAMkhya meM prakRti, nyAyadarzana meM adRSTa evaM mImAMsA meM apUrva kahA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM use hI avidyA aura saMskAra (vAsanA) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yogadarzana meM ise Azaya kahA jAtA hai, to zaivadarzana meM yaha pAza kahalAtI hai / jainadarzana isI AtmA kI vizuddhatA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti ko 'karma kahatA hai| jaina darzana meM karma ke nimitta kAraNoM ke rUpa meM karma pudgala ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki isake upAdAna ke rUpa meM AtmA ko hI mAnA gayA hai| AtmA ke bandhana meM karma pudgala nimitta kAraNa hai aura svayaM AtmA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| karma kA bhautika svarUpa jainadarzana meM karma cetanA se utpanna kriyA mAtra nahIM hai, apitu yaha svatantra tattva bhI hai| AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa kyA hai ? jaba yaha prazna jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa AyA to unhoMne batAyA ki AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa kevala AtmA nahIM ho sakatI / vastutaH kaSAya ( rAga-dveSa) athavA moha ( mithyAtva) Adi jo bandhaka manovRttiyA~ haiM, ve bhI svataH utpanna nahIM ho sakatIM, jaba taka ki ve pUrvabaddha karmavargaNAoM ke vipAka (saMskAra) ke rUpa meM cetanA ke
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 100 samakSa upasthita nahIM hotI hai| jisa prakAra manovaijJAnika dRSTi se zarIra-rasAyanoM ke parikSa se saMvega ( manobhAva) utpanna hote haiM aura una saMvegoM ke kAraNa hI zarIra-rasAyanoM meM pati hotA hai| yahI sthiti AtmA kI bhI hai| pUrva karmoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM rAga-dveSa Adi mana utpanna (udita) hote haiM aura ina udaya meM Aye manobhAvoM ke kriyArUpa pariNita hone para a navIna karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai| bandhana kI dRSTi se karmavargaNAoM ke kAraNa manobhAva utii| hote haiM aura una manobhAvoM ke kAraNa jar3a karmavargaNAe~ karma kA svarUpa grahaNa kara AtmA bandhana meM DAlatI haiN| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra ekAnta rUpa se na to AtmA svataH hI banda kA kAraNa hai, na karmavargaNA ke pudgala hii| donoM nimitta evaM upAdAna ke rUpa se eka dUsare / saMyukta hokara hI bandhana kI prakriyA ko janma dete haiN| dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma karmavargaNAe~ yA karma kA bhautika pakSa, dravyakarma kahalAtA hai| jabaki karma kI caitsi| avasthAe~ arthAt manovRttiyA~, bhAvakarma hai| AtmA ke manobhAva yA cetanA kI vividha vikAsi avasthAe~ bhAvakarma hai aura ye manobhAva jisa nimitta se utpanna hote haiM, vaha pudgala-drava dravyaka hai| AcArya nemicanda gommaTasAra meM likhate haiM ki pudagala dravyakarma hai aura usakI cetana ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti bhAvakarma hai17 | AtmA meM jo mithyAtva aura kaSAya atharva rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva hai, ve hI bhAva karma haiM aura unakI upasthiti meM karmavargaNA ke jo pudgala paramANu jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmaprakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM, ve hI dravyakarma haiN| dravyakarma kA kAraNa bhAvakarma hai aura bhAvakarma kA kAraNa dravya karma hai| AcArya vidyAnandi ne aSTasahastrI meM dravyakarma ko AvaraNa va bhAvakarma ko doSa kahA hai| cUMki dravyakarma Atmazakti ke prakaTana ko rokatA hai, isalie vaha AvaraNa hai aura bhAva karma svayaM AtmA kI vibhAva avasthA hai, ataH vaha doSa hai181 karmavargaNA ke pudgala taba taka karma rUpa meM pariNita nahIM hote haiM, jaba taka ye bhAvakoM dvArA prerita nahIM hote haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki AtmA meM jo vibhAvadazAe~ haiM, unake nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM dravyakarma bhI apanA kArya karate haiN| yaha satya hai ki dUSita manovikAroM kA janma AtmA meM hI hotA hai, kintu usake nimitta (pariveza) ke rUpa meM karmavargaNAe~ apanI bhUmikA kA avazya nirvAha karatI haiN| jisa prakAra hamAre svabhAva meM parivartana kA kAraNa hamAre jaiva-rasAyanoM evaM rakta-rasAyanoM kA parivartana hai| usI prakAra karmavargaNAe~ hamAre manovikAroM ke sRjana meM nimitta kAraNa hotI hai| punaH jisa prakAra hamAre manobhAvoM ke AdhAra para hamAre jaiva-rasAyana evaM raktarasAyana meM parivartana hotA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa jar3a karmavargaNA ke pudgala karma rUpa meM pariNita ho jAte haiN| ataH dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma bhI paraspara sApekSa hai| paM. sukhalAla jI likhate haiM bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma nimitta hai aura dravyakarma ke hone meM bhAvakarma nimitta hai19 | donoM Apasa meM bIjAMkura kI taraha sambaddha haiN| jisa prakAra bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja utpanna hotA hai| unameM kisI ko pUrvApara nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, vaise inameM bhI kisI kI pUrvAparatA kA nizcaya nahIM ho mA hai| pratyeka dravyakarma kI apekSA se bhAvakarma pUrva hogA tathA pratyeka bhAvakarma kI apekSA se
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________________ 101 jana kamAsaddhAnta : eka vizlaSaNa karma pUrva hogaa| dravyakarma evaM bhAvakarma kI isa AvadhAraNA ke AdhAra para jaina-karmasiddhAnta adhika saMgata bana gayA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta karma ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa para samucita bala dete hue bhI / aura cetana ke madhya eka vAstavika sambandha banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| karma jar3a-jagat evaM nA ke madhya eka yojaka kar3I hai| jahA~ eka ora sAMkhya-yoga darzana ke anusAra karma-pUrNataH prakRti se sambandhita hai| ataH unake anusAra vaha prakRti hI hai, jo bandhana meM AtI hai aura sta hotI hai| vahIM dUsarI ora bauddha darzana ke anusAra karma saMskAra rUpa hai ataH ve caittasika / isalie unheM mAnanA par3A ki cetanA hI bandhana evaM mukti kA kAraNa hai| kintu jaina cAraka ina ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM se santuSTa nahIM ho paaye| unake anusAra saMsAra kA artha hai-- r3a aura cetana kA pArasparika bandhana yA unakI pArasparika prabhAvazIlatA tathA mukti kA artha F- jar3a evaM cetana kI eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karane kI sAmarthya kA samApta ho jaanaa| tika evaM abhautika pakSoM kI pArasparika prabhAvakatA jina dArzanikoM ne carama-satya ke sambandha meM advaita kI dhAraNA ke sthAna para dvaita kI maraNA svIkAra kI, unake lie yaha prazna banA rahA ki ve donoM tattva eka dUsare ko kisa prakAra prabhAvita karate haiN| aneka vicArakoM ne dvaita ko svIkArate hue bhI unake pArasparika sambandha ko asvIkAra kiyaa| kintu jagat kI vyAkhyA inake pArasparika sambandha ke abhAva meM sambhava nahIM hai| pazcima meM yaha samasyA dekArta ke sAmane prastuta huI thii| dekArta ne isakA hala pArasparika pratikriyAvAda ke AdhAra para kiyA bhI, kintu spInojA usase santuSTa nahIM hue, inhoMne prazna uThAyA ki do svatantra sattAoM meM paraspara pratikriyA sambhava kaise hai ? ataH spInojA ne pratikriyAvAda ke sthAna para samAnAntaravAda kI sthApanA kii| lAIbinIja ne pUrvasthApita sAmaMjasya kI avadhAraNA prastuta kii| bhAratIya cintana meM bhI prAcIna kAla se sa sambandha meM prayatna hue haiN| usameM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA ki liMgazarIra yA karmazarIra AtmA ko kaise prabhAvita kara sakatA hai ? sAMkhya darzana puruSa aura prakRti ke dvaita ko svIkAra kara ke hI inako pArasparika sambandha ko nahIM samajhA pAyA, kyoMki usane puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAna liyA thA, kintu jaina darzana ne apane vastuvAdI aura pariNAmavAdI vicAroM ke AdhAra para inakI | saphala vyAkhyA kI hai| vaha batAtA hai ki jisa prakAra jar3a mAdaka padArtha cetanA ko prabhAvita karate haiM, usI prakAra jar3a karmavargaNAoM kA prabhAva cetana AtmA para par3atA hai, ise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra kA artha hai -- jar3a aura cetana kA vAstavika smbndh| isa sambandha kI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra kiye binA jagat kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai| takarma kA amUrta AtmA para prabhAva / yaha bhI satya hai ki karma mUrta hai aura ve hamArI cetanA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| jaise mUrta bhautika viSayoM kA cetana vyakti se sambandha hone para sukha-duHkha Adi kA anubhava yA vedanA
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 102 hotI hai, vaise hI karma ke pariNAma svarUpa bhI vedanA hotI hai, ataH ve mUrta haiN| kintu dAzIla dRSTi se yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi karma mUrta hai to, vaha amUrta AtmA para prabhAva DAlegA? jisa prakAra vAyu aura agni amUrta AkAza para kisI prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM hai sakatI hai, usI prakAra karma kA amUrta AtmA para bhI koI prabhAva nahIM honA cAhi jainadArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki jaise amUrta jJAnAdi guNoM para mUrta madirAdi kA prabhAva par3atA vaise hI amUrta jIva para bhI mUrta karma kA prabhAva par3atA hai| ukta prazna kA dUsarA trk-sNgt| nirdoSa samAdhAna yaha bhI hai ki karma ke sambandha se AtmA kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| kyoM, saMsArIAtmA anAdikAla se karmadravya se sambaddha hai, isa apekSA se AtmA sarvathA amUrta nhiiN| apitu karma se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa svarUpataH amUrtaH hote hue bhI vastutaH kathaMcit mUrta hai| isa dRSTi se bhI AtmA para mUrtakarma kA upaghAta, anugraha aura prabhAva par3atA hai| vastutaH ji para karmasiddhAnta kA niyama lAgU hotA hai, vaha vyaktitva amUrta nahIM hai| hamArA vartamAna vyaktita zarIra (bhautika) aura AtmA (abhautika) kA eka viziSTa saMyoga hai| zarIrI AtmA bhautika bAhya tathyoM se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sktaa| jaba taka AtmA-zarIra (karma-zarIra) ke bandhana mukta nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka vaha apane ko bhautika prabhAvoM se pUrNatayA aprabhAvita nahIM rakha sktii| mUrta zarIra ke mAdhyama se hI usa para mUrtakarma kA prabhAva par3atA hai| AtmA aura karmavargaNAoM meM vAstavika sambandha svIkAra karane para yaha prazna uThatA hai ki mukta avasthA meM bhI jar3a karmavargaNAe~ AtmA ko prabhAvita kie binA nahIM raheMgI, kyoMki mukti-kSetra meM bhI karmavargaNAoM kA astitva to hai hii| isa sandarbha meM jaina AcAryoM kA utta yaha hai ki jisa prakAra kIcar3a meM rahA lohA jaMga khAtA hai, parantu svarNa nahIM, usI prakAra jar3akarma pudgala usI AtmA ko vikArI banA sakate haiM, jo rAga-dveSa se azuddha hai| vastutaH jo taka AtmA bhautika zarIra se yukta hotA hai, tabhI taka karmavargaNA ke pudgala use prabhAvita kara sakate haiN| AtmA meM pUrva se upasthita karmavargaNA ke pudgala hI bAhya-jagat ke karmavargaNAoM ko AkarSita kara sakate haiN| mukta avasthA meM AtmA azarIrI hotA hai ataH use karmavargaNA ke pudgala prabhAvita karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiN| karma evaM unake vipAka kI paramparA karma evaM unake vipAka kI paramparA se hI yaha saMsAra-cakra pravartita hotA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai ki karma aura AtmA kA sambandha kaba se huA yadi hama yaha sambandha sAdi arthAt kAla vizeSa meM huA, aisA mAnate haiM, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki usake pahale AtmA mukta thA aura yadi mukta AtmA ko bandhana meM Ane kI sambhAvanA ho to phira mukti kA koI mUlya hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki AtmA anAdikAla se bandhana meM hai, to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki yadi bandhana anAdi hai to vaha ananta bhI hogA, aisI sthiti meM mukti kI sambhAvanA hI samApta ho jaayegii| jaina dArzanikoM ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna isa rUpa meM kiyA ki karma aura vipAka kI yaha paramparA karma vizeSa kI apekSA se to sAdi aura sAnta hai, kintu pravAha kI apekSA se
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________________ sAdi aura ananta hai| punaH karma aura vipAka kI paramparA kA yaha pravAha bhI vyakti vizeSa kI Ta se anAdi to hai, ananta nhiiN| kyoMki pratyeka karma apane bandhana kI dRSTi se sAdi haiN| vyakti navIna karmoM kA Agamana roka sake to yaha paramparA svataH hI samApta ho jAyegI, ke karma-vizeSa to sAdi hai hI aura jo sAdi hai, vaha kabhI samApta hogA hii| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra rAga-dveSa rUpI karmabIja ke bhUna jAne para karma pravAha kI paramparA samApta ho jAtI hai| karma aura vipAka kI paramparA ke sambandha meM yahI eka aisA TakoNa hai jisake AdhAra para bandhana kA anAditva va mukti se anAvRtti kI samucita khyA sambhava hai| phalasaMvibhAga kA prazna kyA eka vyakti apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala dUsare ko de sakatA hai yA nahIM athavA dUsare karmoM kA phala use prApta hotA hai yA nahIM, yaha dArzanika dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| bhAratIya cintana meM hindUparamparA mAnatI hai ki vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala usake pUrvajoM va santAnoM ko mila sakatA hai| isa prakAra vaha isa siddhAnta ko mAnatI hai ki karmaphala kA vibhAga sambhava hai| isake viparIta bauddha paramparA kahatI hai ki vyakti ke puNyakarma kA hI bhavibhAga ho sakatA hai, pApakarma kA nhiiN| kyoMki pApakarma meM usakI anumati nahIM hotI haiN| punaH unake anusAra pApa sImita hotA hai ataH isakA saMvibhAga nahIM ho sakatA, kintu puNya ke aparimita hone se usakA hI saMvibhAga sambhava hai|22 kintu isa sambandha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa bhinna hai, unake anusAra vyakti apane karmoM kA phala vipAka na to dUsaroM ko de sakatA hai aura nadUsare ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala use mila sakatA hai| jaina dArzanika spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate hai ki karma aura usakA vipAka vyakti kA apanA svakRta hotA hai|23 / jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karmaphalasaMvibhAga kA artha samajhane ke lie hameM nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa ke bheda ko samajhanA hogaa| dUsarA vyakti hamAre sukha-duHkha meM aura hama dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM nimitta ho sakate haiM, kintu bhoktA aura kartA to vahI hotA hai| ataH upAdAna kI dRSTi se to karna aura usakA vipAka arthAt sukha-duHkha kA anubhava svakRta hai| nimitta kI dRSTi se unheM parakRta kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu nimitta apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiN| kyoMki karma saMkalpa to hamArA apanA hI hotA hai evaM karma ke vipAka kI anubhUti bhI hamArI hI hotI hai| ataH upAdAna kAraNa kI dRSTi se to karma evaM usake vipAka meM saMvibhAga sambhava nahIM hai| na to dUsarA vyakti hameM sukhI yA duHkhI kara sakatA hai aura na hama dUsare ko sukhI yA duHkhI kara sakate haiN| hama adhika se adhika dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ke nimitta ho sakate haiN| lekina aisI nimittatA to bhautika padArthoM ke sandarbha meM bhI hotI hai| satya to yaha hai ki karma aura usakA vipAka donoM hI vyakti ke apane hote haiN| karmavipAka kI niyatatA va aniyatatA
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________________ karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se yaha prazna bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA jina karmoM kA bandha kiyA gayA hai, unakA vipAka vyakti ko bhoganA hI hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karmoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai -- 1. niyatavipAkI aura 2. aniytvipaakii| kucha karma aise hote haiM, jinakA jisa phalavipAka ko lekara bandha kiyA gayA hai, usI rUpa meM unake phala ke vipAka kA vedana karanA hotA hai, kintu isake atirikta kucha karma aise bhI hote haiM, jinake vipAka kA vedana usI rUpa meM nahIM karanA hotA, jisa rUpa meM unakA bandha hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta mAnatA hai ki jo karma tIvra kaSAyoM se udbhUta hote haiM unakA bandha bhI pragAr3ha hotA hai aura vipAka bhI niyata hotA hai| pAramparika zabdAvalI meM unheM nikAcita kahate haiN| isake viparIta jina karmoM ke sampAdana ke pIche kaSAyabhAva alpa hotA hai, unakA bandhana zithila hotA hai aura unake vipAka kA saMvedana Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai| ve tapa evaM pazcAtApa ke dvArA apanA phala vipAka diye binA hI samApta ho jAte haiN| vaiyaktika dRSTi se sabhI AtmAoM meM karmavipAka parivartana karane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI hai| kevala ve hI vyakti jo AdhyAtmika UMcAI para sthita haiM, karmavipAka meM parivartana kara sakate haiN| punaH ve bhI unhIM karmoM ke vipAka ko anyathA kara sakate haiM, jinakA bandha aniyatavipAkI karma ke rUpa meM huA hai| niyatavipAkI karmoM kA bhoga to anivArya hai| isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta apane ko niyativAda aura yadRcchAvAda donoM kI ekAMgikatA se bacAtA hai| vastutaH karmasiddhAnta meM karmavipAka kI niyatatA aura aniyatatA kI virodhI dhAraNAoM ke samanvaya ke abhAva meM naitika jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hAtI hai| yadi ekAnta rUpa se karmavipAka kI niyatatA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to naitika AcaraNa kA cAhe niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM kucha sAmAjika mUlya banA rahe, lekina usakA vidhAyaka mUlya to pUrNatayA samApta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki niyata bhaviSya ke badalane kI sAmarthya naitika jIvana meM nahIM raha pAtI hai| dUsare, yadi karmoM ko pUrNataH aniyatavipAkI mAnA jAye, to naitika vyavasthA kA hI koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai| vipAka kI pUrNaniyatatA mAnane para nirdhAraNavAda aura vipAka kI pUrNa aniyatatA mAnane para anirdhAraNavAda kI sambhAvanA hogI, lekina donoM hI dhAraNAe~ aikAntika rUpa meM naitika jIvana kI samucita vyAkhyA kara pAne meM asamartha haiN| ataH karmavipAka kI AMzika niyatatA hI eka tarkasaMgata dRSTikoNa hai, jo naitika darzana kI samyak vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai| karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~24 jaina darzana meM karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM para cintana huA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki karma ke bandha aura vipAka (udaya) ke bIca kauna-kauna sI avasthAyeM ghaTita ho sakatI haiM, punaH ve kisa sImA taka AtmasvAtantrya ko kuNThita karatI haiM athavA kisI sImA taka AtmasvAtantrya ko abhivyakta karatI hai, isakI carcA bhI kI gayI hai| ye avasthAe~ nimna haiM -- - 1. bandha -- kaSAya evaM yoga ke phalasvarUpa karmavargaNA ke pudagaloM kA AtmapradezoM se jo
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________________ bandha sthApita hotA hai, use bandha kahate haiN| emainine saMkramaNa -- eka karma ke aneka avAntara bheda hote haiN| jaina karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra karma kA ke bheda apane sajAtIya dUsare bheda meM badala sakatA hai| avAntara karma-prakRtiyoM kA yaha dala-badala saMkramaNa kahalAtA hai| saMkramaNa meM AtmA pUrvabaddha karma prakRti kA navIna karmaprakRti nabandha karate samaya rUpAntaraNa karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pUrva baddha duHkhada saMvedana rUpa sAtAvedanIya karma kA navIna sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karate samaya sAtAvedanIya karma ke rUpa meM kramaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMkramaNa kI yaha kSamatA AtmA kI pavitratA ke sAtha hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| jo AtmA jitanI pavitra hotI hai, usameM saMkramaNa kI kSamatA bhI utanI hI adhika hotI / AtmA meM karmaprakRtiyoM ke saMkramaNa kI sAmarthya honA yaha batAtA hai, jahA~ apavitra AtmAe~ paristhitiyoM kI dAsa hotI haiM, vahIM pavitra AtmA paristhitiyoM kI svAmI hotI haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI sAtavya hai ki prathama to mUla karmaprakRtiyoM kA eka dUsare meM kabhI bhI saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai jaise zAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa meM nahIM badalatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, darzanamoha karma, cAritramoha karma aura AyuSya karma kI AvAntara prakRtiyoM kA bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai| 3. udvartanA -- navIna bandha karate samaya AtmA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI kAla-maryAdA (sthiti) aura khIvratA ( anubhAga) ko bar3hA bhI sakatA hai| kAla-maryAdA aura tIvratA ko bar3hAne kI yaha prakriyA udvartanA kahalAtI hai| 4. apavartanA -- navIna bandha karate samaya pUrva baddha karmoM kI kAla-maryAdA (sthiti) tIvratA (anubhAga) ko kama bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, ise aparvatanA kahate haiN| 5. sattA --- karma ke baddha hone ke pazcAt tathA usake vipAka se pUrva bIca kI avasthA sattA kahalAtI hai| sattA kAla meM karma astitva meM to rahatA hai, kintu vaha sakriya nahIM hotaa| 6. udaya -- jaba karma apanA phala denA prArambha karate haiM to vaha avasthA udaya kahalAtI hai| udaya do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai -- 1. vipAkodaya aura 2. prdeshody| karma kA apanA apane phala kI cetana anubhUti karAye binA hI nirjarita honA pradezodaya kahalAtA hai| jaise acetana avasthA meM zalya kriyA kI vedanA kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, yadyapi vedanA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai| isI prakAra binA apanI phalAnubhUti karavAye jo karma paramANu AtmA se nirjarita hote haiM, unakA udaya pradezodaya hotA hai| isake viparIta jina karmoM kI apane vipAka ke samaya phalAnubhUti hotI hai unakA udaya vipAkodaya kahalAtA hai| jJAtavya hai ki vipAkodaya meM pradezodaya anivArya rUpa se hotA hai, lekina pradezodaya meM vipAkodaya ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| 7. udIraNA -- apane niyatakAla se pUrva hI pUrvabaddha karmoM ko prayAsapUrvaka udaya meM lAkara unake phaloM ko bhoganA, udIraNA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jisa karmaprakRti kA udaya yA bhoga cala rahA ho, usakI sajAtIya karmaprakRti kI hI udIraNA sambhava hotI hai| 8. upazamana -- udaya meM A rahe karmoM ke phala dene kI zakti ko kucha samaya ke lie dabA denA athavA kAla-vizeSa ke lie unheM phala dene se akSama banA denA upazamana hai| upazamana meM karma kI
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________________ prA. sAgaragarala jana IU sattA samApta nahIM hotI, mAtra use kAla vizeSa ke lie phala dene meM akSama banA diyA jAtA hai| isameM karma rAkha se dabI agni ke samAna niSkriya hokara sattA meM bane rahate haiN| 9. nidhati -- karma kI vaha avasthA nidhatti hai, jisameM karma na to apane avAntara bhedoM meM rUpAntarita yA saMkramita ho sakate haiM aura na apanA phala pradAna kara sakate haiM, lekina karmoM kI samaya-maryAdA aura vipAka-tIvratA (parimANa) ko kama adhika kiyA jA sakatA hai arthAt isa avasthA meM utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa sambhava hai, saMkramaNa nhiiN| 10. nikAdhanA -- karmoM ke bandhana kA itanA pragAr3ha honA ki unakI kAla-maryAdA evaM tIvratA meM koI bhI parivartana na kiyA jA sake, na samaya se pUrva unakA bhoga hI kiyA jA sake, nikAcanA kahalAtA hai| isa dazA meM karma kA jisa rUpa meM bandhana huA hotA hai, usako usI rUpa meM anivAryatayA bhoganA par3atA hai| isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karma ke phala vipAka kI niyatatA aura aniyatatA ko samyak prakAra se samanvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaise-jaise AtmA kaSAyoM se mukta hokara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM bar3hatA hai, vaha karma ke phala vipAka kI niyatatA ko samApta karane meM sakSama hotA jAtA hai| karma kitanA balavAna hogA yaha bAta mAtra karma ke bala para nirbhara nahIM hai, apitu AtmA kI pavitratA para bhI nirbhara hai| ina avasthAoM kA citraNa yaha bhI batAtA hai ki karmoM kA vipAka yA udaya eka alaga sthiti hai tathA unase navIna karmoM kA bandha honA yA na honA yaha eka alaga sthiti hai| kaSAya-yukta pramatta AtmA karmoM ke udaya meM navIna karmoM kA bandha karatA hai, isake viparIta kaSAya-mukta apramatta AtmA karmoM ke vipAka meM navIna karmoM kA bandha nahIM karatA hai, mAtra pUrvabaddha karmoM ko nirjarita karatA hai| karma kA zubhatva aura azubhatva25 karmoM ko sAmAnyatayA zuddha (akarma), zubha aura azubha, aise tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se inheM nimna tAlikA se sapaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai :karma jaina bauddha gItA pAzcAtya 1. zuddha IryApathika avyaktakarma anaitika karma 2. zubha puNyakarma kuzala( zukla)karma karma naitika karma 3. azubha pApa karma akuzalA kRSNa karma vikarma anaitika karma jaina darzana meM karma ke bandhaka hone ke AdhAra para mukhya rUpa se do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM -- 1. IryApathika aura 2 saampraayik| inameM sAmparAyika karma ko punaH do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai -- (a) azubha (pApa) aura (ba) zubha (punny)| Age hama isI sandarbha meM carcA kreNge| azubha yA pApa karma akarma
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________________ 107 jana kamAsadvAntaH ekaviralapaNa jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai ki -- vaiyaktika sandarbha meM jo AtmA ko bandhana meM DAleM jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kare aura AtmazaktiyoM kA kSaya kare, vaha pApa hai| sAmAjika sandarbha meM jo parapIr3A yA dUsaroM ke duHkha kA kAraNa hai, vaha pApa hai (pApAya prpiiddnN)| vastutaH jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisase aniSTa phala kI prApti ho vaha pApa hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se ve sabhI karma jo svArtha, ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane kI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM, pApa karma haiN| itanA hI nahIM, sabhI prakAra ke durvicAra aura durbhAvanAe~ bhI pApa karma haiN| pApa yA akuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pApa karma 18 prakAra ke haiM -- 1. prANAtipAta (hiMsA), 2. mRSAvAda (asatya bhASaNa) 3. adattAdAna (caurya karma), 4. maithuna (kAma-vikAra), 5. parigraha (mamatva, mUrkhA, tRSNA yA saMcayavRtti), 6. krodha (gussA), 7. mAna (ahaMkAra), 8. mAyA (kapaTa, chala, SaDyantra aura kUTanIti), 9. lobha (saMcaya yA saMgraha kI vRtti), 10. rAga (Asakti), dveSa (ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA Adi), 11. kleza (saMgharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A Adi), 12. abhyAkhyAna (doSAropaNa), 13. pizunatA (cugalI), 14. paraparivAda (paranindA), 15. rati-arati (harSa aura zoka), 16. mAyA-mRSA (kapaTa sahita asatya bhASaNa ), 17. mithyAdarzanazalya (ayathArtha jiivndRsstti)|27 puNya (kuzala karma) puNya vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM bhautika stara para samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai| mana, zarIra aura bAhaya pariveza meM santulana banAnA yaha puNya kA kArya hai| puNya kyA hai isakI vyAkhyA meM tattvArthasUtrakAra kahate haiM -- zubhAsava puNya hai, lekina puNya mAtra Asava nahIM hai, vaha bandha aura vipAka bhI hai| vaha heya hI nahIM hai, upAdeya bhI hai| ataH aneka AcAryoM ne usakI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI hai| AcArya hemacandra puNya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki-- puNya (azubha) karmoM kA lAyava hai aura zubha karmoM kA udaya hai| isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi meM puNya azubha (pApa) karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta prazasta avasthA kA ghotaka hai| puNya ke nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA AcArya abhayadeva kI sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM milatI hai| AcArya abhayadeva kahate haiM ki puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora le jAtA hai|30 AcArya kI dRSTi meM puNya AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka tattva hai| muni suzIla kumAra likhate haiM ki-- "puNya mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke lie anukUla vAyu hai, jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIghra pAra karA detI hai|1 jaina kavi banArasIdAsa jI samayasAra nATaka meM kahate haiM ki-- "jisase bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho, jisase AtmA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hatA hai aura jisase isa
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________________ xt. sAgara | IUO saMsAra meM bhautika samRddhi aura sukha milatA hai, vahI puNya hai|"32 jaina tattvajJAna ke anusAra, puNya-karma ve zubha pudgala-paramANu haiM, jo zubhavRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita ho bandha karate haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha adhyavasAyoM, zubha vicAroM evaM kriyAoM kI ora prerita karate haiM tathA AdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM bhautika anukUlatAoM ke saMyoga prastuta kara dete haiN| AtmA kI ve manodazAe~ evaM kriyAe~ bhI puNya kahalAtI haiM jo zubha pudgala paramANu ko AkarSita karatI haiN| sAtha hI dUsarI ora ve pudgala-paramANu jo una zubha vRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ko prerita karate haiM aura apane prabhAva se Arogya, sampatti evaM samyaka zraddhA, jJAna evaM saMyama ke avasara upasthita karate haiM, puNya kahe jAte haiN| zubha manovRttiyA~ bhAvapuNya haiM aura zubha pudgala-paramANu dravyapuNya haiN| puNya yA kuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa bhagavatIsUtra meM anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha-pravRttiyoM ko puNyopArjana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|33 sthAnAMgasUtra meM nau prakAra ke puNya nirupita hai34 -- __1. annapuNya -- bhojanAdi dekara kSudhAta kI kSudhA-nivRtti krnaa| 2. pAnapuNya -- tRSA (pyAsa) se pIr3ita vyakti ko pAnI pilaanaa| 3. layanapuNya -- nivAsa ke lie sthAna denA jaise dharmazAlAe~ Adi bnvaanaa| 4. zayanapuNya -- zayyA, bichaunA Adi denaa| 5. vastrapuNya -- vastra kA dAna denaa| 6. manapuNya -- mana se zubha vicAra krnaa| jagat ke maMgala kI zubhakAmanA krnaa| 7. vacanapuNya-- prazasta evaM saMtoSa denevAlI vANI kA prayoga krnaa| 8. kAyapuNya --rogI, duHkhita evaM pUjya janoM kI sevA krnaa| 9. namaskArapuNya -- gurujanoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ke lie unakA abhivAdana krnaa| puNya aura pApa (zubha aura azubha) kI kasauTI zubhAzubhatA yA puNya-pApa ke nirNaya ke do AdhAra ho sakate haiM -- (1) karma kA bAhya-svarUpa arthAt samAja para usakA prabhAva aura (2) kartA kA abhipraay| ina donoM meM kauna-sA AdhAra yathArtha hai, yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| gItA aura bauddha-darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA saccA AdhAra mAnA gyaa| gItA spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai ki -- jisameM kartatva bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI buddhi nirlipta hai, vaha ina saba logoM ko mAra DAleM to bhI yaha samajhanA cAhie ki usane na to kisI ko mArA hai aura na vaha usa karma se bandhana ko prApta hotA hai|35 dhammapada meM buddha-vacana bhI aisA hI hai (naiSkarmyasthiti ko prApta) brAhamaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko evaM prajAsahita rASTra ko mArakara bhI niSpApa hokara jAtA hai|36 bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI puNya-pApa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isakA pramANa sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke Adraka samvAda meM bhI milatA hai| jahA~ taka jaina mAnyatA kA prazna hai, vidvAnoM ke anusAra usameM bhI kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA
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________________ 109 jaina kasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| muni suzIlakumArajI jainadharma pR. 160 para likhate haiM, "zubha-azubha karma ke bandha kA mukhya AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI haiN| eka DaoNkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahuMcAne ke lie usakA vraNa cIratA hai| usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAye parantu DaoNkTara to pApa-karma ke bandha kA hI bhAgI hogaa| isake viparIta vahI DaoNkTara karuNA apanI zubha-bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai|" paMDita sukhalAlajI bhI yahI kahate haiM, puNya-bandha aura pApa-bandha kI kasauTI kevala UparI kriyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI kartA kA Azaya hI hai (darzana aura cintana khaNDa 2.pR.226)| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma meM bhI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI haiM, phira bhI usameM karma kA bAhya-svarUpa upekSita nahIM hai| nizcayadRSTi se to manovRttiyAM hI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kI nirNayaka haiM, phira bhI vyavahAradRSTi se karma kA bAhaya-svarUpa bhI zabhAzabhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/6) meM AdrakakumAra bauddhoM kI ekAMgI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM ki jo mAMsa khAtA ho -- cAhe na jAnate hue bhI khAtA ho -- to bhI usako pApa lagatA hI hai| hama jAnakara nahIM khAte, isalie doSa (pApa) nahIM lagatA, aisA kahanA asatya nahIM to kyA hai ? isase spaSTa hai ki jaina dRSTi meM manovRtti ke sAtha hI karmoM kA bAhya-svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| vAstava meM sAmAjika dRSTi yA loka-vyavahAra meM to yahI pramukha nirNAyaka hotA hai| sAmAjika nyAya meM to karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI usakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai, kyoMki Antarika vRtti ko vyakti svayaM jAna sakatA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| jaina dRSTi ekAMgI nahIM hai, vaha samanvayavAdI aura sApekSavAdI hai| vaha vyakti-sApekSa hokara manovRtti ko karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA nirNAyaka mAnatI hai aura samAja-sApekSa hokara karmoM ke bAhya svarUpa para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatI hai| usameM dravya (bAhya) aura bhAva (Antarika) donoM kA mUlya hai| yoga (bAhya kriyA) aura bhAva (manovRtti) donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, yadyapi usameM manovRtti zubha ho aura kriyA azubha ho, yaha sambhava nhiiN| mana meM zubha bhAva ho to pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha eka samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai ki mana meM zubha bhAva ho to pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha eka samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai ki mana meM satya ko samajhate hue bhI bAhara se dUsarI bAteM (azubhAcaraNa ) karanA kyA saMyamI puruSoM kA lakSaNa hai ? usakI dRSTi meM siddhAnta aura vyavahAra meM antara AtmapravaMcanA hai| mAnasika hetu para hI jora dene vAlI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga (1/1/24-26) meM kahA gayA hai, karma-bandhana kA satya jJAna nahIM batAne vAle isa vAda ko mAnane vAle kitane hI loga saMsAra meM phaMsate rahate haiM ki pApa lagane ke tIna sthAna haiM-- svayaM karane se, dUsare se karAne se, dUsaroM ke kArya kA anumodana karane se| parantu yadi hRdaya pApa-mukta ho to ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya mile| yaha vAda ajJAna hai, mana se pApa ko pApa samajhate hue jo doSa karatA hai, use nirdoSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha saMyama (vAsanA-nigraha) meM zithila hai| parantu bhogAsakta loga ukta bAteM mAnakara pApa meM par3e haiN|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 110 pAzcAtya AcAradarzana meM bhI sukhavAdI dArzanika karma kI phalazruti ke AdhAra para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karate haiM, jaba ki mArTinyU karmapreraka para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra ina donoM pAzcAtya vicAraNAoM meM apUrNa satya hai -- eka kA AdhAra lokadRSTi hai tathA dUsarI kA AdhAra paramArtha-dRSTi yA zuddha-dRSTi hai| eka vyAvahArika satya hai aura dUsarA pAramArthika sty| naitikatA vyavahAra se paramArtha kI ora prayANa hai, ataH usameM donoM kA hI mUlya hai| kartA ke abhiprAya ko zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra mAne, yA karma ke samAja para hone vo pariNAma ko, donoM sthitiyoM meM kisa prakAra kA karma puNya-karma yA ucita karma kahA jAyegA, isa prazna para vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya cintana meM puNya-pApa kI vicAraNA ke sandarbha meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pramukha hai| jahAM karma-akarma kA vicAra vyakti-sApekSa hai, to vaiyaktika karma-preraka yA vaiyaktika cetanA kI vizuddhatA (vItarAgatA) hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra banatI hai| lekina jaba hama puNya-pApa kA vicAra karate haiM to samAjakalyANa yA lokahita hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra hotA hai| vastutaH bhAratIya cintana meM jIvanAdarza to zubhAzubhatva kI sImA se Upara uThanA hai| usa sandarbha meM vItarAga yA anAsakta jIvanadRSTi kA nirmANa hI vyakti kA parama sAdhya mAnA gayA hai aura vahI karma ke bandhana yA abandhana kA AdhAra hai, lekina zubha aura azubha donoM meM hI rAga to hotA hI hai, rAga ke abhAva meM to karma zubhAzubha se Upara uThakara atinaitika (zuddha) hogaa| zubhAzubha karmoM meM pramukhatA rAga kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti kI nahIM, varan usakI prazastatA yA aprazastatA kI hai| prazasta-rAga zubha yA puNyabandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura aprazasta-rAga azubha yA pApabandha kA kAraNa hai| rAga kI prazastatA usameM deSa kI kamI ke AdhAra para nirbhara karatI hai| yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM, tathApi jisa rAga ke sAtha deSa kI mAtrA jitanI alpa aura manda hogI vaha rAga utanA prazasta hogA aura jisa rAga ke sAtha deSa kI mAtrA aura tIvratA jitanI adhika hogI, rAga utanA hI aprazasta hogaa| dveSavihInarAga yA prazastarAga hI niSkAma prema kahA jAtA hai| usa prema se parArtha yA paropakAravRtti kA udaya hotA hai jo zubha kA sRjana karatI hai| usI se loka-maMgalakArI pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM puNya-karma nissRta hote haiM, jabaki dveSayukta aprazasta rAga hI ghRNA ko janma dekara svArtha-vRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai| usase azubha, amaMgalakArI pApakarma nissRta hote haiN| saMkSepa meM jisa karma ke pIche prema aura parArtha hotA hai, vaha puNya karma hai aura jisa karma ke pIche ghRNA aura svArtha hotA hai, vaha pApa karma hai| jaina AcAradarzana puNya karmoM ke vargIkaraNa meM jina tathyoM para adhika jora detA hai ve sabhI samAja-sApekSa haiN| vastutaH zubha-azubha ke vargIkaraNa meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pradhAna hai| bhAratIya cintakoM kI dRSTi meM puNya aura pApa kI samagra cintana kA sAra nimna kathana meM samAyA huA hai ki 'paropakAra puNya hai aura parapIr3ana pApa hai| jaina vicArakoM ne puNya-bandha ke dAna, sevA Adi jina kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakA pramukha sambandha sAmAjika kalyANa yA loka
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________________ 111 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa maMgala se hai| isI prakAra pApa ke rUpa meM jina tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve sabhI loka amaMgalakArI tattva haiN| isa prakAra jahA~ taka zubha-azubha yA puNya-pApa ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna hai, hameM sAmAjika sandarbha meM use dekhanA hogA, yadyapi bandhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karate samaya kartA ke Azaya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| sAmAjika jIvana meM AcaraNa ke zubhatva kA AdhAra yaha satya hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA nirNaya anya prANiyoM yA samAja ke prati kiye gaye vyavahAra athavA dRSTikoNa ke sandarbha meM hotA hai, lekina anya prANiyoM ke prati hamArA kauna-sA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa zubha hogA aura kauna-sA azubha hogA isakA nirNaya kisa AdhAra para kiyA jAye ? bhAratIya cintana ne isa sandarbha meM jo kasauTI pradAna kI hai, vaha yahI hai ki jaisA vyavahAra hama apane lie pratikUla samajhate haiM vaisA AcaraNa dUsare ke prati nahIM karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA yahI zubhAcaraNa hai| isake viparIta jo vyavahAra hameM apane lie pratikUla lagatA hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM apane lie anukUla lagatA hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati nahIM karanA azubhAcaraNa hai| bhAratIya RSiyoM kA yahI saMdeza hai| saMkSepa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hI vyavahAra ke zubhatva kA pramANa hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jisa vyakti meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavata dRSTi hai, vahI naitika karmoM kA sraSTA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta prANiyoM ko jo apane samAna samajhatA hai aura jisakA sabhI ke prati samabhAva hai, vaha pApa-karma kA bandha nahIM krtaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra bhI dharma-adharma (zubhAzubhatva) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko samajhanA caahie|40 zubha aura azubha se zuddha kI ora jaina dRSTikoNa -- jaina vicAraNA meM zubha-azubha athavA maMgala-amaMgala kI vAstavikatA svIkAra kI gayI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra tattva nau haiM jinameM puNya aura pApa svatantra tattva haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne jIva, ajIva, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa ye sAta tattva ginAye haiM, inameM puNya aura pApa ko nahIM ginAyA hai|42 lekina yaha vivAda mahattvapUrNa nahIM kyoMki jo paramparA unheM svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatI hai vaha bhI unako Asava tattva ke antargata mAna letI hai| yadyapi puNya aura pApa mAtra Asava nahIM haiM, varan unakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura vipAka bhI hotA hai| ataH Asrava ke zubhAsava aura azubhAsava ye do vibhAga karane se kAma nahIM banatA, balki bandha aura vipAka meM bhI do-do bheda karane hoNge| isa kaThinAI se bacane ke lie hI pApa evaM puNya ko svataMtra tattvoM ke rUpa meM gina liyA gayA hai| phira bhI jaina vicAraNA nirvANa-mArga ke sAdhaka ke lie donoM ko heya aura tyAjya mAnatI haiM, kyoMki donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| vastutaH naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubhAzubha yA puNya-pApa se Upara uTha jAne meM hai| zubha (puNya ) aura azubha (pApa) kA bheda jaba taka banA
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 112 rahatA hai, naitika pUrNatA nahIM aatii| azubha para pUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI vyakti zubha (puNya) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha dazA meM sthita ho jAtA hai| RSibhASita sUtra meM RSi kahatA hai ki pUrvakRta puNya aura pApa saMsAra saMtati ke mUla hai| AcArya kundakunda puNya-pApa donoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahakara donoM ke bandhakatva kA antara bhI spaSTa kara dete haiN| samayasAra meM ve kahate hai ki-- azubha karma pApa ( kuzIla) aura zubha karma puNya (suzIla) kahe jAte haiM, phira bhI puNya karma evaM pApa karma donoM hI saMsAra (bandhana) kA kAraNa hai jisa prakAra svarNa kI ber3I bhI lauha-ber3I ke samAna hI vyakti ko bandhana meM rakhatI hai, usI prakAra jIvakRta sabhI zubhAzubha karma bhI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN|44 phira bhI AcArya puNya ko svarNa-ber3I kahakara usakI pApa se kiMcita zreSThatA siddha kara dete haiN| AcArya amRtacandra kA kahanA hai ki pAramArthika dRSTi se puNya aura pApa donoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki antatogattvA donoM hI bandhana haiN|45 yahI bAta paM. jayacandrajI bhI kahate haiM -- puNya pApa doU karama, bandharUpa duI maani| zuddha AtmA jina layo, namUM carana hita jAni / / jainAcAryoM ne puNya ko nirvANa kI dRSTi se heya mAnate hue bhI use nirvANa kA sahAyaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai| nirvANa prApta karane ke lie antatogattvA puNya ko tyAganA hI hotA hai, phira bhI vaha nirvANa meM ThIka usI prakAra sahAyaka haiM jaise sAbuna vastra ke maila ko sApha karane meM sahAyaka hai phira bhI use alaga karanA hotA hai, vaise hI nirvANa yA zuddhAtma-dazA meM puNya kA honA bhI anAvazyaka hai, use bhI chor3anA hotA hai| jisa prakAra sAbuna mala ko dUra karatA hai aura maila chUTane para svayaM alaga ho jAtA hai, vaise hI puNya bhI pAparUpa mala ko alaga karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| ataH vyakti jaba azubha (pApa) karma se Upara uTha jAtA hai, taba usakA zubha karma bhI zuddha karma bana jAtA hai| Trepa para pUrNa vijaya pA jAne para rAga bhI nahIM rahatA hai, ataH rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM usase jo karma nissRta hote haiM, ve zuddha (IryApathika) hote haiN| jainAcAradarzana meM rAga-dUra se rahita hokara kiyA gayA zuddha kArya hI mokSa yA nirvANa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura AsaktipUrvaka kiyA gayA zubha kArya bhI bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ para gItA kA anAsakta karma-yoga jaina darzana ke atyanta samIpa A jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kA lakSya azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubhakarma se zuddhakarma (vItarAga dazA) kI prApti hai| AtmA kA zuddhopayoga hI jaina dharma kA antima sAdhya hai| zuddha karma (akarma) zuddha karma vaha jIvana-vyavahAra hai, jisameM kriyAe~ rAga-dveSa se rahita mAtra kartavyabuddhi se sampAdita hotI haiM tathA jo AtmA ko bandhana meM nahIM ddaaltiiN| abandhaka karma hI zuddhakarma haiN| jaina AcAradarzana isa prazna para gaharAI se vicAra karatI haiM ki AcaraNa (kriyA) evaM bandhana meM kyA sambandha hai ? kyA 'karmaNA badhyate jantuH' kI ukti sarvAzataH satya hai ? eka to karma yA kriyA ke sabhI rUpa bandhana kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM hai phira yaha bhI sambhava hai ki AcaraNa evaM kriyA ke
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________________ 113. jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa Fa ote hue bhI koI bandhana nahIM ho| lekina yaha nirNaya kara pAnA ki bandhaka karma kyA hai aura bandhaka karma kyA hai, atyanta kaThina hai| gItA kahatI hai ki karma (bandhaka karma) kyA hai aura karma (abandhaka karma) kyA hai, isake viSaya meM vidvAna bhI mohita ho jAte haiN|47 karma ke yathArtha baspa ke jJAna kA viSaya atyanta gahana hai| yaha karma-samIkSA kA viSaya atyanta gahana aura kara kyoM hai, isa prazna kA uttara hameM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ke karma, kriyA yA AcaraNa samAna hone para bhI bandhana kI dRSTi se ve bhinna-bhinna prakRti ke ho sakate haiN| mAtra AcaraNa, karma yA puruSArtha ko dekhakara yaha nirNaya denA sambhava nahIM ki vaha naitika STi se kisa prakAra kA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI samAna vIratA ko dikhAte hue arthAt samAnarUpa se karma karate hue) bhI adhUre jJAnI aura sarvathA ajJAnI kA, cAhe jitanA pirAkrama (puruSArtha) ho, para vaha azuddha hai aura karma-bandha kA kAraNa hai, parantu jJAna evaM bodha sahita manuSya kA parAkrama zuddha hai aura use usakA kucha phala nahIM bhoganA pdd'taa| yogya rIti se kiyA huA tapa bhI yadi kIrti kI icchA se kiyA gayA ho to zuddha nahIM hotaa|48 bandhana kI diSTi se karma kA vicAra usake bAhya-svarupa ke AdhAra para hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usameM kartA kA prayojana kartA kA viveka evaM dezakAlagata paristhitiyA~ bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM aura karmoM kA aisA sarvAMgapUrNa vicAra karane meM vidvat varga bhI kaThinAI meM par3a jAtA hai| karma meM kartA ke prayojana ko, jo ki eka Antarika tathya hai, jAna pAnA sahaja nahIM hotaa| lekina, kartA ke lie jo ki apanI manodazA kA jJAtA bhI hai, yaha Avazyaka hai ki karma aura akarma kA yathArtha svarUpa samajheM, kyoMki usake abhAva meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai| kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM ki -- maiM tujhe karma ke usa rahasya ko batAU~gA jise jAnakara tU mukta ho jaayegaa|49 naitika vikAsa ke lie bandhaka aura abandhaka karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| bandhana kI dRSTi se karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA dRSTikoNa nimnAnusAra hai -- jaina darzana meM karma-akarma vicAra karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie usa para do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| (1) usakI bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para aura (2) usakI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra para / bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki kucha karma bandhana meM DAlate haiM, aura kucha karma bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiN| bandhaka karmoM ko karma aura abandhaka karmoM ko akarma kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM karma aura akarma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA vivecana hameM sarvaprathama AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha karma aura akarma ko vIrya (puruSArtha) kahate haiN|50 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sakriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai, jabaki dUsare vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM niSkriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai| isa sambandha meM mahAvIra apane dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate hue yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki 'karma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA evaM akarma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA kA abhAvaM aisA nahIM mAnanA caahie| ve atyanta sImita zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki pramAda karma hai.
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jana apramAda akarma hai| 51 aisA kahakara mahAvIra yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki akarma niSkrayatA vaha to satat jAgarukatA hai| apramatta avasthA yA Atma jAgRti kI dazA meM kriyAzIlatA akarma ho jAtI hai, jabaki pramatta dazA yA Atma-u - jAgRti ke abhAva meM niSkriyatA bhI (bandhana) bana jAtI hai| vastutaH kisI kriyA kA bandhakatva mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM varan usake pIche rahe hue kaSAya-bhAvoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI sthiti para nirbhara hai| jaina darzana anusAra, rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya (jo ki AtmA kI pramatta dazA haiM) hI kisI kriyA ko karma dete haiM, jabaki kaSAya evaM Asakti se rahita hokara kiyA huA karma akarma bana jAtA hai mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki - jo Asava yA bandhana kAraka kriyAe~ haiM, ve anAsakti evaM viveka se samanvita hokara mukti kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai| 52 isa prakAra vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma apane bAhya svarUpa kI apekSA kartA ke viveka aura manovRtti nirbhara hote haiM / -- IyApathika karma aura sAmparAyika karma53 114 jaina darzana meM bandhana kI dRSTi se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai (1 IryApathika kriyAe~ (akarma) aura (2) sAmprarAyika kriyAe~ (karma) / IryApathika kriyAe~ niSka vItarAgadRSTisampanna vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM, jo bandhanakAraka nahIM haiM aura sAmparAyika kiyA Asakta vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM, jo bandhanakAraka haiN| saMkSepa meM ve samasta kriyAe~ jo Asava e bandha kI kAraNa haiM, karma haiM aura ve samasta kriyAe~ jo saMvara evaM nirjarA kI hetu haiM, akarma jaina dRSTi meM akarma yA IryApathika karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa evaM moha rahita hokara karttavya athavA zarIra- nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA karma / karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa moha se yukta karma, vaha bandhana meM DAlatA hai, isalie vaha karma hai| jo kriyA vyApAra rAga hai aura moha se rahita hokara karttavya yA zarIranirvAha ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bandhana kAraNa nahIM hai, ataH akarma hai / jinheM jaina darzana meM IryApathika kriyAe~ yA akarma kahA gayA unheM bauddha paramparA anupacita, avyakta yA akRSNa- azukla karma kahatI haiM aura jinna jaina - paramparA sAmparAyika kriyAe~ yA karma kahatI haiM, unheM bauddha paramparA upacita karma yA kRSNa - zukla karma kahatI haiM / isa sambandha meM vistAra se vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| bandhana ke kAraNoM meM mithyAtva aura kaSAya kI pramukhatA kA prazna na54 -- 11 jaina karmasiddhAnta ke udbhava va vikAsa kI carcA karate hue hamaneM bandhana ke pA~ca sAmAnya kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA thaa| vaise jaina grantho meM bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke bandhana ke bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM kI vistRta carcA bhI upalabdha hotI haiM / kintu sAmAnya rUpa se bandhana ke 5 kAraNa mAneM gae haiM 1. mithyAtva 2. avirati 3. pramAda aura 4 kaSAya aura 5 yoga / -- -- ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM yoga ko arthAt mAnasika, vAcika va zArIrika kriyAoM ko bandhana ka kAraNa kahA gayA hai, kintu hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yadi pUrva ke cAra kA abhAva ho, to mAtra yoga se karma vargaNAoM kA asrAva hokara, jo bandha hogA, vaha IryApathika bandha kahalAtA hai|
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________________ 115 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai usakA prathama samaya meM bandha hotA hai aura dUsare samaya meM nirjarA ho hai| IryApathika bandha ThIka vaisA hI hai, jaise calate samaya zubhra AdratA se rahita kapar3e para hue bAlU ke kaNa, jo gati kI prakriyA meM hI Ate haiM aura phira alaga bhI ho jAte haiN| yaha bandha vAstavika bandha nahIM hai| ataH hama samajhate haiM ki ina 5 kAraNoM meM yoga vapUrNa kAraNa nahIM hai| yadyapi avirati, pramAda evaM kaSAya ko alaga-alaga kAraNa kahA gayA kintu inameM bhI bahuta antara nahIM hai| jaba hama pramAda ko vyApaka artha meM lete haiM taba kaSAyoM mantabhAva pramAda meM ho jAtA hai| dUsare kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI pramAda sambhava hotA hai| anupasthiti meM pramAda sAmAnyatayA to rahatA hI nahIM hai aura yadi rahe bhI to ati nirbala hai| isI prakAra avirati ke mUla meM bhI kaSAya hI hote haiN| yadi hama kaSAya ko vyApaka artha le to avirati aura pramAda donoM usI meM antarbhAvita ho jAte haiN| ataH bandhana ke do hI kAraNa zeSa rahate haiM -- mithyAtva aura kssaay| mithyAtva evaM kaSAya meM kauna pramukha kAraNa hai, yaha vartamAna yuga meM eka bahucarcita viSaya hai| sandarbha meM pakSa va pratipakSa meM paryApta lekha likhe gaye haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI evaM unake ka vidvat varga kA kahanA hai ki mithyAtva akiMcitakara hai aura kaSAya hI bandhana kA pramukha raNa hai, kyoMki kaSAya kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI mithyAtva hotA hai| kAnajIsvAmI samarthaka kare varga kA kahanA hai ki mithyAtva hI bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai| vastutaH yaha vivAda ne-apane ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM ke kAraNa hai| kaSAya aura mithyAtva ye donoM hI anyonyAzrita kaSAya ke abhAva meM mithyAtva kI sattA nahIM rahatI aura na mithyAtva ke abhAva meM kaSAya hI ite haiN| mithyAtva tabhI samApta hotA hai, jaba anantAnubandhI kaSAyeM samApta hote haiM aura kaSAyeM tabhI samApta hone lagate haiM, jaba mithyAtva kA prahANa hotA hai| ve tApa aura prakAza ke samAna rajIvI haiN| inameM eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI sattA kSINa hone lagatI hai| vaise mithyAtva, ajJAna moha kA paryAyavAcI hai| AvegoM arthAt kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI moha yA mithyAtva sambhava hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki moha (mithyAtva) se kaSAya utpanna hote haiM aura kaSAyoM ke bharaNa hI moha (mithyAtva) hotA hai| ataH kaSAya aura mithyAtva anyonyAzrita haiM aura bIja evaM kI bhA~ti inameM se kisI kI pUrva koTi nirdhArita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| yadi hama isI prazna para bauddha dRSTi se vicAra kareM to usameM sAmAnyatayA lobha (rAga), deSa moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI inako paraspara sApekSa hI lA gayA hai| moha ko bauddha paramparA meM avidyA bhI kahA gayA hai| bauddha vicAraNA yaha mAnatI hai avidyA (moha) ke kAraNa tRSNA (rAga) hotI hai aura tRSNA ke kAraNa moha hotA hai| cArya narendradeva likhate haiM lobha evaM dveSa kA hetu moha hai, kintu paryAya se lobha va moha bhI dera heta haiN| bauddha darzana meM bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI avidyA aura taSNA ko anyonyAzrita mAnA yA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki inameM se kisI kI bhI pUrva koTi nirdhArita karanA sambhava nahIM hai| khya evaM yoga darzana meM kleza yA bandhana ke 5 kAraNa haiM --avidyA, asmitA (ahaMkAra), rAga, abhinivesh| inameM bhI avidyA pramukha hai| zeSa cAroM usI para AdhArita hai| nyAya darzana bhI na aura bauddhoM ke samAna hI rAga-dveSa evaM moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnatA hai| isa prakAra
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________________ prA. sAgaranala jana lagabhaga sabhI darzana prakArAntara se rAga-dveSa evaM moha ( mithyAtva ) ko bandhana kA kAraNa haiM / bandhana ke cAra prakAroM se bandhanoM ke kAraNa kA sambandha 55 jaina karma siddhAnta meM bandhana ke cAra prArUpa kahe gae haiN| 3. sthiti bandha evaM 4 anubhAga bandha / 1. prakRtibandha bandhana ke svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa prakRti bandha karatA hai / yaha, yaha nizA karatA hai ki karmavargaNA ke pudgala AtmA kI jJAna, darzana Adi kisa zakti ko AvRta kareMge 2. pradeza bandha yaha karmaparamANuoM kI AtmA ke sAtha saMyojita hone vAlI mAtrA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| ataH yaha mAtrAtmaka hotA hai / -- -- 110 ---- 3. sthitibandha karmaparamANu kitane samaya taka AtmA se saMyojita rahegeM aura kaba nirjara hogeM, isa kAla - maryAdA kA nizcaya sthiti bandha karatA hai / ataH yaha bandhana kI samaya-maryAda kA sUcaka hai| 4. anubhAgabandha karmoM ke bandhana aura vipAka kI tIvratA evaM mandatA kA nizcaya karanA, anubhAga bandha kA kArya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha bandhana kI tIvratA yA gahanatA kA sUcaka hai| -- uparokta cAra prakAra ke bandhanoM meM prakRti bandha evaM pradeza bandha kA sambandha mukhyatayA arthAt kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika kriyAoM se hai, jabaki bandhana kI tIvratA (anubhAga ) samayAvadhi (sthiti) kA nizcaya karma ke pIche rahI huI kaSAya- vRtti aura mithyAtva AdhArita hotA hai| saMkSepa meM yoga kA sambandha pradeza evaM prakRti bandha se hai, jabaki kaSAya sambandha sthiti evaM anubhAga bandha se hai| / ATha prakAra ke karma aura unake bandhana ke kAraNa 56 :- 1. prakRti bandha, 2. pradeza 1 jisa rUpa meM karmaparamANu AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ke prakaTana kA avarodha karate haiM aura AtmA kA zarIra se sambandha sthApita karate haiN| unake anusAra unake vibhAga kiye jAte haiN| jainadarzana ke anusAra karma ATha prakAra ke haiM 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. AyuSya 6. nAma 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma 1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. darzanAvaraNIya 7. gotra aura 8 antarAya / -- jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko Dha~ka dete haiM, usI prakAra jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA kI jJAnazakti ko Dha~ka detI haiM aura jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka banatI haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahI jAtI haiN| -- jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bandhana ke kAraNa jina kAraNoM se jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke paramANu AmA se saMyojita hokara jJAna - zakti ko kuMThita karate haiM, ve cha: haiM / 1. pradoSa jJAnI kA avarNavAda ( nindA) karanA evaM usake avaguNa --- nikAlanA /
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________________ 117 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 2. nihanava -- jJAnI kA upakAra svIkAra na karanA athavA kisI viSaya ko jAnate hue bhI usakA apalApa krnaa| 3. antarAya -- jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka bananA, jJAnI evaM jJAna ke sAdhana pustakAdi ko naSTa krnaa| 4. mAtsarya -- vidvAnoM ke prati dveSa-buddhi rakhanA, jJAna ke sAdhana pustaka Adi meM aruci rkhnaa| 5. asAdanA -- jJAna evaM jJAnI puruSoM ke kathanoM ko svIkAra nahIM karanA, unakA samucita vinaya nahIM krnaa| 6. upaghAta -- vidvAnoM ke sAtha mithyAgraha yukta visaMvAda karanA athavA svArthavaza satya ko asatya siddha karane kA prayatna krnaa| uparyukta chaH prakAra kA anaitika AcaraNa vyakti kI jJAnazakti ke kuMThita hone kA kAraNa hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka -- vipAka kI dRSTi se jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa pA~ca rUpoM meM AtmA kI jJAna-zakti kA AvaraNa hotA hai -- (1) matijJAnAvaraNa -- aindrika evaM mAnasika jJAna-kSamatA kA abhAva, (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa -- bauddhika athavA AgamajJAna kI anupalabdhi, (3) avadhi jJAnAvaraNa -- atIndriya jJAna-kSamatA kA abhAva, (4) manaHparyAya jJAnAvaraNa -- dUsare kI mAnasika avasthAoM kA jJAna prApta kara lene kI zakti kA abhAva, (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa --- pUrNajJAna prApta karane kI kSamatA kA abhaav| kahIM-kahIM vipAka kI dRSTi se isake 10 bheda bhI batAye gaye haiM-- 1. sunane kI zakti kA abhAva, 2. sunane se prApta hone vAle jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 3. dRSTi zakti kA abhAva, 4. dRzyajJAna kI anupalabdhi, 5. gaMdhagrahaNa karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 6. gandha sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 7. svAda grahaNa karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 8. svAda sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 9. sparza-kSamatA kA abhAva aura 10. sparza sambandhI jJAna kI anuplbdhi| 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma jisa prakAra dvArapAla rAjA ke darzana meM bAdhaka hotA hai, usI prakAra jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA kI darzana-zakti meM bAdhaka hotI haiM, ve darzanAvaraNIya karma kahalAtI haiN| jJAna se pahale hone vAlA vastu-tattva kA nirvizeSa (nirvikalpa) bodha, jisameM sattA ke atirikta kisI vizeSa guNa dharma kI prApti nahIM hotI, darzana kahalAtA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke darzana-gaNa ko AvRtta karatA hai| darzanAvaraNIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa -- jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samAna hI chaH prakAra ke azubha AcaraNa ke dvArA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA bandha hotA hai -- (1) samyak dRSTi kI nindA (chidrAnveSaNa) karanA athavA usake prati akRtajJa honA, (2) mithyAtva yA asat mAnyatAoM kA pratipAdana karanA, (3) zuddha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka bananA, (4) samyakdRSTi kA
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________________ prA. sAgaramala jana 118 samucita vinaya evaM sammAna nahIM karanA, (5) samyakdRSTi para deSa karanA (6) samyakdRSTi ke sAtha mithyAgraha sahita vivAda krnaa| darzanAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka -- uparyukta azubha AcaraNa ke kAraNa AtmA kA darzana guNa nau prakAra se kuMThita ho jAtA hai -- (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNa-- netrazakti kA avaruddha ho jaanaa|| (2) acakSudarzanAvaraNa-- netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM kI sAmAnya anubhavazakti kA avaruddha ho jaanaa| (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa-- sImita atIndriya darzana kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA upasthita honaa| (4) kevala darzanAvaraNa-- paripUrNa darzana kI upalabdhi kA nahIM honaa| (5) nidrA-- sAmAnya nidraa| (6) nidrAnidrA-- gaharI nidraa| (7) pracalA-- baiThe-baiThe A jAne vAlI nidraa| (8) pracalA-pracalA-- calate-phirate bhI A jAne vAlI nidraa| (9) styAnagRddhi-- jisa nidrA meM prANI bar3e-bar3e bala-sAdhya kArya kara DAlatA hai| antima do avasthAe~ Adhunika manovijJAna ke vividha vyaktitva ke samAna mAnI jA sakatI haiN| uparyukta pA~ca prakAra kI nidrAoM ke kAraNa vyakti kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA meM avarodha utpanna ho jAtA hai| 3. vedanIya karma -- jisake kAraNa sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI saMvedanA hotI hai, use vedanIya karma kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM -- 1. sAtAvedanIya aura 2. asaataavedniiy| sukha rUpa saMvedanA kA kAraNa sAtAvedanIya aura duHkha rUpa saMvedanA kA kAraNa asAtAvedanIya karma kahalAtA hai| sAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa -- dasa prakAra kA zubhAcaraNa karane vAlA vyakti sukhada-saMvedanA rUpa sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karatA hai -- (1) pRthvI, pAnI Adi ke jIvoM para anukampA krnaa| (2) vanaspati, vRkSa, latAdi para anukampA krnaa| (3) drIndriya Adi prANiyoM para dayA krnaa| (4) paMcendriya pazuoM evaM manuSyoM para anukampA krnaa| (5) kisI ko bhI kisI prakAra se duHkha na denaa| (6) kisI bhI prANI ko cintA evaM bhaya utpanna ho aisA kArya na krnaa| (7) kisI bhI prANI ko zokAkula nahIM bnaanaa| (8) kisI bhI prANI ko rUdana nahIM kraanaa| (9) kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM mAranA aura (10) kisI bhI prANI ko pratAr3ita nahIM krnaa| karmagranthoM meM sAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhana kA kAraNa gurubhakti, kSamA, karuNA, vratapAlana, yoga-sAdhanA, kaSAyavijaya, dAna aura dRr3hazraddhA mAnA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra kA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai| sAtAvedanIya karma kA vipAka-- uparyukta zubhAcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa prANI nimna prakAra kI sukhada saMvedanA prApta karatA hai -- (1) manohara, karNapriya, sukhada svara zravaNa karane ko milate haiM, (2) susvAdu bhojana-pAnAdi upalabdha hotI hai, (3) vAMchita sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai, (4) zubha vacana, prazaMsAdi sunane kA avasara prApta hotA hai, (5) zArIrika sukha milatA hai| asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa--jina azabha AcaraNoM ke kAraNa prANI ko duHkhada saMvedanA prApta hotI hai| ve 12 prakAra ke haiM -- (1) kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha denA, (2) cintita banAnA, (3) zokAkula banAnA, (4) rUlAnA, (5) mAranA aura (6) pratAr3ita karanA, ina chaH kriyAoM
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________________ 119 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa kI mandatA aura tIvratA ke AdhAra para inake bAraha prakAra ho jAte haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra-- (1) duHkha (2) zoka (3) tApa (4) Akrandana (5) vadha aura (6) paridevana ye chaH asAtAvedanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa haiM, jo 'sva' aura 'para' kI apekSA se 12 prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| sva evaM para kI apekSA para AdhArita tattvArthasUtra kA yaha dRSTikoNa adhika saMgata hai| karmagrantha meM sAtAvedanIya ke bandha ke kAraNoM ke viparIta guru kA avinaya, akSamA, krUratA, avirati, yogAbhyAsa nahIM karanA, kaSAyayukta honA, tathA dAna evaM zraddhA kA abhAva asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| ina kriyAoM ke vipAka ke rUpa meM ATha prakAra kI duHkhada saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI haiM -- (1) karNa-kaTu, karkaza svara sunane ko prApta hote haiM (2) amanojJa evaM saundaryavihIna rUpa dekhane ko prApta hotA hai, (3) amanojJa gandhoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, (4) svAdavihIna bhojanAdi milatA hai, (5) amanojJa, kaThora evaM duHkhada saMvedanA utpanna karane vAle sparza kI prApti hotI hai, (6) amanojJa mAnasika anubhUtiyoM kA honA, (7) nindA apamAnajanaka vacana sunane ko milate haiM aura (8) zarIra meM vividha rogoM kI utpatti se zarIra ko duHkhada saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI hai| 4. mohanIya karma jaise madirA Adi nazIlI vastu ke sevana se viveka-zakti kuMThita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jina karma-paramANuoM se AtmA kI viveka-zakti kuMThita hotI hai aura anaitika AcaraNa meM pravRtti hotI hai, unheM mohanIya (vimohita karane vAle) karma kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM-- darzanamoha aura caaritrmoh| mohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa-- sAmAnyatayA mohanIya karma kA bandha chaH kAraNoM se hotA hai-- (1) krodha, (2) ahaMkAra, (3) kapaTa, (4) lobha, (5) azubhAcaraNa aura (6) vivekAbhAva (vimuuddhtaa)| prathama pA~ca se cAritramoha kA aura antima se darzanamoha kA bandha hotA hai| karmagrantha meM darzanamoha aura cAritramoha ke bandhana ke kAraNa alaga-alaga batAye gaye haiN| darzanamoha ke kAraNa haiM-- unmArga dezanA, sanmArga kA apalApa, dhArmika sampatti kA apaharaNa aura tIrthakara, muni, caitya (jina-pratimAe~) aura dharma-saMgha ke pratikUla aacrnn| cAritramoha karma ke bandhana ke kAraNoM meM kaSAya, hAsya Adi tathA viSayoM ke adhIna honA pramukha haiN| tattvArtha-sUtra meM sarvajJa, zruta, saMgha, dharma aura deva ke avarNavAda (nindA) ko darzanamoha kA tathA kaSAyajanita Atma-pariNAma ko cAritramoha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM tIvratama mohakarma ke bandhana ke tIsa kAraNa batAye gaye haiM -- (1) jo kisI trasa prANI ko pAnI meM DubAkara mAratA hai| (2) jo kisI trasa prANI ko tIvra azubha adhyavasAya se mastaka ko gIlA camar3A bAMdhakara mAratA hai| (3) jo kisI trasa prANI ko mu~ha bA~dha kara mAratA hai| (4) jo kisI trasa prANI ko agni ke dhue~ se mAratA hai| (5) jo kisI trasa prANI ke mastaka kA chedana karake mAratA hai| (6) jo kisI trasa prANI ko chala se mArakara ha~satA hai| (7) jo mAyAcAra karake tathA asatya bolakara apanA anAcAra chipAtA hai| (8) jo apane durAcAra ko chipAkara dUsare para kalaMka lagAtA hai| (9) jo kalaha baDhAne ke lie jAnatA huA mizra bhASA
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________________ prA. sAgaramala na 120 bolatA hai| (10) jo pati-patnI meM matabheda paidA karatA hai tathA unheM mArmika vacanoM se jheMpA detA hai| (11) jo strI meM Asakta vyakti apane-Apako kuMvArA kahatA hai| (12) jo atyanta kAmuka vyakti apane Apa ko brahmacArI kahatA hai| (13) jo cApalUsI karake apane svAmI ko ThagatA hai| (14) jo jinakI kRpA se samRddha banA hai, IrSyA se unake hI kAryoM meM vighna DAlatA hai| (15) jo pramukha puruSa kI hatyA karatA hai| (16) jo saMyamI ko pathabhraSTa karatA hai| (17) jo apane upakArI kI hatyA karatA hai| (18) jo prasiddha puruSa kI hatyA karatA hai| (19) jo mahAn puruSoM kI nindA karatA hai| (20) jo nyAyamArga kI nindA karatA hai| (21) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kI nindA karatA hai| ( 22 ) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kA avinaya karatA hai| (23) jo abahuzruta hote hue bhI apane-Apako bahuzruta kahatA hai| (24) jo tapasvI na hote hue bhI apane-Apako tapasvI kahatA hai| ( 25 ) jo asvastha AcArya Adi kI sevA nahIM krtaa| (26) jo AcArya Adi kuzAstra kA prarUpaNa karate haiN| (27) jo AcArya Adi apanI prazaMsA ke lie maMtrAdi kA prayoga karate haiN| (28) jo ihaloka aura paraloka meM bhogopabhoga pAne kI abhilASA karatA hai| (29) jo devatAoM kI nindA karatA hai yA karavAtA hai| (30) jo asarvajJa hote hue bhI apane Apako sarvajJa kahatA hai| (a) darzana-moha -- jaina-darzana meM darzana zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta huA hai-- (1) pratyakSIkaraNa, (2) dRSTikoNa aura (3) shrddhaa| prathama artha kA sambandha darzanAvaraNIya karma se hai, jabaki dUsare aura tIsare artha kA sambandha mohanIya karma se hai| darzana-moha ke kAraNa prANI meM samyak dRSTikoNa kA abhAva hotA hai aura vaha mithyA dhAraNAoM evaM vicAroM kA zikAra rahatA hai, usakI vivekabuddhi asaMtulita hotI hai| darzanamoha tIna prakAra kA hai-- (1) mithyAtva moha-- jisake kAraNa prANI asatya ko satya tathA satya ko asatya samajhatA hai| zubha ko azubha aura azubha ko zubha mAnanA mithyAtva moha hai| (2) samyaka-mithyAtva moha-- satya evaM asatya tathA zubha evaM azubha ke sambandha meM anizcayAtmakatA aura (3) samyaktva moha-- kSAyika samyaktva kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka samyaktva moha hai arthAt dRSTikoNa kI AMzika vishuddhtaa| (ba) cAritra-moha -- cAritra-moha ke kAraNa prANI kA AcaraNa azubha hotA hai| cAritra-mohajanita azubhAcaraNa 25 prakAra kA hai -- (1) prabalatama krodha, (2) prabalatama mAna, (3) prabalatama mAyA (kapaTa), (4) prabalatama lobha, (5) ati krodha, (6) ati mAna, (7) ati mAyA (kapaTa), (8) ati lobha, (9) sAdhAraNa krodha, (10) sAdhAraNa mAna, (11) sAdhAraNa mAyA (kapaTa ) (12) sAdhAraNa lobha, (13) alpa krodha, (14) alpa mAna, (15) alpa mAyA (kapaTa) aura (16) alpa lobha -- ye solaha kaSAya haiN| uparyukta kaSAyoM ko uttejita karane vAlI nau manovRttiyA~ (upakaSAya) haiM -- (1) hAsya, (2) rati (sneha, rAga), (3) arati (dveSa) (4) zoka, (5) bhaya, (6) jugupsA (ghRNA), (7) strIveda (puruSa-sahavAsa kI icchA), (8) puruSaveda (strI-sahavAsa kI icchA), (9) napuMsakaveda (strI-puruSa donoM ke sahavAsa kI icchaa)| mohanIya karma vivekAbhAva hai aura usI vivekAbhAva ke kAraNa azubha kI ora pravRtti kI
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________________ 121 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa ruci hotI hai| anya paramparAoM meM jo sthAna avidyA kA hai, vahI sthAna jaina paramparA meM mohanIya karma kA hai| jisa prakAra anya paramparAoM meM bandhana kA mUla kAraNa avidyA hai, usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mohanIya karma / mohanIya karma kA kSayopazama hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA AdhAra hai| 5. AyuSya karma jisa prakAra beDI svAdhInatA meM bAdhaka hai, usI prakAra jo karma paramANu AtmA ko vibhinna zarIroM meM niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhate haiM, unheM AyuSya karma kahate haiN| yaha karma nizcaya karatA hai ki AtmA ko kisa zarIra meM kitanI samayAvadhi taka rahanA hai| AyuSya karma cAra prakAra kA hai-- (1) naraka Ayu, (2) tiryaMca Ayu (vAnaspatika evaM pazu jIvana) (3) manuSya Ayu aura (4) deva aayu| AyuSya-karma ke bandha ke kAraNa -- sabhI prakAra ke AyuSya-karma ke bandha kA kAraNa zIla aura vrata se rahita honA mAnA gayA hai| phira bhI kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa se kisa prakAra kA jIvana milatA hai, usakA nirdeza bhI jaina AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM pratyeka prakAra ke AyuSya-karma ke bandha ke cAra-cAra kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| (a) nArakIya jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa -- (1) mahArambha (bhayAnaka hiMsaka karma), (2) mahAparigraha (atyadhika saMcaya vRtti), (3) manuSya, pazu Adi kA vadha karanA, (4) mAMsAhAra aura zarAba Adi nazIle padArthoM kA sevn| (ba) pAzavika jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa -- (1) kapaTa karanA (2) rahasyapUrNa kapaTa karanA (3) asatya bhASaNa (4) kama-jyAdA tola-mApa krnaa| karma-grantha meM pratiSThA kama hone ke bhaya se pApa kA prakaTa na karanA bhI tiryaMca Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM mAyA (kapaTa) ko hI pazuyoni kA kAraNa batAyA hai| (sa) mAnava jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa -- (1) saralatA, (2) vinayazIlatA, (3) karaNA aura (4) ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahita honaa| tattvArthasUtra meM -- (1) alpa Arambha, (2) alpa parigraha, (3) svabhAva kI saralatA aura (4) svabhAva kI mRdutA ko manuSya Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| (da) daivIya jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa -- (1) sarAga (sakAma) saMyama kA pAlana, (2) saMyama kA AMzika pAlana, (3) sakAma-tapasyA (bAla-tapa) (4) svAbhAvika rupa meM karmoM ke nirjarita hone se| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI yahI kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| karmagrantha ke anusAra avirata samyakdRSTi manuSya yA tiryaMca, dezavirata zrAvaka, sarAgI-sAdhu, bAla-tapasvI aura icchA nahIM hote hue bhI paristhiti vaza bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko sahana karate hue akAma-nirjarA karane vAle vyakti devAyu kA bandha karate haiN| AkasmikamaraNa -- prANI apane jIvanakAla meM pratyeka kSaNa Ayu karma ko bhoga rahA hai aura
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina (1) pratyeka kSaNa meM Ayu karma ke paramANu bhoga ke pazcAt pRthak hote rahate haiM / jisa samaya vartamAna Ayukarma ke pUrvabaddha samasta paramANu AtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM usa samaya prANI ko vartamAna zarIra chor3anA par3atA hai| vartamAna zarIra chor3ane ke pUrva hI navIna zarIra ke Ayukarma kA bandha ho jAtA hai| lekina yadi AyuSya kA bhoga isa prakAra niyata hai to AkasmikamaraNa kI vyAkhyA kyA ? isake pratyuttara meM jaina- vicArako ne Ayukarma kA bhoga do prakAra kA mAnA kramika (2) Akasmika / kramika bhoga meM svAbhAvika rUpa se Ayu kA bhoga dhIre-dhIre hotA rahatA hai, jabaki Akasmika bhoga meM kisI kAraNa ke upasthita ho jAne para Ayu eka sAtha hI bhoga lI jAtI hai| ise hI AkasmikamaraNa yA akAla mRtyu kahate haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra meM isake sAta kAraNa batAye gaye haiM (1) harSa - zoka kA atireka, (2) viSa athavA zastra kA prayoga, ( 3 ) AhAra kI atyadhikatA athavA sarvathA abhAva ( 4 ) vyAdhijanita tIvra vedanA, ( 5 ) AghAta (6) sarpadaMzAdi aura ( 7 ) zvAsanirodha / 6. nAma karma 122. I jisa prakAra citrakAra vibhinna raMgoM se aneka prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAma-karma vibhinna karma paramANuoM se jagat ke prANiyoM ke zarIra kI racanA karatA hai manovijJAna kI bhASA meM nAma-karma ko vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka tattva kaha sakate haiN| jaina-darzana meM vyaktitva ke nirdhAraka tattvoM ko nAmakarma kI prakRti ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 103 mAnI gaI hai lekina vistArabhaya se unakA varNana sambhava nahIM hai| uparyukta sAre vargIkaraNa kA saMkSipta rUpa hai 1. zubhanAmakarma ( acchA vyaktitva ) aura 2 azubhanAmakarma (burA vyaktitva ) / prANI jagat meM, jo Azcaryajanaka vaicitrya dikhAI detA hai, usakA AdhAra nAmakarma hai / ---- -- ---- zubhanAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa jainAgamoM meM acche vyaktitva kI upalabdhi ke cAra kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| 1. zarIra kI saralatA, 2. vANI kI saralatA, 3. mana yA vicAroM kI saralatA, 4. ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahita honA yA sAmaMjasyapUrNa jIvana / zubhanAmakarma kA vipAka uparyukta cAra prakAra ke zubhAcaraNa se prApta zubha vyaktitva kA vipAka 14 prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai (1) adhikArapUrNa prabhAvaka vANI ( iSTa- zabda ) ( 2 ) sundara sugaThita zarIra (iSTa-rUpa) ( 3 ) zarIra se niHsRta hone vAle maloM meM bhI sugaMdhi ( iSTa-gaMdha) ( 4 ) jaivIya - rasoM kI samucitatA ( iSTa-rasa ) ( 5 ) tvacA kA sukomala honA (iSTa-sparza) ( 6 ) acapala yogya gati (iSTa- gati) (7) aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para honA (iSTaTa-sthiti) ( 8 ) lAvaNya ( 9 ) yazaH kIrti kA prasAra (iSTa-yazaH kIrti ) ( 10 ) yogya zArIrika zakti (iSTa- utthAna, karma, balavIrya, puruSArtha aura parAkrama ) ( 11 ) logoM ko rUcikara lage aisA svara
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 123 30 (12) kAnta svara (13) priya svara aura (14) manojJa svr| azubha nAma karma ke kAraNa -- nimna cAra prakAra ke azubhAcaraNa se vyakti (prANI) ko azubha vyaktitva kI upalabdhi hotI hai -- (1) zarIra kI vakratA, (2) vacana kI vakratA (3) mana kI vakratA aura (4) ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya vRtti yA asAmaMjasya pUrNa jiivn| azubhanAma karma kA vipAka -- 1. aprabhAvaka vANI ( aniSTa-zabda), 2. asundara zarIra (aniSTa-sparza), 3. zArIrika maloM kA durgandhayukta honA (aniSTa-gaMdha), 4. jaivIyarasoM kI asamucitatA (aniSTarasa), 5. apriya sparza, 6. aniSTa gati, 7. aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para na honA (aniSTa sthiti), 8. saundarya kA abhAva, 9. apayaza, 10. puruSArtha karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 11. hIna svara, 12. dIna svara, 13. apriya svara aura 14 akAnta svr| 7. gotra karma ___jisake kAraNa vyakti pratiSThita aura apratiSThita kuloM meM janma letA hai, vaha gotra karma hai| yaha do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai -- 1. ucca gotra (pratiSThita kula) aura 2. nIca gotra (apratiSThita kula ) / kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa ke kAraNa prANI kA apratiSThita kula meM janma hotA hai aura kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa se prANI kA pratiSThita kula meM janma hotA hai, isa para jainAcAra-darzana meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ahaMkAravRtti hI isakA pramukha kAraNa mAnI gaI hai|| ucca-gotra evaM nIca-gotra ke karma-bandha ke kAraNa -- nimna ATha bAtoM kA ahaMkAra na karane vAlA vyakti bhaviSya meM pratiSThita kula meM janma letA hai -- 1. jAti, 2. kula, 3. bala (zArIrika zakti), 4. rUpa ( saundarya), 5. tapasyA (sAdhanA), 6. jJAna (zruta), 7. lAbha (upalabdhiyA~) aura 8. svAmitva (adhikAra ) / isake viparIta jo vyakti uparyukta ATha prakAra kA ahaMkAra karatA hai, vaha nIca kula meM janma letA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra bhI ahaMkAra rahita guNagrAhI dRSTi vAlA, adhyayana-adhyApana meM ruci rakhane vAlA tathA bhakta ucca-gotra ko prApta karatA hai| isake viparIta AcaraNa karane vAlA nIca-gotra ko prApta karatA hai| tattvArthasatra ke anusAra para-nindA, AtmaprazaMsA, dUsaroM ke sadguNoM kA AcchAdana aura asadguNoM kA prakAzana ye nIca gotra ke bandha ke hetu haiN| isake viparIta para-prazaMsA, Atma-nindA, sadguNoM kA prakAzana, asadguNoM kA gopana aura namravRtti evaM nirabhimAnatA ye ucca-gotra ke bandha ke hetu haiN| gotra-karma kA vipAka -- vipAka (phala) dRSTi se vicAra karate hue yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jo vyakti ahaMkAra nahIM karatA, vaha pratiSThita kula meM janma lekara nimnokta ATha kSamatAoM se yukta hotA hai -- 1. niSkalaMka mAta-pakSa (jAti), 2. pratiSThita pitR-pakSa (kula), 3. sabala zarIra, 4. saundaryayukta zarIra, 5. ucca sAdhanA evaM tapa-zakti, 6. tIvra buddhi evaM vipulajJAna rAzi para adhikAra, 7. lAbha evaM vividha upalabdhiyA~ aura 8. adhikAra, svAmitva evaM aizvarya kI praapti| lekina ahaMkArI vyaktitva uparyukta samagra kSamatAoM se athavA inameM se kinhIM vizeSa kSamatAoM se vaMcita rahatA hai|
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________________ prA. sAgaramala jana 3. 8. antarAya karma abhISTa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA pahu~cAne vAle kAraNa ko antarAya karma kahate haiM / yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai- 1. dAnAntarAya 2. lAbhAntarAya 4. 5. 124 ---- dAna kI icchA hone para bhI dAna nahIM kiyA jA sake, koI prApti hone vAlI ho lekina kisI kAraNa se usameM bAdhA A jAnA, bhogAntarAya bhoga meM bAdhA upasthita honA jaise vyakti sampanna ho, bhojanagRha meM acchA susvAdu bhojana bhI banA ho lekina asvasthatA ke kAraNa use mAtra khicar3I hI khAnI par3e, upabhogAntarAya upabhoga kI sAmagrI ke hone para bhI upabhoga karane meM asamarthatA, vIryAntarAya zakti ke hone para bhI puruSArtha meM usakA upayoga nahIM kiyA jA sakanA / (tattvArthasUtra, 8. 14 ) -- 31 jaina nIti- darzana ke anusAra jo vyakti kisI bhI vyakti ke dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhogazakti ke upayoga meM bAdhaka banatA hai, vaha bhI apanI upalabdha sAmagrI evaM zaktiyoM kA samucita upayoga nahIM kara pAtA hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI dAna dene vAle vyakti ko dAna prApta karane vAlI saMsthA ke bAre meM galata sUcanA dekara yA anya prakAra se dAna dene se roka detA hai athavA kisI bhojana karate hue vyakti ko bhojana para se uThA detA hai, to usakI upalabdhiyoM meM bhI bAdhA upasthita hotI hai athavA bhoga-sAmagrI ke hone para bhI vaha usake bhoga se vaMcita rahatA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra jina-pUjA Adi dharma - kAryoM meM vighna utpanna karane vAlA aura hiMsA meM tatpara vyakti bhI antarAya karma kA saMcaya karatA hai / tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra bhI vighna yA bAdhA DAlanA hI antarAya-karma ke bandha kA kAraNa hai| 1 ghAtI aura aghAtI karma ina cAra I karmoM ke isa vargIkaraNa meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM ko 'ghAtI' aura nAma, gotra, AyuSya aura vedanIya ina cAra karmoM ko 'aghAtI' mAnA jAtA hai / ghAta karma AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, sukha aura zakti nAmaka guNoM kA AvaraNa karate haiM / ye karma AtmA kI svabhAvadazA ko vikRta karate haiM, ataH jIvana-mukti meM bAdhaka hote haiM / ina ghAtI karmoM meM avidyA rUpa mohanIya karma hI AtmasvarUpa kI AvaraNa- kSamatA, tIvratA aura sthitikAla kI dRSTi se pramukha haiN| vastutaH mohakarma hI eka aisA karma - saMskAra hai, jisake kAraNa karma-bandha kA pravAha satat banA rahatA hai / mohanIya karma usa bIja ke samAna hai, jisameM aMkuraNa kI zakti hai / jisa prakAra ugane yogya bIja havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se apanI paramparA ko bar3hAtA rahatA hai, usI prakAra mohanIya rUpI karma - bIja, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya rUpa havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se karma-paramparA ko satat banAye rakhatA hai| mohanIya karma hI janma-maraNa, saMsAra yA bandhana kA mUla hai, zeSa ghAtI karma usake sahayogI mAtra haiN| ise ---- --
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________________ 125 jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa karmoM kA senApati kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra senApati ke parAjita hone para sArI senA hataprabha ho zIghra hI parAjita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra moha karma para vijaya prApta kara lene para zeSa sAre karmoM ko AsAnI se parAjita kara AtmazuddhatA kI upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| jaise hI moha naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa kA pardA haTa jAtA hai, antarAya yA bAdhakatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vyakti (AtmA) jIvana-mukta bana jAtA hai| aghAtI karma ve haiM jo AtmA ke svabhAva dazA kI upalabdhi aura vikAsa meM bAdhaka nahIM hote| aghAtI karma bhune hue bIja ke samAna haiM, jinameM navIna karmoM kI utpAdana-kSamatA nahIM hotii| ve karma-paramparA kA pravAha banAye rakhane meM asamartha hote haiM aura samaya kI paripakvatA ke sAtha hI apanA phala dekara sahaja hI alaga ho jAte haiN| sarvaghAtI aura dezaghAtI karma-prakatiyA~ -- AtmA ke sva-lakSaNoM kA AvaraNa karane vAle ghAtI karmoM kI 45 karma-prakRtiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI haiM -- 1. sarvaghAtI aura 2. deshghaatii| sarvaghAtI karma prakRti kisI AtmaguNa ko pUrNatayA Avarita karatI hai aura dezaghAtI karma-prakRti usake eka aMza ko Avarita karatI hai| __ AtmA ke svAbhAvika satyAnubhUti nAmaka guNa ko mithyAtva (azuddha dRSTikoNa ) sarvarUpeNa AcchAdita kara detA hai| anantajJAna (kevalajJAna) aura anantadarzana (kevaladarzana) nAmaka AtmA ke guNoM kA AvaraNa bhI pUrNa rUpa se hotA hai| pA~coM prakAra kI nidrAe~ bhI AtmA kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA ko pUrNatayA Avarita karatI haiN| isI prakAra cAroM kaSAyoM ke pahale tInoM prakAra, jo ki saMkhyA meM 12 hote haiM, bhI pUrNatayA bAdhaka banate haiN| anantAnubandhI kaSAya samyaktva kA, pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya dezavratI cAritra (gRhastha dharma) kA aura pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya sarvavratI cAritra ( munidharma) kA pUrNatayA bAdhaka banatA hai| ataH ye 20 prakAra kI karmaprakRtiyA~ sarvaghAtI kahI jAtI haiN| zeSa jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI 4, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 3, mohanIya karma kI 13, antarAya karma kI 5, kula 25 karmaprakRtiyA~ dezaghAtI kahI jAtI haiN| sarvaghAta kA artha mAtra ina guNoM ke pUrNa prakaTana ko rokanA hai, na ki ina guNoM kA anstitv| kyoMki jJAnAdi guNoM ke pUrNa abhAva kI sthiti meM Atma-tattva aura jar3a-tattva meM antara hI nahIM rhegaa| karma to AtmaguNoM ke prakaTana meM bAdhaka tattva haiM, ve AtmaguNoM ko vinaSTa nahIM kara skte| nandisUtra meM to kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko cAhe kitanA hI Avarita kyoM na kara leM, phira bhI vaha na to usakI prakAza-kSamatA ko naSTa kara sakatA hai aura na usake prakAza ke prakaTana ko pUrNatayA roka sakatA hai| usI prakAra cAhe karma jJAnAdi AtmaguNoM ko kitanA hI AvRta kyoM na kara le, phira bhI unakA eka aMza hamezA hI anAvRta rahatA hai| karma bandhana se mukti jaina karmasiddhAnta kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka karma apanA vipAka yA phala dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| isa vipAka kI avasthA meM yadi AtmA rAga-dveSa athavA moha se abhibhUta hotA hai, to vaha punaH naye karma kA saMcaya kara letA hai| isa prakAra yaha paramparA satat rUpa se
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________________ prA. sAgaramala jana 126 calatI rahatI hai| vyakti ke adhikAra kSetra meM yaha nahIM hai ki vaha karma ke vipAka ke pariNAma svarUpa hone vAlI anubhUti se iMkAra kara de| ataH yaha eka kaThina samasyA hai ki karma ke bandhana va vipAka kI isa prakriyA se mukti kaise ho, yadi karma ke vipAka ke phalasvarUpa hamAre andara krodhAdi kaSAya bhAva athavA kAmAdi bhoga bhAva utpanna honA hI hai to phira svAbhAvika rUpa se prazna uThatA hai ki hama vimukti, kI dizA meM Age kaise bar3heM ? isa hetu jaina AcAryoM ne do upAyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai-- (1) saMvara aura (2) nirjraa| saMvara kA tAtparya hai ki vipAka kI sthiti meM pratikriyA se rahita rahakara navIna karmAsava evaM bandha ko nahIM hone denA aura nirjarA kA tAtparya hai pUrva karmoM ke vipAka kI samabhAva pUrvaka anubhUti karate hue unheM nirjarita kara denA yA phira tapa sAdhanA dvArA pUrvabaddha aniyata vipAkI karmoM ko samaya se pUrva unake vipAka ko pradezodaya ke mAdhyama se nirjarita krnaa| yaha satya hai ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ke vipAkodaya kI sthiti meM krodhAdi Avega apanI abhivyakti ke hetu cetanA ke stara para Ate haiM, kintu yadi AtmA usa samaya apane ko rAga-dveSa se Upara uThAkara sAkSIbhAva meM sthita rakheM aura una udaya meM A rahe krodhAdi bhAvoM ke prati mAtra draSTA bhAva rakheM, to vaha bhAvI bandhana se bacakara pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA kara detA hai aura isa prakAra vaha bandhana se vimukti kI ora apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detA hai| vastutaH viveka va apramattatA aise tathya haiM jo hameM navIna bandhana se bacAkara vimukti kI ora abhimukha karate haiN| vyakti meM jitanI apramattatA yA Atma cetanatA hogI, usakA viveka utanA jAgRta rhegaa| vaha bandhana se vimukti kI dizA meM Age bddh'egaa| jaina karma siddhAnta batAtA hai ki karmoM ke vipAka ke sambandha meM hama vivaza yA paratantra hote haiM, kintu usa vipAka kI dazA meM bhI hamameM itanI svatantratA avazya hotI hai ki hama navIna karma paramparA kA saMcaya kareM yA na kareM, aisA nizcaya kara sakate haiN| vastutaH karma vipAka ke sandarbha meM hama paratantra hote haiM, kintu navIna karma bandha ke sandarbha meM hama AMzika rUpa meM svatantra hai| isI AMzika svatantratA dvArA hama mukti arthAt pUrNa svatantratA prApta kara sakate haiN| jo sAdhaka vipAkodaya ke samaya sAkSI bhAva yA jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM jIvana jInA jAnatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI karma-vimukti ko prApta kara letA hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. 2. 3. jaina, DaoN. sAgaramala - jainakarma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982, pR.4 zveta zvataropaniSad (gItA presa, gorakhapura) 111-2 The Philosophical Quarterly, April 1932, p. 72. Maxmullar - Three Leacturers on Vedanta Philosophy, p. 165. 4.
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________________ 127. jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 5. mAlavaNiyA, paM. dalasukhabhAI - AtmamImAMsA (jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala) 6. mizrA, ravindranAtha, jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa (pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5, 1985), pR.8 7. vahI, pR. 9-10 8. rAgo ya dosro vi ya kammabIyaM, uttarAdhyayanasUtra 32/7 9. (a) samavAyAMga 514 (ba) isibhAsiyAI 9/5 (sa) tattvArthasUtra 8/1 10. kundakunda, samayasAra 171 11. (a) aTThavihaM kammagaMthi -- isibhAsiyAiM 31 (ba) aTThavihakaMmmarayamalaM -- isibhAsiyAiM 23 12. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saM. madhukaramuni), 33/2-3 13. vahI, 33/4-15 14. aguttara nikAyauddhRta upAdhyAya bharata siMha, bauddha darzanava anya bhAratIya darzana, pR.463 15. dekheM - AcArya narendradeva, bauddha dharma darzana, pR.250 16. devendra sUri, karmagrantha prathama, karma vipAka 17. saMghavI paM. sukhalAla, darzana va cintana, pR.225 18. AcArya nemicanda, gommaTasAra, karmakANDa - 6 19. AcArya vidyAnandI, aSTasahastrI, pR. 51, uddhRta-- Tatia N.M., Studies in Jaina Philosophy (P.V. Research Institute, Varanasi-5), p.227 20. karmagrantha - prathama, karma vipAka - bhUmikA paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pR.24 21. jaina sAgaramala - jaina karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 17-18 22. (a) mahAbhArata : zAntiparva (gItA presa, gorakhapura ) pR.129 (ba) tilaka, lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara, gItArahasya, pR.268 23. AcArya narendra deva, bauddha dharma darzana, pR.277 (a) dekheM-- uttarAdhyayanasUtra-- sampAdaka madhukaramuni 414 113, 23 11 130 (ba) bhagavatIsUtra 112164 25. dekheM-- (a) Tatia, N.M., Studies in Jaina Philosophy (P.V.R.I. ), p.254. (ba) jaina sAgaramala-- jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 24-27 26. jaina sAgaramala -- jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 35-36 27. vahI, pR. 36-40 28. jJAtavya hai ki prastuta vivaraNa tatvArthasUtra adhyAya 6 evaM 8, karma grantha prathama karmavipAka, pR. 54-61, samavAyAMga 30/1 tathA sthAnAMga 1/4/4/373 para AdhArita hai| 29. yogazAstra ( hemacandra), 4/107. 30. sthAnAMga, TIkA ( abhayadeva), 1/11-12 31. jainadharma, munisuzIlakumAra, pR. 84
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________________ 128 32. samayasAranATaka, banArasIdAsa, utthAnikA 28 33. bhagavatIsUtra, 7/10/121 34. sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna, 9 35. bhagavadgItA, 18/17 36. dhammapada, 249 37. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, AdrakasaMvAda 2/6 38. jainakarmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sAgaramala jaina, pR. 39. dazavaukalikasUtra, 4/9 40. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2 / 2/4 41. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/14 42. tattvArthasUtra, 1/4 43. isimAsiyAI (RSibhASita), 9 / 2 44. samayasAra ( kundakunda), 145-146 45. pravacanasAra TIkA ( amRtacandra ), 1/72 kI TIkA 46. samayasAra vacanikA, jayacanda chAbaDA, gAthA 145-146 kI vacanikA pR. 207 47. bhagavadgItA, 4/16 48. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/22-24 49. bhagavadgItA, 4/16 50. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/8/1-2 51. vahI, 1/8/3 52. AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/2/1 53. jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 52-55 54. vahI, pR. 61-67 55. vahI, pR. 57 56. (a) vahI, pU. 67-79 (ba) prastuta vivaraNa tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 6 evaM 8, karmagrantha prathama, ( karmavipAka ) pR. 54 - 62, samavAyAMga 30/1 tathA sthAnAMga 1 /4/4/373 para AdhArita hai /
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________________ jaina jagat pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina kA sArvajanika abhinandana pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina kA unake gRhanagara zAjApura meM, zAjApura jaina saMgha dvArA 24 apraila, 1994 ko samAroha pUrvaka sArvajanika abhinandana kiyA gyaa| samAroha ke mukhya atithi variSTha patrakAra zrI abhaya chajalAnI the| samAroha kI adhyakSatA parva mantrI zrI lalita jaina ne kii| abhinandana-patra kA vAcana zrI zailendrarAja jaina ne kiyaa| samAroha meM gA~dhIdarzana ke antarrASTrIya khyAti ke vidvAna, pUrva sAMsada, vartamAna kulapati pro. rAmajI siMha, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~, kSetrIya sAMsada zrI phUlacanda varmA, kSetrIya vidhAyaka zrI hukuma siMha karAr3A, mahAvidyAlaya zAjApura ke prAcArya DI. esa. pATIdAra ne apane vicAra vyakta kiye| zrI chajalAnI ne pro. sAgaramala jaina kI pustaka "sAgara jaina-vidyA bhAratI, bhAga 1" kA vimocana kiyA evaM zrI lalitakumAra jaina ne "sAgaramala jaina vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" nAmaka laghu pustikA kA vimocana kiyaa|
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________________ mahAvIra jayantI samAroha indaura, 24 apraila, 1994 bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala evaM jaina sozalagrupa, indaura dvArA mahAvIra jayantI samAroha Ayojita kiyA gyaa| samAroha kA zubhArambha mahAmaNDala ke prAntIya adhyakSa evaM pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke adhyakSa zrI nemanAtha jaina tathA jaina sozalagrupa ke antarrASTrIya adhyakSa zrI nagIna koThArI ne dvIpa prajvalita kara kiyaa| isa samAroha meM mukhya vaktA pro. sAgaramala jaina ne "mahAvIra ke siddhAnta vaijJAnika kasauTI para" viSaya para vyAkhyAna diyaa| pro. jaina ne kahA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA 2500 varSa pahale kahI gayI bAteM Aja vijJAna ke yuga meM bhI satya siddha ho rahI hai| vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina ke pUrva kulapati DaoN. Ara.ke. nAMdagAMvakara ne mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM-ahiMsA, aparigraha tathA anekAntavAda ko Aja kI paristhiti meM sukha-samRddhi kA AdhAra btaayaa| samAroha meM Aye atithiyoM kA svAgata indaura nagara-adhyakSa zrI narendra nAhara ne kiyA, vaktAoM kA svAgata evaM paricaya sozalagrupa ke nagara adhyakSa zrI yazavanta jaina ne diyA, samAroha kA saMcAlana zrI zarada mehatA ne kiyaa| jainavidyAlaya, kalakattA mahAvIra jayantI samAroha kA Ayojana jaina sabhA ke hAla meM kiyA gyaa| samAroha ke adhyakSa pada se bolate hue pazcima baMgAla ke Ayakara Ayukta zrI vIrendra siMha bA~ThiyA ne vicAra vyakta kiyA ki "bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ko saste evaM sulabha sAhitya ke mAdhyama se vidyAlayoM ke chAtroM ke madhya pahu~cAyA jAye, tAki ve satya aura ahiMsA ke patha para cala skeN|" samAroha ke mukhya atithi suprasiddha samAja-sevI zrI vAnecanda mAlU the, pramukha vaktA pro. DaoN. vasumati DAgA thiiN| sabhA ke saha-mantrI zrI azoka minnI ne atithiyoM evaM AgantukoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta kiyaa|
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________________ arhat vacana puraskAroM kI ghoSaNA kundakunda jJAnapITha, indaura dvArA prakAzita zodha traimAsikI " arhat vacana" ke varSa 5 / 1993 meM prakAzita 4 aMkoM meM chape AlekhoM meM se tIna sarvazreSTha AlekhoM ke lie pro. rAjArAma jaina, ArA, pro. rAjagopAla, prAdhyApaka gaNita, eTakinsana kAleja, yorka yUnivarsiTI, oNToriyo, kanADA evaM pro. je. ena. kapUra, pro. Ava eminensa, gaNita, je. ela. neharu, kendrIya vizvavidyAlaya, dillI ko kramazaH ru.3001, ru.2001 tathA ru. 1001 ke prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| inake lekhoM kA zIrSaka kramazaH (1) gopAcala : uttara - madhyakAlIna itihAsa, sAhitya evaM kalA saMgama kA tIrtha, (2) Mathematical problem solving in Medieval India and Europe tathA (3) Ancient Indian Mathematics and its Relevance to Modern Indian Mathematics. jainAgama, paryAvaraNa-saMrakSaNa aura vizvazAnti rASTrIya saMgoSThI yaha saMgoSThI pUjya pravartaka zrI rUpacanda muni rajata evaM upapravartaka zakunamuni kI preraNA se ahiMsA jaina vidyApITha, sojata siTI, rAjasthAna evaM jainavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura ke saMyukta saMyojana meM AgAmI 7-8 jUna ko Ayojita kI jA rahI hai / saMgoSThI kA Ayojana pUjya marudhara kesarI smRtidhAma, sojata siTI, rAjasthAna ke prAMgaNa meM saMcAlita ahiMsA jaina vidyApITha ke antargata kiyA jA rahA hai| saMgoSThI ke nidezaka DaoN. premasumana jaina, vibhAgAdhyakSa evaM saMyojaka DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, sahAyaka prophesara, jainavidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura haiN|
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________________ prakIrNaka sAhitya : adhyayana evaM samIkSA saMgoSThI udayapura Agama, ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura dvArA Ayojita "prakIrNaka sAhitya : adhyayana evaM samIkSA viSayaka saMgoSThI " 2-3 apraila, 1994 ko sampanna huI / saMgoSThI kA udghATana 2 apraila 1994 ko javAhara jaina sIniyara sekeNDarI skUla ke sabhAgAra meM mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya ke kulapati pro. Ara. ke. rAya ne dIpa prajvalita kara kiyaa| mukhya atithi pro. kamalacanda sogAnI, jayapura the / AgantukoM kA svAgata saMsthAna ke mahAmantrI zrI saradAramala jI kAMkariyA ne kiyaa| isa avasara para saMsthAna ke zodhAdhikArI DaoN. sureza sisodiyA kI pustaka " jainadharma ke sampradAya" kA pro. rAya ne lokArpaNa kiyA / samAroha kA saMcAlana DaoN. sureza sisodiyA ne kiyA / saMgoSThI meM pro. sAgaramala jaina (vArANasI), pro. ke. sI. sogAnI (jayapura), DaoN. ke. Ara. candrA ( ahamadAbAda), DaoN. premasumana jaina (udayapura), DaoN. suSamA saMghavI (udayapura), zrI jauharamala jI pArikha (jodhapura), DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha (vArANasI), DaoN. subhASa koThArI (udayapura), DaoN. sureza sisodiyA (udayapura), DaoN. hukumacanda jaina (udayapura), DaoN. dharmacanda jaina (jodhapura) evaM DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya ( ahamadAbAda ) ne prakIrNaka ke vibhinna pakSoM para apane zodha prastuta kiye| samApana samAroha ke avasara para saMsthAna ke parAmarzadAtA pro. sogAnI, mAnada nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina, mukhya atithi zrI zivakizora sanADhya evaM adhyakSa zrI pI. esa. murDiyA ne bhI apane vicAra rkhe| kAryakrama kA saMyojana saMsthAna kI saha- nidezikA DaoN. suSamA saMghavI ne kiyaa| saMsthAna ke mahAmantrI zrI saradAramala jI kAMkariyA ne yaha sUcita kiyA ki isa saMgoSThI kA sampUrNa arthabhAra kalakattA nivAsI zrI surendra kumAra jI bA~ThiyA ne vahana kiyA /
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________________ ahiMsA iNTaranezanala dvArA vizvajaina kAMphreMsa kA Ayojana naI dillI meM AgAmI 25,26 evaM 27 disambara 1994 ko "varlDa jaina kAMgresa ke tattvAvadhAna meM ahiMsA iNTaranezanala dvArA chaThIM vizvajaina kAMphreMsa Ayojita hai| kAMphreMsa ke mahAsacita zrI satIza kumAra jaina se prApta sUcanA ke anusAra deza tathA videza ke aneka pramukha vyakti isa sammelana kI saphalatA ke lie prayatnazIla haiN| chaThe vizva jaina sammelana kA mukhya viSaya hai -- 21vIM zatAbdI meM jaina smaaj| anya viSaya jina para carcA kI jAyegI ve haiM -- vizvastara para jainadharma kI mAnyatA, vizvabandhutva, ahiMsA, zAnti, zAkAhAra, pazurakSA, paryAvaraNarakSA, mahilA evaM yuvAvarga kA sAmAjika uttaradAyitva. vikalAMga sevA, samayopayogI sAhitya prakAzana ke lie dizAbodha aadi| amerikA, kanADA, iMglaiNDa sahita yUropa, eziyA tathA aphrIkI dezoM ke pratinidhi evaM vidvAn bar3I saMkhyA meM isa sammelana meM bhAga legeN| samparkasUtra -- satIza kumAra jaina, mahAsacita, ahiMsA iNTaranezanala, 53, RSabhavihAra, dillI 110092
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________________ zramaNa fo to gato se stal: 38 rat-139888 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are designed to give your moulded product clean flawless lines. Fully tested to give instant production the moulds are made of special alloy steel hard chrome-plated Get in touch with us for information on compression injection or transfer moulds Send a drawing of a sample of your design 11 required we can underlake jobs right from the designing stage. Write to Nuchem PLASTICS LTD. KABAMBANIZ Engineering Division 2016. Mathura Road Faridabad (Haryana) Edited Printed and Published by Prof. Sagar Mal Jain, Directo Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpeeth, Varanasi-221005 www.jainelibrary